Resumos
Diversos tipos de análise de solo exigem a destruição prévia da matéria orgânica, sendo a água oxigenada o oxidante mais usualmente empregado. Nêste trabalho a ação da água oxigenada sôbre o carbono e o nitrogênio do solo foi estudada com pormenores, para esclarecer alguns pontos relativos à oxidação. A água oxigenada não destroi totalmente a matéria orgânica, qualquer que seja a concentração empregada. Em virtude da solubilidade de alguns produtos de oxidação do carbono e da remoção de resíduos vegetais não decompostos, a lavagem do solo com água destilada, após os tratamentos com aquele oxidante, produz maiores perdas de carbono que nos tratamentos sem lavagem. O nitrogênio só é eliminado em porcentagens altas quando o solo é lavado ; caso contrário, a sua porcentagem aumenta ou permanece no mesmo nível que a do solo original. A relação C/N acompanha as variações do carbono e nitrogênio segundo o tipo de tratamento feito. A concentração da água oxigenada pouca influência exerce na remoção do carbono e nitrogênio do solo ; essa remoção depende da quantidade de água oxigenada adicionada. A adição do volume total de água oxigenada necessária para produzir o máximo de oxidação é menos trabalhosa que a adição sucessiva de frações dêsse total, porém os resultados só são iguais quando os solos são pobres em carbono e nitrogênio. Para solos ricos nesses elementos, o parcelamento do volume total de oxidante é mais eficiente.
Several types of soil analysis require pretreatment of samples with hydrogen peroxide for removal of the organic matter. The present work was carried out in order to obtain more especific information about the effect of the hydrogen peroxide treatment on the organic matter in soil samples. Hydrogen peroxide did not destroy all the organic matter present in the soil samples. Usually from 59 to 94 per cent of it was destroyed, these results varying according to kind of soil, method of treatment, and in some cases with the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution used. Samples leached after each treatment with hydrogen peroxide had more carbon removed than unleached samples. The behavior of soil nitrogen was different from that of carbon. The nitrogen level in treated samples that were not leached was increased or maintained at the same level in relation to their initial content. When the samples were leached, from 72 to 100 per cent of their nitrogen content was removed. The C/N ratio followed closely the removal of carbon and nitrogen. It was wide for leached samples and narrow for the non-leached ones. The destruction of the organic matter in samples rich in organic carbon was independent of the peroxide concentration, but varied to a certain extent with the amount added. Low concentrations of peroxide solutions gave better results with samples from poor soils than the same amount added in higher concentration. It is believed that some peroxide was decomposed before acting on the organic matter. Removal of the nitrogen fraction was more dependent on leaching the samples after treatment than on the amount or concentration of the reagent. Repeated treatments of the soil samples with small amounts of hydrogen peroxide gave results different from those given by a single treatment with the same total volume of the reagent. When leaching was employed, the repeated treatments were more effective for removal of carbon and nitrogen from soil samples rich in organic matter than the single treatment. In case of samples with low organic matter content, the method of repeated treatments was more effective than the single treatment only for nitrogen removal. When no leaching was done after treatment, both methods were equally effective.
Ação da água oxigenada sôbre a matéria orgânica do solo
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on soil organic matter
F. da Costa Verdade
Engenheiro agrônomo, Secção de Agrogeologia, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
RESUMO
Diversos tipos de análise de solo exigem a destruição prévia da matéria orgânica, sendo a água oxigenada o oxidante mais usualmente empregado. Nêste trabalho a ação da água oxigenada sôbre o carbono e o nitrogênio do solo foi estudada com pormenores, para esclarecer alguns pontos relativos à oxidação.
A água oxigenada não destroi totalmente a matéria orgânica, qualquer que seja a concentração empregada. Em virtude da solubilidade de alguns produtos de oxidação do carbono e da remoção de resíduos vegetais não decompostos, a lavagem do solo com água destilada, após os tratamentos com aquele oxidante, produz maiores perdas de carbono que nos tratamentos sem lavagem. O nitrogênio só é eliminado em porcentagens altas quando o solo é lavado ; caso contrário, a sua porcentagem aumenta ou permanece no mesmo nível que a do solo original. A relação C/N acompanha as variações do carbono e nitrogênio segundo o tipo de tratamento feito.
A concentração da água oxigenada pouca influência exerce na remoção do carbono e nitrogênio do solo ; essa remoção depende da quantidade de água oxigenada adicionada.
A adição do volume total de água oxigenada necessária para produzir o máximo de oxidação é menos trabalhosa que a adição sucessiva de frações dêsse total, porém os resultados só são iguais quando os solos são pobres em carbono e nitrogênio. Para solos ricos nesses elementos, o parcelamento do volume total de oxidante é mais eficiente.
SUMMARY
Several types of soil analysis require pretreatment of samples with hydrogen peroxide for removal of the organic matter. The present work was carried out in order to obtain more especific information about the effect of the hydrogen peroxide treatment on the organic matter in soil samples.
Hydrogen peroxide did not destroy all the organic matter present in the soil samples. Usually from 59 to 94 per cent of it was destroyed, these results varying according to kind of soil, method of treatment, and in some cases with the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution used. Samples leached after each treatment with hydrogen peroxide had more carbon removed than unleached samples.
The behavior of soil nitrogen was different from that of carbon. The nitrogen level in treated samples that were not leached was increased or maintained at the same level in relation to their initial content. When the samples were leached, from 72 to 100 per cent of their nitrogen content was removed. The C/N ratio followed closely the removal of carbon and nitrogen. It was wide for leached samples and narrow for the non-leached ones.
The destruction of the organic matter in samples rich in organic carbon was independent of the peroxide concentration, but varied to a certain extent with the amount added. Low concentrations of peroxide solutions gave better results with samples from poor soils than the same amount added in higher concentration. It is believed that some peroxide was decomposed before acting on the organic matter. Removal of the nitrogen fraction was more dependent on leaching the samples after treatment than on the amount or concentration of the reagent.
Repeated treatments of the soil samples with small amounts of hydrogen peroxide gave results different from those given by a single treatment with the same total volume of the reagent. When leaching was employed, the repeated treatments were more effective for removal of carbon and nitrogen from soil samples rich in organic matter than the single treatment. In case of samples with low organic matter content, the method of repeated treatments was more effective than the single treatment only for nitrogen removal. When no leaching was done after treatment, both methods were equally effective.
Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.
Full text available only in PDF format.
LITERATURA CITADA
Recebido para publicação em 3 de julho de 1954.
- 1. DEAN, L. A. Differential thermal analysis of Hawaiian soils. Soil Sci. 63:95-105. 1947.
- 2. HOSKING, J. S. The influence of hydrogen-ion concentration on the decomposition of soil organic matter by hydrogen peroxide. J. agric. Sci. 22:92-100. 1932.
- 3. JEFFRIES, C. D. & JACKSON, M. L. Mineralogical analysis of soils. Soil Sci. 68:57-73. 1949.
- 4. MCLEAN, W. Effect of hydrogen peroxide on soil organic matter. J. agric. Sci. 21:251-261. 1931.
- 5. OLSON, L. C. & BRAY, R. H. The determination of the organic base-exchange capacity of soils. Soil Sci. 45:483-496. 1938.
- 6. PAIVA, J. E. (neto), CATANI, R. A., QUEIROZ, M. S. & KÜPPER, A. Contribuição ao estudo dos métodos analíticos e de extração para a caracterização química dos solos do Estado de São Paulo. In Reunião, Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, l.Ş, Rio de Janeiro, 1950. Anais. p. 79-108.
- 7. PURI, A. N. Soils their physics and chemistry. New York, Reinhold Publ. Corp., 1949. p. 278-279.
- 8. ROBINSON, G. W. & JONES, J. O. A method for determining the degree of humification of soil organic matter. J. agric. Sci. 15:26-29. 1925.
- 9. ROBINSON, W. O. The determination of organic matter in soil by means of hydrogen peroxide. J. agric. Res. 34:339-356. 1927.
Datas de Publicação
-
Publicação nesta coleção
18 Maio 2010 -
Data do Fascículo
1954
Histórico
-
Recebido
03 Jul 1954
