Two factorial field experiments were carried out in the years of 1981 to 1984, in two soils (Dark-red Latosol - LE, and Dusky-red Latosol - LR) of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, with the objective of assessing the effect of N and K application on yield of three varieties of sugarcane grown in two row spacings. The fertilizer treatments for plant-cane consisted of the following combinations of N and K2O, in kg/ha: 0-210, 70-210, 140-210, 210-210, 140-0, 140-70, 140-140, and 140-210. All plots received equal amounts of P, at the rate of 120 kg P2O5/ha. The fertilizer treatments for 1st and 2nd ratoon were the same for all plots: 100, 30, and 120 kg/ha of N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. Significant effects of row spacings, varieties, and NK application were observed on yields of cane and sucrose in both soils. Maximum calculated yields of cane were obtained with 165 kg N/ha and 148 kg K2O/ha in the LR soil, and 180 kg N/ha in the LE soil. The corresponding values for maximum sucrose yields were 153 kg N/ha and 104 kg K2O/ha in the LE soil and 128 kg K2O/ha in the LR soil. The highest rates of both N and K applied caused a decrease in the sucrose concentration of cane so that the rates of fertilizer application necessary for maximum sucrose yield were lower than those for maximum cane yield. The data for total cane and sucrose production (plant + ratoon) showed that the effects of N and K were similar to those obtained for plant-cane. The 1.2-meter row spacing produced higher yield of cane per unit area than that of the 1.5-meter spacing (increases of 14% in LR and 7% in LE, for plant + ratoon), and lower values per unit length of row (- 18% in LR and - 10% in LE). Varieties IAC58-480 and IAC64-257 showed greater sucrose yield than that of IAC52-150: 17% and 12% respectively in LR; in LE, both varieties produced 12% more than IAC52-150. Varieties also differed regarding sucrose content: IAC58-480 was 5% higher than IAC52-150 and the latter was 2% higher than IAC64-257.
sugarcane; NK fertilization; varieties; spacings