Evolution of slaughter precocity in male beef cattle in the Carne Pampa programme

Fernandes, Caroline de Avila; Vaz, Fabiano Nunes; Pascoal, Leonir Luiz; Pacheco, Paulo Santana; Moraes, Matheus Lehnhart de; Schreiber, Ariel; Severo, Marcelo Machado; Vaz, Ricardo Zambarda; Maysonnave, Greicy Sofia

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v21e-61346

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Zootecnia • Ciênc. anim. bras. 21 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v21e-61346 copy

Evolution of slaughter precocity in male beef cattle in the Carne Pampa programme

Evolução da precocidade de abate de bovinos de corte machos no programa Carne pampa

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse precocity behaviour over nine years in Hereford steers and their crosses, slaughtered with from zero to six teeth. Approximately 144,000 certified carcases in the Carne Pampa programme were analysed between 2010 and 2018. The increase in cold carcase weight per year was evaluated for three periods of the year: the hot season was defined as 26 December to 25 May, the autumn void was defined as 26 May to 25 July, and the cold season from 26 July to 25 December. To assess the behaviour of cold carcase weight over the years per season, the data were submitted to simple linear regression analysis. The average weights per season were compared by the mean value comparison test. The cold season had the highest mean carcase weight, with 239.1 kg, showing an annual increase of 6.45 kg. Analysing the behaviour of mean carcase weight by dentition, animals with zero teeth showed a greater weight increase over the years during the cold season as well as during the autumn void; during the hot season, animals slaughtered with two teeth showed the greater increase in weight. The category that showed the least increase in weight for all three seasons were animals slaughtered with six teeth. It was concluded that over the nine years, there was an increase in slaughter precocity in male cattle certified in the Carne Pampa programme.

Quality meat; Certification; Maturity; Young steer

Year	Autumn Void	Cold Season	Hot Season
2010	205.5	216.5	230.4
2011	228.3	229.7	225.7
2012	237.9	237.9	233.1
2013	237.9	239.5	238.3
2014	237.7	238.2	237.3
2015	237.4	234.9	238.2
2016	241.3	236.2	242.5
2017	233.3	240.6	238.5
2018	246.1	251.3	238.9
Mean	236.7	239.1	237.5
Standard deviation	30.2	31.7	31.1
Probability	P<0.01	P<0.01	P<0.01
Equation^* * ŷ=cold carcase weight and x=year	$\hat{y} = 225.0 + 4.76 x$	$\hat{y} = 222.7 + 6.45 x$	$\hat{y} = 219.0 + 6.38 x$

Year	Zero Teeth		Two Teeth		Four Teeth		Six Teeth
Year	N	Weight	N	Weight	N	Weight	N	Weight
2010	617	195.9	951	211.1	924	231.4	153	212.8
2011	948	212.8	1,604	228.9	1.432	240.6	79	245.6
2012	1,321	223.3	1,950	232.9	1,665	244.3	1,049	255.5
2013	2,275	220.8	2,567	238.2	1,978	250.3	1,038	262.5
2014	2,394	220.7	2,789	234.7	2,035	248.7	1,240	262.2
2015	2,540	220.3	3,478	234.5	1,886	244.0	875	259.5
2016	3,101	219.4	4,113	233.8	2,423	248.8	1,220	262.1
2017	2,933	224.6	4,757	240.0	2,864	249.1	1,617	255.7
2018	2,452	235.0	4,831	246.6	3,685	258.4	2,323	266.8
Mean	2,065	221.9	3,004	236.6	2,099	248.5	1,066	260.8
Probability	P<0.01		P<0.01		P<0.01		P<0.01
Standard deviation	26.8		28.3		30.3		33.1
Equation^* * ŷ=cold carcase weight and x=year	$\hat{y} = 207.45 + 2.43 x$		$\hat{y} = 221.76 + 2.42 x$		$\hat{y} = 235.9 + 2.12 x$		$\hat{y} = 252.9 + 1.21 x$

Year	Zero Teeth		Two Teeth		Four Teeth		Six Teeth
Year	N	Mean	N	Mean	N	Mean	N	Mean
2010	52	216.2	839	224.1	573	234.9	149	253.0
2011	314	207.8	1,676	218.7	1,149	232.3	425	248.0
2012	519	214.3	2,231	231.2	1,392	239.1	166	263.0
2013	574	219.3	3,101	229.8	1,824	239.6	2,253	253.6
2014	997	202.3	1,710	229.9	1,158	246.5	1,719	258.9
2015	1,489	215.9	2,009	236.6	1,196	245.9	1,255	259.6
2016	1,111	213.0	2,630	238.1	1,546	249.7	1,657	262.3
2017	1,808	220.0	3,020	239.9	1,442	245.9	1,318	252.3
2018	2,761	221.5	5,297	238.1	2,529	246.3	1,810	257.7
Mean	1,069	214.5	2,501	231.8	1,423	242.2	1,194	256.5
Probability	P<0.01		P<0.01		P<0.01		P<0.01
Standard deviation	25.3		28.1		29.2		30.9
Equation^* * ŷ=cold carcase weight and x=year	$\hat{y} = 203.64 + 1.87 x$		$\hat{y} = 221.14 + 2.12 x$		$\hat{y} = 233.34 + 1.79 x$		$\hat{y} = 253.31 + 0.60 x$

Year	Zero Teeth		Two Teeth		Four Teeth		Six Teeth
Year	N	Mean	N	Mean	N	Mean	N	Mean
2010	255	188.8	189	202.9	234	220.2	41	235.0
2011	265	211.2	359	227.1	573	236.1	34	240.1
2012	512	231.4	273	237.3	347	246.1	47	250.3
2013	350	225.1	272	229.1	412	244.5	233	255.7
2014	760	227.9	412	235.8	641	241.7	313	255.5
2015	799	227.8	374	238.5	358	247.5	169	259.1
2016	484	228.8	341	241.4	408	247.9	289	252.6
2017	827	227.2	475	231.8	533	236.7	296	246.6
2018	810	227.9	598	243.9	987	254.4	584	258.9
Mean	562	225.2	366	234.3	499	243.7	223	254.3
Probability	P<0.01		P<0.01		P<0.01		P<0.01
Standard deviation	26.8		29.5		30.9		29.5
Equation^* * ŷ=cold carcase weight and x=year	$\hat{y} = 212.56 + 2.16 x$		$\hat{y} = 219.40 + 2.63 x$		$\hat{y} = 231.20 + 2.20 x$		$\hat{y} = 258.01 + 0.94 x$

Universidade Federal de Goiás Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus II, Caixa Postal 131, CEP: 74001-970, Tel.: (55 62) 3521-1568, Fax: (55 62) 3521-1566 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
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[1] *Correspondent - matheussps@hotmail.com