Ionic balance of water and physical-chemical properties of soil from marine shrimp farms of the Jaguaruna interior county, Ceará, Brazil

Moreira, Francisco Hiago Gadelha; Lima, Francisco Roberto dos Santos; Cavalcante, Davi de Holanda; Carmo e Sá, Marcelo Vinícius do

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v21e-56913

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Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca • Ciênc. anim. bras. 21 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v21e-56913 copy

Ionic balance of water and physical-chemical properties of soil from marine shrimp farms of the Jaguaruna interior county, Ceará, Brazil

Balanço iônico da água e características físico-químicas do solo de fazendas de camarão marinho do município interiorano de Jaguaruana, Ceará, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present work aimed at describing and characterizing the physical-chemical composition and the Na⁺: K⁺ and Ca⁺²: Mg⁺² ratios of well waters used to fill L. vannamei culture ponds, belonging to farms located in Jaguaruana, an interior municipality of the State of Ceará, Brazil. Besides that, the study also sought to describe and characterize the physical-chemical properties of soils from the same shrimp farms. Well water and soil samples were taken in four farms, three located in Jaguaruana (Pasta Branca, Sargento and Poró) and one in the municipality of Aracati, which served as a control. Water samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, salinity, total alkalinity, total and calcium hardness, potassium and sodium. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, salinity, potential acidity, phosphorus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, sodium and potassium. The well waters from Aracati, Pasta Branca/Sargento and Poró were classified as euhaline, oligohaline and mesohaline, respectively. The results of pH indicated that liming was necessary in all four farms. All well waters demanded potassium fertilization to compensate for K⁺ deficiency and to adjust Na: K ratio. It has been concluded that, in the productive management of inland shrimp farms, it is important to monitor not only the Na: K and Ca: Mg ratios of the water, but also the absolute concentrations of each ion.

Keywords:
Inland shrimp culture; Sodium; Potassium; Calcium; Magnesium; Low-salinity Waters

Variable¹ 1 TA and TH in mg L-1 CaCO3: concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chloride in mg L-1;	Well water		Desirable value² 2 The desirable values of pH, TA. TH and ionic concentrations for inland shrimp culture were obtained from Boyd, Thunjai and Boonyaratpalin(6), by considering the average salinities of ≈ 0.7 g L-1 (oligohaline wells) and ≈ 6.1 mg L-1 (mesohaline wells);
	Oligohaline	Mesohaline	Oligohaline	Mesohaline
pH	6.88 ± 0.28 (6.53 - 7.22)	6.73 ± 0.23 (6.53 - 6.99)	7.5 - 8.5	7.5 - 8.5
TH	125.2 ± 36.7 (82.2 - 179.2)	185.8 ± 7.2 (181.2 - 194.0)	≥ 100	≥ 100
TH	204 ± 61 (122 - 272)	1956 ± 499 (1384 - 2307)	≥ 200	≥ 1200
Ca²⁺	22.2 ± 5.2 (15.2 - 30.7)	308.4 ± 102.8 (190.5 - 379.0)	≥ 15	≥ 100
Mg²⁺	36.0 ± 14.2 (16.3 - 53.8)	287.8 ± 28.9 (220.5 - 330.2)	≥ 20	≥ 250
K⁺	6.3 ± 1.7 (3.6 - 8.6)	5.1 ± 1.3 (3.6 - 6.0)	≥ 30	≥ 70
Na⁺	167.0 ± 47.6 (125.4 - 256.0)	1232.3 ± 292.0 (915.0 - 1489.6)	≥ 215³ 3 The minimum salinity of water suitable for L. vannamei culture is 0.7 g L-1 according to Sá(13).	≥ 1900
Cl^-	279 ± 108 (170 - 440)	3950 ± 832 (3000 - 4550)	≥ 385³ 3 The minimum salinity of water suitable for L. vannamei culture is 0.7 g L-1 according to Sá(13).	≥ 3400

District	Well	Sal	Na⁺	K⁺	Na⁺/K+¹ 1 Ideal Na+/K+ ratio = 28: 1(5)	Recommendation
	1	0.45	125	6.2	20	Possible use for human and animal consumption.
SAR	2	0.68	158	7.2	22	Apply KCI to raise [K⁺] up to 30 mgL^-1
	3	0.80	180	3.6	50	Apply KCI to raise [K⁺] up to 30 mg L^-1
	1	0.99	256	6.4	40	Apply KCI to raise [K⁺] up to 30 mg L^-1
PB	2	0.53	145	5.6	26	Possible use for human and animal consumption.
	3	0.60	136	8.6	16	Apply KCI to raise [K⁺] up to 30 mg L^-1
	1	7.87	1490	6.0	248	Apply KCI to raise [K⁺] up to 53 mgL-¹
POR	2	6.80	1292	5.8	223	Apply KCI to raise [K⁺] up to 46 mg L^-1
	3	3.75	915	3.6	254	Apply KCI to raise [K⁺] up to 33 mgL^-1
	1	35.71	12563	311	40	-
ARAC	2	30.98	9519	250	38	-
	3	29.66	8020	205	39	-

District	Well	Sal	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺/Mg2+¹ 1 Ideal Ca+2: Mg+2 ratio = 0.296(5);	Recommedation² 2 Despite the possible benefits for growth performance drawn by magnesium fertilization, the economic feasibility of this procedure should be evaluated by the shrimp producer.
SAR	1	0.45	22.2	16.3	1.362	Possible use for human and animal consumption.
	2	0.68	15.2	42.7	0.355	Apply MgSO₄ to raise [Mg²⁺] up to 100 mg L^-1
	3	0.80	20.2	53.8	0.376	Apply MgSO₄ to raise [Mg²⁺] up to 100 mg L^-1
PB	1	0.99	30.7	45.5	0.675	Apply MgSO₄ to raise [Mg²⁺] up to 103.7 mg L^-1
	2	0.53	20.2	22.9	0.883	Possible use for human and animal consumption.
	3	0.60	24.9	34.9	0.713	Apply MgSO₄ to raise [Mg²⁺] up to 100 mg L^-1
POR	1	7.87	379.0	330.2	1.148	-
	2	6.80	355.7	312.5	1.138	-
	3	3.75	190.5	220.5	0.864	Apply MgSO₄ to raise [Mg²⁺] up to 250 mg L^-1
ARAC	1	35.71	229.3	1632.2	0.141	Apply CaSO₄ to raise [Ca²⁺] up to 483 mg L^-1
	2	30.98	124.4	1721.8	0.072	Apply CaSO₄ to raise [Ca²⁺] up to 510 mg L^-1
	3	29.66	73.9	1601.5	0.046	Apply CaSO₄ to raise [Ca²⁺] up to 474 mg L^-1

Variable² 2 SC: specific conductance (mS cm-1), Na+ and K+ (mg kg-1), OC: organic carbon (g kg-1), N and P (mg kg-1), P Ac: potential acidity (cmolc dm-1);	Soil¹ 1 Soil samples from PB and POR districts had SC < 4 mS cm-1, and were classified as low-salinity soil samples(20). Soil samples from the districts of SAR and ARAC had SC > 4 mS cm-1 and were classified as high-salinity soil samples;		P-value³ 3 The results for each variable were pooled (PB, POR x SAR, ARAC) and compared to each other by the Student's t test at the 5% significance level;
	Low salinity	High salinity
PH	6.46 ± 0.68 (5.24 - 7.11)	6.69 ± 1.06 (5.18 - 7.62)	ns⁴ 4 Non-significant (P-value > 0.05).
SC	1.57 ± 0.79 (0.61 - 2.52)	12.16 ± 7.15 (4.91 - 19.15)	0.005
Na⁺	463 ± 336 (156 - 910)	2489 ± 1476 (900 - 4074)	0.008
K⁺	155 ± 41 (118 - 228)	130 ± 45 (68 - 192)	ns
OC	91.2 ± 7.6 (79.4 - 100.2)	61.7 ± 17.0 (42.8 - 80.6)	0.003
N	570.9 ± 59.0 (501.7 - 653.3)	427.6 ± 139.6 (280.0 - 595.0)	0.043
P	25.4 ± 7.4 (15.9 - 34.1)	72.0 ± 44.0 (23.0 - 126.0)	0.028
P Ac	1.93 ± 1.11 (0.66 - 3.47)	1.57 ± 1.96 (0.00 - 4.62)	ns

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[1] *Correspondent - marcelo.sa@ufc.br