Wafer-type biscuit waste in meat-quail diets

Gonzaga, Lucas Silva; Lana, Sandra Roseli Valerio; Lana, Geraldo Roberto Quintão; Barros Junior, Romilton Ferreira; Leão, Ana Patricia Alves; Santos, Daniel Silva

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v21e-55943

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Zootecnia • Ciênc. anim. bras. 21 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v21e-55943 copy

Wafer-type biscuit waste in meat-quail diets

Resíduo de biscoito tipo wafer na alimentação de codornas de corte

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the nutritional composition and effect of different levels of inclusion of wafer-type biscuit waste (WW) in the diet of European quail on production performance, carcass yield and economic viability. In the metabolizability trial, WW showed 87.45% DM, 4,128.53 kcal/kg GE, 3,833.14 kcal/kg AME, 3,818.92 kcal/kg AMEn, 9.37% CP and 17% EE. The metabolizability coefficients of DM, GE, EE and CP were 93.20, 92.85, 93.01 and 47.16%, respectively. In the performance trial, feed intake decreased linearly (P<0.05) from 22 to 42 and from one to 42 days of age. Weight gain and feed conversion were not influenced (P>0.05) by WW inclusion. The WW inclusion levels did not influence (P>0.05) carcass yield. The diet with 20% inclusion of WW provided the best financial return. Wafer-type biscuit waste can be included up to the level of 20% in quail diets without compromising production performance, carcass yield or the economic viability of the activity.

Keywords:
agro-industrial by-product; metabolism; nutrition; quail farming

Ingredient	Control diet
Maize	57.213
Soybean meal (45%)	38.186
Wafer waste	0.000
Soybean oil	1.051
Dicalcium phosphate	1.387
Limestone	1.164
Common salt	0.395
L-lysine	0.140
DL-methionine	0.127
L-threonine	0.037
Vitamin supplement¹	0.100
Mineral supplement²	0.050
Zinc bacitracin	0.050
Cygro (virginiamycin)	0.050
Antioxidant³	0.050
Total	100.00
Calculated composition
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	2,900
Crude protein (%)	22.00
Total calcium (%)	0.900
Available phosphorus (%)	0.375
Sodium (%)	0.176
Digestible methionine (%)	0.420
Digestible lysine (%)	1.200
Digestible threonine (%)	0.790

Ingredient (%)	Biscuit waste inclusion level (%)
Ingredient (%)	0	5	10	15	20
Maize	57.213	52.734	48.255	43.777	39.298
Soybean meal (45%)	38.186	37.622	37.059	36.495	35.932
Wafer waste	0.000	5.000	10.000	15.000	20.000
Soybean oil	1.051	1.016	0.980	0.945	0.909
Dicalcium phosphate	1.387	1.409	1.430	1.451	1.472
Limestone	1.164	1.158	1.151	1.144	1.138
Common salt	0.395	0.398	0.400	0.403	0.405
L-lysine	0.140	0.170	0.199	0.228	0.258
DL-methionine	0.127	0.137	0.147	0.157	0.167
L-threonine	0.037	0.058	0.079	0.100	0.122
Vitamin supplement¹ 1 Vitamin supplement/kg: vit. A 13,440.000 IU; vit. D 3,200.000 IU; vit. E 28,000 mg/kg; vit. K 2,880 mg/kg; thiamin 3,500 mg/kg; riboflavin 9,600 mg/kg; pyridoxine 5,000 mg/kg; cyanocobalamin 19,200 mcg/kg; folic acid 1,600 mg/kg; pantothenic acid 25,000 mg/kg; niacin 67,200 mg/kg; biotin 80,000 mcg/kg; selenium 600 ppm.	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Mineral supplement² 2 Mineral supplement/kg: Mg 150,000 ppm; Zn 140,000 ppm; Fe 100,000 ppm; Cu 16,000 ppm; I 1,500 ppm.	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Zinc bacitracin	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Cygro (virginiamycin)	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Antioxidant³ 3 Butylated hydroxytoluene.	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated composition
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900
Crude protein (%)	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00
Total calcium (%)	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.900
Available phosphorus (%)	0.375	0.375	0.375	0.375	0.375
Sodium (%)	0.176	0.176	0.176	0.176	0.176
Digestible methionine (%)	0.420	0.420	0.420	0.420	0.420
Digestible lysine (%)	1.200	1.200	1.200	1.200	1.200
Digestible threonine (%)	0.790	0.790	0.790	0.790	0.790

Component	Determined value
Dry matter (%)	87.45
Gross energy (kcal/kg)	4,128.53
Apparent metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	3,833.14
Nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	3,818.92
Crude protein (%)	9.37
Ether extract (%)	17.00
Mineral matter (%)	1.12
Organic matter (%)	86.33
Metabolizability coefficient
Dry matter (%)	93.20
Gross energy (%)	92.85
Ether extract (%)	93.01
Crude protein (%)	47.16

Variable	wafer waste inclusion level^NS NS not significant; CV (%) - coefficient of variation.
Variable	0%	20%	P-value	CV (%)
AME	2,812.83	2,805.16	0.94	6.09
AMEn	2,754.23	2,795.89	0.70	5.93
DMMC	54.32	56.10	0.34	5.01
GEMC	63.78	63.61	0.94	6.09
EEMC	59.71	54.21	0.27	12.81
CPMC	53.36	51.13	0.30	6.05

Variable	Wafer waste inclusion level (%)					SEM
Variable	0	5	10	15	20	SEM
01 to 21 days of age
FI	303.52	295.71	286.64	301.70	281.80	2.67
WG	145.32	144.27	139.91	146.42	140.03	1.30
FC	2.09	2.05	2.05	2.06	2.01	0.01
22 to 42 days of age
FI^L	658.81	623.86	613.04	624.03	596.26	6.86
WG	124.35	115.07	117.69	119.09	113.32	1.96
FC	5.31	5.46	5.23	5.27	5.28	0.08
01 to 42 days of age
FI^L	962.33	919.57	899.68	925.74	878.06	9.13
WG	269.67	259.34	257.60	265.51	253.34	2.59
FC	3.57	3.55	3.50	3.49	3.47	0.02

Variable	Wafer waste inclusion level (%)					SEM
Variable	0.0	5.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	SEM
Absolute weight (g)
Slaughter weight^Q	268.00	262.50	246.00	258.50	265.50	2.16
Carcass	194.51	184.22	179.21	188.03	194.29	2.02
Breast	80.34	77.93	77.66	80.58	82.39	0.93
Legs^Q	42.87	42.10	40.66	42.82	46.58	0.50
Heart	2.15	2.14	2.06	2.13	2.15	0.03
Liver	5.29	5.13	5.10	5.25	5.47	0.15
Gizzard	4.50	4.51	4.33	4.97	4.37	0.10
Relative weight (%)
Carcass	72.55	70.19	72.84	72.74	73.20	0.52
Breast	41.29	42.30	43.30	42.89	42.40	0.28
Legs^L	22.06	22.88	22.71	22.78	23.99	0.20
Heart	1.09	1.20	1.15	1.11	1.11	0.01
Liver	2.73	2.78	2.86	2.79	2.84	0.09
Gizzard	2.32	2.45	2.43	2.66	2.26	0.07

Economic variable¹ 1 ALW - average live weight; AFI - average feed intake; FC - feed cost; AGR - average gross revenue; AFC - average feeding cost; AGM - average gross margin; RGM - relative gross margin; ARR - average return; RRR - relative rate of return.
Inclusion level	ALW	AFI	FC	AGR	AFC	AGM	RGM	AR	RRR
(%)	(kg/quail)	(kg/quail)	(BRL/kg)	(BRL/quail)	(BRL/quail)	(BRL/quail)	(%)	(%)	(%)
0	0.268	0.962	1.52	4.29	1.46	1.43	100.00	97.51	100.00
5	0.263	0.920	1.48	4.21	1.36	1.45	101.45	106.23	108.95
10	0.246	0.900	1.44	3.94	1.30	1.24	86.97	95.68	98.13
15	0.259	0.926	1.40	4.14	1.30	1.45	101.53	111.66	114.52
20	0.266	0.878	1.36	4.26	1.19	1.66	116.56	139.18	142.74

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[1] *Correspondent- sandraroselilana@gmail.com