Scientific productions on the F-Words in the field of child rehabilitation: an integrative review

Abstract

Introduction

The F-Words have brought a new approach to the concepts of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), indicating important aspects in the influence of the participation of children with disabilities.

Objective

The main objective of the words (Fitness, Fun, Friends, Family, Function, Future) is to provide a social view as opposed to the biomedical model, aiming at the participation of children with disabilities as the main form of quality of life and health. As this is a relatively new approach, this study aimed to map the scientific production of F-Words in the field of child and adolescent rehabilitation.

Method

To this end, an integrative literature review was carried out. Data were collected by two independent researchers through a search at the Periódicos Capes and Google Scholar platforms using the descriptor F-Words for English, Minhas Palavras Favoritas (Portuguese), and Mis Palabras Favoritas (Spanish). The selected articles (N=11) were those that contained the term in the title, keywords, or abstract and that were available in full.

Results

The results shown in this study provided an understanding of the scientific production of the F-Words theme at the national and international level and a description of the typology of prevalently theoretical studies and validation studies. Scientific publications on the theme were concentrated in Canada. It was observed that the term F-Words, rather than its translation into Brazilian Portuguese (Minhas Palavras favoritas), is used to refer to the concept in question.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the concept is still new and its level of dissemination has increased gradually over the years, which may be the reason for the low scientific production in countries other than those of its creators.

Keywords:
Rehabilitation; Participation; Disability

Resumo

Introdução

As F-Words trazem nova abordagem para os conceitos da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF), indicando aspectos importantes na influência da participação da criança com deficiência. O objetivo principal das palavras (Fitness, Fun, Friends, Family, Function, Future) é proporcionar uma visão de caráter social em contraposição ao modelo biomédico.

Objetivo

Mapear a produções científicas sobre as F-Words no campo da reabilitação de crianças e adolescentes.

Método

Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Os dados foram coletados por meio de busca nas plataformas Periódicos Capes e Google Scholar utilizando-se os descritores F-Words para a língua inglesa, Minhas Palavras Favoritas (português) e Mis Palabras Favoritas (espanhol). Os artigos selecionados (N=11) foram aqueles que continham o termo no título, palavras-chaves ou resumo e que estavam disponíveis na íntegra.

Resultados

Os resultados demonstrados no presente estudo possibilitaram compreender a produção científica da temática das F-Words nos âmbitos nacional e estrangeiro e descrever a tipologia dos estudos, que foram prevalentemente teóricos e de validação. Constatou-se a concentração de publicações científicas no Canadá. Observou-se que o termo F-Words, e não a sua tradução para o português do Brasil (Minhas Palavras Favoritas), é utilizado para se referir ao conceito em questão.

Conclusão

Conclui-se que o conceito ainda é novo e que seu nível de divulgação tem aumentado gradualmente ao longo dos anos, o que pode ser o motivo da baixa produção científica em países fora do núcleo de pesquisa de seus criadores.

Palavras-chave:
Reabilitação; Participação; Deficiência

Introduction

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines participation, through the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) (World Health Organization, 2001), as “[...] the involvement of an individual in a real-life situation”, as well as pointing out that “[...] restriction in participation are problems that an individual may face when involved in real-life situations”. Also, according to Law et al. (2007), the dimensions of participation are the person's preferences and interests: what he does, where and with whom, and how much pleasure and satisfaction he finds.

Thus, we understand that situations of restriction in participation are common and recurrent for people with cerebral palsy (CP) due to lack of accessibility, social exclusion, and prejudice, among other factors (Manzini et al., 2021; Badia et al., 2013; Dahan-Oliel et al., 2012). Therefore, these people constantly present impairments to their performance and ability to participate in various activities. Therefore, it is indicated that children with CP can go through the same developmental experiences as children without disabilities, even if adaptations are necessary to equalize this opportunity.

Based on child development and child participation and the functionality and health structure of the ICF, Rosenbaum & Gorter (2012) created a set of six words that they called F-words, translated into Portuguese as “Minhas Palavras Favorites” (Figure 1). The F-Words bring a new approach to the concepts of the ICF, indicating important aspects in the influence of the participation of children with disabilities. Both researchers are members of CanChild, an educational and research center owned by McMaster University in Canada. Founded in 1989, CanChild has become a reference when it comes to child disability. It has also strong international collaboration among researchers, families of children with disabilities, and rehabilitation professionals.

Figure 1
F-Words Model. Source: Brugnaro et al. (2019).

The main objective of these words is to provide a vision of a social character rather than the biomedical model, aiming at participation as the main form of quality of life and health for children with disabilities. For this, the authors hope that children, family members, and professionals mobilize to look at the disability as a whole, highlighting the importance of the integrality of the structural components of the child's life (Rosenbaum & Gorter, 2012). Below we show the definition of each of the favorite words according to Rosenbaum & Gorter (2012):

1. 1

   Function: the functionality approach is defined by the child's ability to perform the activity, even if differently, that is, the focus is on being able to do a certain activity, and not on how it is performed;

2. 2

   Family: understanding that the family is an important element in the child's development, the objective of this F-Word is to place family members at the center of the intervention. Since families suffer structural consequences from having a child with a disability, the care of all members and their inclusion in the intervention is important. It is also important that all members participate together with the child and the professional throughout the journey, characterizing the intervention centered on the family;

3. 3

   Fitness: Children with disabilities are known to be less active than typically developing children. In this way, the word health seeks to take the focus off medication for different comorbidities and guide the practice of physical activity. It is believed that it can be considered a form of therapy and recreation;

4. 4

   Fun: again, it is known that children with disabilities participate less in entertainment than their non-disabled peers. In this way, it is recommended that they have more fun, either through adapted activities using support resources (such as Assistive Technology) or, mainly, allowing the child to choose the activity that interests him most;

5. 5

   Friends: social interaction is important for personality development, so it is indisputable that children with disabilities have interpersonal relationships, whether friendship, love, or work. For this to happen, it is necessary for the child to be encouraged to create their bonds, based on their interests, and to establish spontaneous connections;

6. 6

   Future: thinking of all the previous words, one can expect and plan for the child's future.

The intention of Rosenbaum & Gorter (2012) in the elaboration of the concept, instruments, and dissemination of knowledge is that more health professionals can use F-Words in clinical practice to promote opportunities for participation for children with disabilities from client-centered practice. This model aims to place the patient in a horizontal position with the rehabilitation professional, in a collaborative process in the elaboration of objectives and decision-making (Vaz et al., 2017).

Along with the concept of F-words, the authors developed guiding instruments to practice that are translated into more than 10 languages, including Portuguese (Brugnaro et al., 2021). Studies such as those by Cross et al. (2018) indicate that, after the creation of a page to promote F-Words on the CanChild website, several health professionals, families, and children gained access to the content and its tools. Furthermore, Soper et al. (2021) mapped published studies that cite F-words and found 157 citations in six years, in several countries around the world, including Brazil. All studies highlighted the importance of encouraging practices and research based on the new concept.

We observed that the concept of F-Words is important for the clinical practice of rehabilitation professionals, as well as for children and their families. As it is still a relatively new concept, it needs to be studied a lot from different perspectives: in its clinical application, the target population of current research, and knowledge translation, especially at the national level. Based on this, we questioned the scientific production on F-Words published so far, which researchers are responsible for this production and where is the core of production through scientific collaboration networks.

Objective

To map the scientific productions on F-Words in the field of rehabilitation of children and adolescents.

Method

This is an integrative literature review (Sousa et al., 2018). The use of the literature review in the integrative modality is due to its comprehensive research characteristics, which allow the inclusion of a greater diversity of research methodologies – experimental and non-experimental – than the systematic review. Even so, the integrative review maintains a rigorous methodological structure, with a critical analysis of the results (Sousa et al., 2018).

Furthermore, the integrative literature review allows for generalization on a given subject, a broad methodological approach, and joint analysis of experimental and non-experimental research, covering texts with definitions of concepts and theoretical reviews (Souza et al., 2010). Along with the procedures foreseen in the literature review, we will use tools of a bibliometric nature (Silva et al., 2011) to help measure the scientific knowledge arising from the publications retrieved in this research.

Procedures

Data were collected through a search for scientific articles carried out on the online platforms Periódicos Capes and Google Scholar in June 2021. These platforms were chosen because they offer a wide range of searches, accessing several journals at once, which optimizes the work of article retrieval. The searches were carried out independently by two researchers, who, using the same procedure, reached 90% agreement in the identified sample.

The search strategy used the F-Words descriptors for the English language and their translations, Minhas Palavras Favoritas and Mis Palabras Favoritas, for Portuguese and Spanish, respectively. All variations of the term were investigated on the two platforms mentioned above. We included in the review articles that contained the terms in the title, keywords, or abstract and that were available in full. We adopted the following exclusion criteria: articles not related to the topic, repeated articles, and articles not available in full. It is worth mentioning that the search was performed without a time limit.

We also identified the need to limit the number of pages in the search for the term F-Words on both platforms due to a large number of articles found, hindering reading all the results found. We observed that from the fifth page onwards there were no texts on the topic and, through this finding, we decided to limit the search and select only the first 15 pages of results, making the search accessible and viable for the study. The flowchart below illustrates the process and result of searching for articles (Figure 2). No articles were found on the topic with the term in Spanish (Mis Palabras Favoritas) and, therefore, it is not represented in the flowchart.

Figure 2
Research flowchart for articles in databases. Source: Our authorship.

Results

The results are organized into three parts, the first being an overview of articles relating to the country of publication, authorship, and disclosure identification data. In the second part, we show an analysis of the content of each article, highlighting the specific characteristics of the target audience, the main results found in the studies, and the recommendations and/or suggestions for future studies. The third part brings a descriptive analysis of the 11 articles focusing on the methods and results.

Overview of articles

Table 1 shows the information on the 11 articles retrieved, identifying the journal of publication, country, and authors' names.

Table 1
Overview of articles according to their identification in the databases.

N	DATABASE	COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION	NAME OF ARTICLE AND AUTHORSHIP	PUBLICATION DATA (JOURNAL, DATE, PAGE VOLUME)
1	Periódicos Capes and Google Scholar	Canada	The ‘F-words’ in childhood disability: I swear this is how we should think! P. Rosenbaum; J.W. Gorter	Child: care, health and development, v. 38, n.4, p.457-463, 2011
2	Periódico Capes and Google Scholar	Canada	Knowledge mobilization to spread awareness of the F-Words in childhood disability: lessons from a Family researches partnership. A. Cross; P. Rosenbaum; D. Grahovac; D. Kay; J.W. Gorter	Child: care, health, and development, v.41, n.6, p.947–953, 2015
3	Google Scholar	Canada	Changing the discourse: we all must be knowledge brokers. Peter Rosenbaum	Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2016
4	Google Scholar	Brazil	Knowledge translation in pediatric rehabilitation: expanding access to scientific knowledge. Egmar Longo; Élida Rayanne Viana Pinheiro Galvão; Haryelle Náryma Confessor Ferreira; Ana Raquel Rodrigues Lindquist; Keiko Shikako-Thomas.	Brazilian Journal of physical therapy, v.21, n.6, p.389-390, 2017
5	Periódico Capes and Google Scholar	Canada	A web-based knowledge translation resource of families and services providers (the F-Words in childhood disability knowledge hub): developmental and pilot evaluation study. Andrea Cross; Peter Rosenbaum; Danijela Grahovac; Julie Brocklehurst; Diane Kay; Sue Baptiste; Jan Willem Gorter	JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies, v.5, iss. 2, e10439, p.1, 2018
6	Periódicos Capes and Google Scholar	Canada	Exploring the international uptake of the “F‐words in childhood disability”: A citation analysis. Alice Kelen Soper; Andrea Cross; Peter Rosenbaum; Jan Willem Gorter	Child: Care Health Developmental, v.45, p.473–490, 2019
7	Google Scholar	Netherlands	Zes favoriete woorden (‘F-Words’) in de kinderrevalidatie. J. W. Gorter	Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Revalidatiegeneeskunde, 2019
8	Taylor and Francis Group	Canada	Service Providers’ Perspectives on Using the ‘F-Words in Childhood Disability’: An International Survey. Alice Kelen Soper; Cross; Peter Rosenbaum; Jan Willem Gorter	Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, v. 40, n. 5, p.534–545, 2020
9	Taylor and Francis Group	Canada	Knowledge translation strategies to support service providers’ implementation of the “F-Words in childhood disabilities”. Alice Kelen Soper; Andrea Cross; Peter Rosenbaum; Jan Willem Gorter	Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
10	Google Scholar	USA	Youth Physical Activity Is All About the “F-Words”. Avery D. Faigenbaum; Tamara Rial Rebullido; Iva´n Chulvi-Medrano	Strength and Conditioning Journal, v.42, n.6, 2020
11	Google Scholar	Brazil	Tradução dos instrumentos das F-Words para o português do Brasil. Beatriz Helena Brugnaro; Camila Resende Gâmbaro Lima; Ana Carolina de Campos; Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha	Revista Fisioterapia em movimento, v. 34, e34110, 2021

• Source: Our authorship.

We identified that studies on F-Words began in Canada and that, since then (2011), the country has had a prevalence of production – seven articles. Another fact that is worth noting about the country is the participation of the same group of researchers in the production of studies, which demonstrates the realization of collective work. We believe that the examination of this situation can contribute to the analysis of scientific collaboration networks in this field of knowledge.

We found a study of Dutch origin, one from the USA and two from Brazilians. We observed that a Brazilian study and a Dutch study are translations of the F-Words and their instruments, showing that the dissemination of knowledge is still in its first steps. The publications from Brazil were made in Portuguese and English, both published by Brazilian journals. We also found that the two articles were published in a journal in the field of physical therapy.

Although the two Brazilian publications are found in physiotherapy journals, publications from other countries were presented in a wide variety of journals. In this sense, it is understood to be a topic related to the area of rehabilitation and/or care for children, in a multidisciplinary way, with a core concentration in these two areas of study.

Regarding the databases, we found that all articles on F-Words available in Periódicos Capes were also found on Google Scholar.

Overview of article-specific data

The second part of the results shows specific data regarding the type of article, objective and population investigated. Table 2 shows this information.

Table 2
Description of the articles found according to typology, objective, and target population.

N	NAME OF ARTICLE	TYPE OF ARTICLE	OBJECTIVE	POPULATION INVESTIGATED
1	The ‘F-words’ in childhood disability: I swear this is how we should think	Descriptive exploratory	Putting together a set of ideas, based on the World Health Organization's (ICF) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, into a series that has been called 'F-Words' in childhood neurodeficiency	Not applicable
2	Knowledge mobilization to spread awareness of the F-Words in childhood disability: lessons from a Family researches partnership	Action Research/Exploratory Study	To describe the knowledge translation process and timeline and share findings and main results from the researcher-family	Rehabilitation professionals and families who accessed an informative video about F-Words
3	Changing the discourse: we all must be knowledge brokers	Editorial	To discuss the importance of using positive words and valuing the child as opposed to prejudice and negative words	Not applicable
4	Knowledge translation in pediatric rehabilitation: expanding access to scientific knowledge	Editorial	Discuss the translation of knowledge in the area of child rehabilitation	Not applicable
5	A web-based knowledge translation resource of families and services providers (the F-Words in childhood disability knowledge hub): developmental and pilot evaluation study	Instrument and strategy validation	To report on the development and pilot evaluation of a web-based knowledge translation resource, the “F-Words” Knowledge Center, which was created to inform people about “F-Words” and provide action-oriented tools for support the use of “F-Words” in practice	Child health researchers, interested families, and a Ph.D. student were involved to develop and validate the F-Words instruments
6	Exploring the international uptake of the “F‐words in childhood disability”: A citation analysis	Scope review	To identify researchers' countries, when their research was published (for example, who is using F-Words), and explore the contexts in which F-Words are being cited (for example, how F-Words are being referenced)	Not applicable
7	Zes favoriete woorden (‘F-Words’) in de kinderrevalidatie	Editorial	To summarize the F-Words and reflect on the possible factors that contributed to their success	Not applicable
8	Service Providers’ Perspectives on Using the ‘F-Words in Childhood Disability’: An International Survey	Descriptive quantitative qualitative	To explore the attitudes of international service providers in the use of “F-Words”	91 service providers completed all criteria and responded to all required forms. Participants from 27 countries, most of them from Canada
9	Knowledge translation strategies to support service providers’ implementation of the “F-Words in childhood disabilities	Descriptive qualitative	To get an insight into service providers' use of F-Words, associated barriers, and knowledge translation strategies needed to support the implementation	21 service providers, including occupational therapists, physiotherapists, doctors, and others. From nine different countries
10	Youth Physical Activity Is All About the “F-Words”	Reflection article	To show the “F-Words” in youth physical activity and describe the interactive relationships between socioecological, physiological, and psychological aspects correlated and associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity	Not applicable
11	Tradução dos “instrumentos das F-Words” para o português do Brasil	Cross-cultural translation of the instrument	To translate and culturally adapt the “F-Words” tool into Brazilian Portuguese	Not applicable

• Source: Our authorship.

The analysis of the data in Table 2 shows that five articles are descriptive/exploratory, seeking reflection on the concept, either through theoretical discussions or from the point of view of third parties. Three findings are editorial, two are translation/validation of the concept and its instruments, and only one is a scoping review. Based on the types of studies found, we observed that the articles addressing F-Words have the presence of reflections on the subject and professional training as their main characteristic.

The objectives of the studies revealed an initial phase of the F-Words concept that seeks to validate its importance through reflections on the theme and associations with subareas, as well as translating knowledge for rehabilitation professionals and family members who may be users of the method.

Four studies had research participants, rehabilitation professionals, family members, and even students in the process of training with the theme. The objective of these participants and, consequently, of the research, was not to evaluate its application in practice but to highlight the best strategy for disseminating knowledge to this audience of participants. Thus, no study was identified that addressed the field application of F-Words and its instruments.

Also, the objectives focus on the translation of terms and their tools, and the improvement of the concept and discussions on the topic were highlighted. Thus, they corroborate the perceptions regarding the type of study and population investigated.

Descriptive analysis and synthesis of methods and results

The third part seeks to describe data related to the methodology of the studies, as well as the results obtained.

Table 3 shows that several studies used the dissemination of F-Words and the population's assessment of access to content and past information as a research method. Different approaches were used, so surveys were carried out with service providers, families, and people in the community. Information was collected in different ways: online questionnaires, direct interviews, and behavioral reports.

Table 3
Synthesis of methods and results.

ARTICLE	AUTHORSHIP AND OBJECTIVES	METHOD	RESULTS
1	Rosenbaum & Gorter (2012). To encourage people with a disability to apply these concepts in their work with children with disabilities and their families	Theoretical-reflective	The creation and definition of the six F-Words from the structure of the CIF
2	Cross et al. (2015). To describe the knowledge translation process and timeline and share findings and main results from the researcher-family	A knowledge translation project was designed with four stages: 1) formation of the research team; 2) development of a video about F-Words; 3) implementation and dissemination of this video; 4) evaluation of the video regarding its dissemination and impact on the community	After two months of airing on Youtube and CanChild websites, the video totaled 715 views in 34 different countries. In addition, about half of the audience who viewed the video responded to a form saying they agree and support the F-Words idea, which they learned about through conversations with colleagues and family members.
3	Rosenbaum (2016). To discuss the importance of using positive words and valuing the child as opposed to prejudice and negative words	Theory	Reflection on the benefit of F-Words in the non-judgmental thinking of professionals and family members, looking at the development potential of children and adolescents with disabilities
4	Longo et al. (2017). Discutir a tradução de conhecimento na área de reabilitação infantil	Theory	Child disability research groups from various countries have promoted the exchange of professional knowledge and encouraged the identification of solutions to link clinical efforts and research into outcomes that matter most to children and their families. An example of this is the F-words, which address the context of the child in rehabilitation using strategies developed together with professionals, family members, and patients.
5	Cross et al. (2018). To develop, implement and evaluate the translation of knowledge through the Internet	The study was divided into four parts: 1) knowledge translation: development of F-Words tools; 2) creation of a page on the Internet: dissemination of knowledge; 3) description of knowledge: how the content is organized on the website; 4) page rating	In four months, the site had 6,800 visits. Over a month, 87 visitors, mostly from Canada and the US, responded to a rating questionnaire. Most people already knew about the existence of F-Words when they visited the site. Questionnaire respondents found the content easy to understand and meaningful to professionals and family members.
6	Soper et al. (2019). To retrieve all sources that cited the original F-Words study, regardless of language	The research was carried out in three databases: Google Scholar; Wiley Online Library and Web of Science, from July 2012 to December 2018	157 articles were selected for final analysis. Half of these publications are from 2017 and 2018. 26 countries cited F-Words - 30% of the citations were from Canada
7	Gorter (2019). To translate F-Words into Dutch and explain the main causes of their success	Translation	Presentation of the results obtained in several articles related to F-Words, demonstrating the power of the concept and how knowledge has been disseminated
8	Soper et al. (2020). To describe how international rehabilitation professionals are using F-Words	The study used the Theory of Planned Behavior as a basis to predict behavioral changes and understand current behavior. A characterization questionnaire and an agreement questionnaire based on the Likert scale were also used.	More than half of the participants use F-Words in clinical practice and refer them to colleagues, as well as agree that F-Words are good in practice, are good for the child, and need to be implemented in all rehabilitation sectors
9	Soper et al. (2020). To get an insight into service providers' use of F-Words, associated barriers, and knowledge translation strategies needed to support its implementation	21 service providers were invited to participate in an interview after completing an online survey on the clinical implementation of the F-words. These participants were recruited by convenience and snowball sampling. The content analysis provided insight into the use of perceived barriers and into the identification of knowledge translation strategies to facilitate their implementation.	The study pointed out that the application “included its use as a conceptual framework, directly in practice and in teaching/training. Barriers included conflicting attitudes, insufficient funding, language, and misalignment with international/governmental organizations and priorities. To support the adoption of”, participants recommended knowing knowledge translation strategies, including local opinion leaders, bonding and exchange, educational outreach, meetings, and distribution of educational materials.
10	Faigenbaum et al. (2020). To show the 9 F-Words in youth physical activity and describe the interactive relationships between socioecological, physiological and psychological aspects correlated and associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity	Reflective theoretical description	F-words facilitate the controlled participation of young people with special needs in physical activity and other rehabilitation services
11	Brugnaro et al. (2021). Translate and culturally adapt the F-Words tool to Brazilian Portuguese	A doctoral student in physiotherapy and two Ph.D. professors in physiotherapy participated in the study, both native speakers of the target language of the translation and fluent in English. The translation was authorized by the authors. After reading and understanding the instruments, a free translation into Brazilian Portuguese was performed by a researcher. Subsequently, the back-translation into English was performed by a specialist in both languages and without previous knowledge of the original versions. The result of the back translation was sent to the authors of the instrument for verification of semantics and content.	Approval of the back-translation was obtained by the authors, indicating that the Brazilian Portuguese version of all instruments was adequate. The following titles were translated: Term of Commitment, Collage, Profile, and Goal Sheet. The ICF model was entitled: “The ICF model and Minhs Palavras Favoritas”. The material is freely available on the CanChild website. Cultural adaptation was not necessary, as recommended by the authors, and the content of the translated instruments

• Source: Our authorship.

From this, the results of studies with methods of dissemination and evaluation showed that it is necessary to make broad dissemination because so far, the content is concentrated in the country of creation - Canada. In addition, people who had contact with the topic, whether professionals or families, agreed with the concept and importance of implementing F-Words in the lives of children with disabilities.

A study sought the opinion of rehabilitation professionals who were using F-Words in their practices. As a result, they highlighted that there are still many doubts to be clarified to service providers and requested educational courses, teaching materials, and supervision.

Another significant part of the articles found was composed of editorials, which do not present a method. However, the results could be outlined according to the reflections addressed during the text, and even the questions, to be reflected in daily practice.

Discussion

The results in this study enabled us to partially understand the scientific production on the theme of F-Words at the national and international levels. The articles and productions on the subject were not found in Spanish, despite the concept and instruments being translated into that language on the CanChild website.

In Brazil, the term and the instruments were translated into Portuguese and published in journals, representing the beginning of scientific production. We believe that, from the translation into the country, access to the theme and content will be facilitated and, consequently, more used by researchers and professionals. Despite this, we observed that the translation into Brazilian Portuguese is not yet used in the articles since the titles and abstracts maintain the term “F-Words” to refer to this concept. In this sense, as it is the first denomination on the subject and is in English, considered a world language, the use of the term may be universal.

In the articles in Portuguese, the results showed that the production of Minhas Palavras Favoritas is recent, so the translation was published in 2021. This demonstrates how much the topic can still be discussed and disseminated in the country. All the first authors of the Brazilian articles have initial training in physical therapy and are part of postgraduate programs in the area. Thus, it is understood that this is the core of knowledge that was initially conducted. However, it is necessary to consider that the concept can be applied by all rehabilitation professionals. Therefore, it is necessary to expand knowledge to other areas of health.

Other results showed the concentration of scientific publications in Canada (Soper et al., 2019). Understanding that the concept was developed by researchers from a research group in that country, the large number of Canadian articles is considered natural and expected, since they are the first to study the subject and disseminate knowledge so that it can be expanded.

The predominance of production also takes place in the country in question, represented by a group of researchers who are members of CanChild, characterized as collective work and collaborative networks of the authors. Dias et al. (2019) reported that Brazilian researchers who work or have training in the same area tend to work in collaboration, which can happen with high frequency. They also indicate that collaborative work has increased over the years and that this form of work allows for greater publication productivity for study groups.

Dias et al. (2019) also talk about how collaboration networks are becoming denser in recent years so that they reach greater vectors of relationships. Furthermore, it is common in Brazil for collaborative networks to be present in study groups registered in the CNPq Directory of Research Groups.

This integrative review did not find articles that had the practical application of F-Words as a method. This is a relatively new concept that is still in the phase of dissemination, translation, and reflection on the subject, given the number of studies with this characteristic. We believe that new studies will come with data of the practical application, as it is necessary to continue the referrals for the expansion of F-Words.

It is understood the importance of establishing the translation of knowledge in the different countries where the translation of the concept has already been carried out. The translation of knowledge helps the passage from the theoretical concept to use in practice, allowing the information to reach all those interested in the subject (Cross et al., 2015).

Also, the use in the practice of rehabilitation professionals needs to be unified and multidisciplinary since several professionals work with the same child. It is indicated that a training process is developed for these professionals, aiming at the knowledge of the concept, the objectives, and possible practical applications (Soper et al., 2020). In addition, rehabilitation professionals must have ownership of the client-based practice to use F-Words, which is demonstrated by Vaz et al. (2017) as a practical difficulty.

In addition to training courses, Soper et al. (2020) indicated that there are professionals, at an international level, who use F-words in practice and obtained positive reports about the concept; Faigenbaum et al. (2020) conducted practical research and demonstrated that children with disabilities benefited from practice using the F-words.

It is possible to observe the potential of implementing F-Words in clinical practice. Cross et al. (2015) disseminated the F-words through information videos for rehabilitation professionals and family members of children with disabilities and obtained a result of the approval of the words by the participants and their interest in using them in rehabilitation sessions. Soper et al. (2020) conducted interviews with professionals who had access to F-words and found that they used the words. However, they pointed out some difficulties that still need to be worked out with the rehabilitation team.

Final Considerations

The objective of this study was achieved as it managed to gather 11 articles on F-Words and describe and reflect on the study methods used so far, the results found, and how it is possible to continue in scientific production.

The concept is still new and its level of dissemination has gradually increased over the years, which may be one of the reasons for the low scientific production in countries outside the research core of its creators. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of continuing the production on the subject and expanding the clinical practice of rehabilitation professionals.

• How to cite: Bagatini, B., Rezende, V. C., & Martinez, C. M. S. (2022). Scientific productions on the F-Words in the field of child rehabilitation: an integrative review. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 30, e3231. https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAR247132312

Referências

• Badia, M., Longo, E., Orgaz, M. B., & Gómez-Vela, M. (2013). The influence of participation in leisure activities on quality of life in Spanish children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(9), 2864-2871.
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Edited by

Section editor

Prof. Dr. Nilson Rogerio Silva

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  19 Sept 2022
• Date of issue
  2022

History

• Received
  19 Dec 2021
• Reviewed
  08 Feb 2022
• Reviewed
  03 May 2022
• Accepted
  21 June 2022