BRS Progresso - Rye cultivar

CULTIVAR RELEASE

BRS Progresso - Rye cultivar

Alfredo do Nascimento Junior^*; Eduardo Caierão; Claudia De Mori

Embrapa Trigo, Rodovia BR 285, km 294, CP 451, 99.001-970, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil

ABSTRACT

The rye cultivar BRS Progresso, developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), is the result of a synthetic cross of 18 open-pollinated, self-incompatible lines, resistant to stem rust.

Key words: Secale cereale, stem rust, grain yield

INTRODUCTION

In Brazil, the area used for rye cultivation was continuously 2, 300 hectares (IBGE2012) between 2010 and 2012. However, the total area may be close to 8, 000hectares since the rye fields in the States of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Suland Santa Catarina were not included in the official estimates.

Rye cultivationincreased from the 1950s, with yields of 710 kg ha^-1, to 966 kg ha^-1, in the 1990s, reaching 1, 164 kg ha^-1 in the first decade of 2000.The estimated production of 1, 774 kg ha^-1 in the 2012 growing seasonis a record yield. The mean annual gain from 1990 to 2012 was 18.8 kg ha^-1year^-1 (De Mori et al. 2013).

The advance in grain yield may result from efforts initiated in the 1970s, rescuingand preserving cultivated populations; new combinations, selections andgenotype tests were performed, culminating in the release of BR 1 in 1986, byEmbrapa, which was the first rye cultivar in Brazil. Three other rye cultivarswere registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply: IPR89, BRS Serrano and Temprano, of which the latter two, because of the largeproduction of forage dry matter, are destined for animal feed (De Mori et al.2013).

Due to the nutritional value of rye, De Mori et al. (2013) encouraged that this cerealbe promoted as a contribution to the Brazilian diet, suggesting changes in theBrazilian legislation that foresees the adoption of a standard concentration ofrye flour in rye bread. This initiative could result in a stimulus for aresumption of the crop. Aside from baking, the feasibility of rye flour fornoodle production was demonstrated by Kaminski et al. (2011), both in terms oftechnological and sensory characteristics, as well as in the functionality ofnutrient aggregates.

To meet the demand for more productive and stable materials, the new rye cultivar BRS Progresso with moderate stem rust resistance was developed in several studies.

PEDIGREE AND BREEDING METHOD

A synthetic cross with 18 rye lines resistant to stem rust (open-pollinated linesand with obligatory, self-incompatibility system) was conducted in 2003. Thelines were sown in double rows, each 3 m long, and harvested in bulk at the endof the cycle. All harvested seeds were sown in 2004, without liming, atextremely high levels of toxic aluminum (on average 35 mmolc dm^-3)and high acidity in the surface soil layer (mean pH 4.7 in water, pH 4.8 SMPand base saturation “V%” 12%), and no fungicide treatment was performed duringplant development. Frequent selections after tillering were performed in thepopulation, by marking plants with higher tolerance to soil acidity and lowersusceptibility to stem rust, with frequent elimination of plants sensitive toacidity and susceptible to stem rust.

Of the selected plants, one ear per plant was harvested and threshed separately. Inthe summer of 2005, five seeds per ear were phenotypically evaluated in ahydroponic solution with an aluminum (Al³⁺) concentration of 10 mg L^-1.This characterization was used to discriminate the plants, with subsequentelimination of the seeds of aluminum-susceptible plants. The remaining seeds ofthe selected plants, with higher tolerance to aluminum in solution, wereevaluated again and selected for grain quality. The seeds of the selectedplants (non-eliminated ears) were mixed and sown in winter 2005, allowing freepollination and then harvested in bulk, in the same area without aciditycorrection. In 2006, the population was designated PFS 0605, stabilized throughnew reproductive cycles between 2006 and 2008, assessed in tests of Value forCultivation and Use (VCU) between 2006 and 2011, and evaluated for severalagronomic traits, as of 2006.

PERFORMANCE

The rye cultivar BRS Progresso is tolerant to harmful soil acidity, easily adaptable toacid soils, resistant to the yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), the soilborne wheatmosaic virus (SBWMV), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and bacteriosis(Xanthomonas translucens pv. secalis and Pseudomonas syringae);it is moderately resistant to stem rust (Puccinia graminis sp. secalis), moderately susceptible to leaf spot (Bipolaris sorokiniana, Drechslera spp. and Stagonospora nodorum), and is susceptible to blast (Magnaportheoryzae) and head blight or scab (Fusarium graminearum).

BRS Progresso is diploid, has a median cycle length (60 to 75 days from emergenceto heading and 125-145 days until maturity), and high plant height (152 cm inPasso Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul). The waxiness of the flag leaf is very weak andthat of the ears low to medium.

The moderate stem rust resistance, grain quality and test weight meeting marketrequirements make BRS Progresso outstanding among the other cultivars, allowingcultivation in different production systems in southern Brazil.

In the trials of Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) for grain yield (kg ha^-1), with fungicide treatment, BRS Progresso exceeded the mean of the two bestcontrols, BR 1 and IPR 89, by 9.9 %, with a mean grain yield of 2, 898 kg ha^-1, at 14 locations in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná and São Paulo.

In view of the performance of BRS Progresso, the similar climate and rye cultivation inSanta Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil) and Paraná, Mato Grossodo Sul and São Paulo (South Central Region) and growing technologies currentlyavailable to farmers, this cultivar was registered on 08/30/2013 by theBrazilian Registry of Cultivars - RNC, labelled number 31120, for marketingaimed at grain production in all southern and central - southern wheat growingregions of Brazil (RS, SC, PR, MS and SP) under rainfed cultivation in the coldseason.

The grains of BRS Progresso can be used in food and feed and flour extracted fromthe grains can be used for bread, cookies and pasta.

SEED MAINTENANCE AND DISTRIBUTION

Embrapa is in charge of providing foundation seed of BRS Progresso by the Business Service for Technology Transfer of Embrapa and certified seed in partnership with associate producers.

Received 22 November 2013

Accepted 25 February 2014

• De Mori C, Nascimento Junior A and Miranda MZ (2013) Aspectos econômicos e conjunturaisda cultura do centeio Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 26p. (Documentos Online, 142).
• IBGE (2012) SistemaIBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA Available at <http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=t&o=10&i=P&c=1612>Accessed on 20 June, 2013.
• Kaminski TA, Silva LP, Nascimento Junior A and Ferrão TS (2011) Atributos nutricionais, tecnológicos e sensoriais de macarrões de centeio. Brazilian Journal of FoodTechnology 14: 137-144.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  25 Nov 2014
• Date of issue
  Oct 2014

History

• Received
  22 Nov 2013
• Accepted
  25 Feb 2014