Pollen morphological analysis of papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.)

Zhang, Yanfang; Xiong, Yueming; Liu, Youjie; Huang, Xiongfeng

doi:10.1590/1984-70332021v21n3a47

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ARTICLE • Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 21 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332021v21n3a47 copy

Pollen morphological analysis of papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

There is little information on pollen morphological analysis of papaya cultivars with different flesh color and origins. We observed pollen morphological characters of 17 papaya cultivars through scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that papaya pollen grains were monads, tricolporate, and small and medium-sized. The pollen grains were oblate-spheroidal to spheroidal. Foveolate, reticulate, and fossulate exine ornamentation were observed. Colpi width had maximum coefficient of variation of 25%; Shannon diversity index of all qualitative characters reached over 0.8. Using cluster analysis, 17 papaya cultivars were divided into three groups; there was no relationship between flesh colors and origins. The study findings suggest that pollen morphological analysis is valuable to provide references for breeding and genetic improvement of papaya.

Keywords:
Cluster analysis; genetic diversity; papaya; pollen; scanning electron microscope

No.	Accession name	Origin	Flesh color	Polar axis length (P, μm)	Equatorial axis length (E, μm)	P/E	Pollen shape	Pollen size	Colpi length (μm)	Colpi width (μm)
1	Indigenous Guangxi papaya	Guangxi, China	Yellow	23.46±0.87	24.03±0.76	0.976	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	19.04	1.83
2	Golden	Brazil	Yellow	23.51±0.68	24.12±0.67	0.975	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	18.31	2.07
3	Hongxiu	Known-you Seed Co., Ltd	Red	25.73±0.46	26.07±0.54	0.987	Oblate-spheroidal	Medium	21.76	1.97
4	Jindu No.1	Zhuhai Nongfu Seed Co., Ltd, China	Red	22.77±0.62	24.49±0.71	0.907	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	18.56	2.21
5	Indigenous Jiexiang papaya	Jiexiang Country, Ruili City, Yunnan, China	Red	24.98±0.39	25.48±0.53	0.980	Oblate-spheroidal	Medium	21.04	2.36
6	American papaya	USA	Yellow	23.78±0.75	24.15±0.37	0.985	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	18.63	2.35
7	Indigenous Hansha papaya	Hansha Country, Ruili City, Yunnan, China	Red	22.93±0.79	23.72±0.51	0.967	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	19.37	2.62
8	One-foot papaya	Malaysia	Red	26.16±0.54	26.88±0.63	0.973	Oblate-spheroidal	Medium	20.42	2.41
9	Red lady	Known-you Seed Co., Ltd	Red	27.13±0.41	27.02±0.33	1.004	Spheroidal	Medium	22.5	2.86
10	Hongri No. 2	Guangdong, China	Red	23.51±0.66	24.07±0.54	0.977	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	20.71	1.07
11	Solo	Hawaii	Yellow	24.82±0.46	26.04±0.58	0.953	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	18.53	3.42
12	Sunrise	Hawaii	Red	25.07±0.81	26.73±0.42	0.937	Oblate-spheroidal	Medium	21.95	2.75
13	Indigenous Quanzhou papaya	Quanzhou City, Fujian, China	Yellow	23.52±0.65	25.17±0.77	0.934	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	19.3	3.42
14	Indigenous Meizhou papaya	Meizhou City, Guangdong, China	Yellow	23.27±0.49	24.56±0.62	0.947	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	19.17	1.8
15	Malaysia No.10	Malaysia	Red	24.19±0.73	24.54±0.22	0.986	Oblate-spheroidal	Small	22.3	1.79
16	Malaysia No. 7	Malaysia	Yellow	25.22±0.59	25.76±0.19	0.896	Oblate-spheroidal	Medium	20.9	2.4
17	Indigenous Myanmar papaya	Myanmar	Red	25.78±0.62	26.69±0.81	0.966	Oblate-spheroidal	Medium	19.54	3.01

Quantitative characters	Range	Mean	Standard deviation	Coefficient of variation (%)
Polar axis length (P, μm)	22.77-27.13	24.46	1.23	5.0
Equatorial axis length (E, μm)	23.72-27.02	25.27	1.11	4.4
Ratio of polar axis length to equatorial axis length (P/E)	0.896-1.00	0.96	0.03	2.9
Colpi length (μm)	18.31-22.50	20.12	1.38	6.9
Colpi width (μm)	1.07-3.42	2.37	0.59	25.0

Qualitative characters	Shannon diversity index	Coding frequency (%)
Qualitative characters	Shannon diversity index	1	2	3
Aperture membrane	1.018	Finely granulate 0.235	Granulate 0.235	Coarsely granulate 0.530
Exine ornamentation	0.874	Foveolate 0.647	Reticulate 0.118	Fossulate 0.235
Ridge width on tectum	1.037	Narrow 0.176	Medium 0.412	Wide 0.412
Ridge depth on tectum	0.804	Shallow 0.706	Medium 0.118	Deep 0.176
Foveola size	0.894	Small 0.648	Medium 0.176	Large 0.176
Foveola density	1.037	Few 0.412	Medium 0.412	Abundant 0.176

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