The article postulates the necessity of an affirmative conception on teaching and critically analyses some conceptions considered negative according to teaching as transmission of knowledge. In this way, the article supports that the "New School" and Constructivism establish a dichotomy between the transmission of knowledge by the teacher and the effort for intellectual autonomy by the learner, leaving teaching in a secondary place and depriving the teachers role of its characteristics. The article still analyses some postulates defended by Vigotski and his followers, which read to an opposite direction, far from those ideas defended by the "New School" and Constructivism.