A study of packing parameters that influence the fresh properties of self-compacting concrete

Melo, C. V. A. de; Gomes, P. C. C.; Moraes, K. A. M.

doi:10.1590/0366-69132019653752667

C. V. A. de Melo ^* * cassiamelo@ctec.ufal.br

Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Materials Doctoral Program, LEMA, Maceió, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-5998

P. C. C. Gomes

Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Civil Engineering, LEMA, Maceió, Brazil

K. A. M. Moraes

Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Civil Engineering, LEMA, Maceió, Brazil

* cassiamelo@ctec.ufal.br

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Figure 1
Particle size distribution curves for fine (a) and coarse (b) aggregates.

Figura 1
Curvas granulométricas de agregados miúdos (a) e graúdos (b).

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Figure 2
Particle size distribution curves for marble and granite waste and cement CPII F-32.

Figura 2
Curvas granulométricas do resíduo de beneficiamento de mármore e granito e do cimento CPII F-32.

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Figure 3
Particle size distributions curves with the fine aggregate combinations: a) F and M; b) M; and c) F.

Figura 3
Curvas de distribuição granulométrica com as combinações de agregados miúdos: a) F e M; b) M; e c) F.

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Figure 4
Images of concretes after slump flow test: a) CMG12G19; b) CFMG12G19; c) CFG12G19; and d) CFG19.

Figura 4
Imagens de concretos após ensaio de slump flow: a) CMG12G19; b) CFMG12G19; c) CFG12G19; e d) CFG19.

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Figure 5
Images of concretes after L-box test: a) CMG12G19; b) CFMG12G19; c) CFG12G19; and d) CFG19.

Figura 5
Imagens de concretos após ensaio de caixa-L: a) CMG12G19; b) CFMG12G19; c) CFG12G19; e d) CFG19.

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Figure 6
Cumulative particle size distribution curve and coefficients q-value and R2 of non-linear adjustment (Alfred model) for concrete mixture CFG12 (a), CFG19 (b), CMG12 (c), CMG19 (d), CFG12G19 (e), CMG12G19 (f), CFMG12 (g), CFMG19 (h), and CFMG12G19 (i).

Figura 6
Curva de distribuição granulométrica acumulada e coeficientes q e R2 do ajuste não linear (modelo de Alfred) para a mistura de concreto CFG12 (a), CFG19 (b), CMG12 (c), CMG19 (d), CFG12G19 (e), CMG12G19 (f), CFMG12 (g), CFMG19 (h) e CFMG12G19 (i).

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Table I
Reference parameters for SCC mixtures (1 m³) ³3 P. Billberg, “Self-compacting concrete for civil engineering structures: the Swedish experience”, S.C.C.R.1 (1999).^{)- (}⁵5 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L. Agulló , L. Bernard , Cem. Hormigón 832 (2002) 30.^{), (}⁷7 F. De Larrard, in 3rd Rilem Int. Symp. Rheology Cement Suspens. Fresh Concr. (1999).^{)- (}¹⁴14 K.A. Melo, A.M.P. Carneiro, Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (2010) 1529..

Tabela I
Parâmetros de referência de misturas de CAA (1 m³) ³3 P. Billberg, “Self-compacting concrete for civil engineering structures: the Swedish experience”, S.C.C.R.1 (1999).^{)- (}⁵5 P.C.C. Gomes , R. Gettu , L. Agulló , L. Bernard , Cem. Hormigón 832 (2002) 30.^{), (}⁷7 F. De Larrard, in 3rd Rilem Int. Symp. Rheology Cement Suspens. Fresh Concr. (1999).^{)- (}¹⁴14 K.A. Melo, A.M.P. Carneiro, Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (2010) 1529..

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Table II
Characteristics of aggregates.

Tabela II
Características dos agregados.

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Table III
Aggregate gradations and properties; adapted from ²³23 R.S. Monteiro, P.C.C. Gomes , K.A. Melo , in IV Congr. Ibero-Am. Betão Auto-Compact., BAC2015 (2015) 205..

Tabela III
Graduações e propriedades de agregados; adaptado de ²³23 R.S. Monteiro, P.C.C. Gomes , K.A. Melo , in IV Congr. Ibero-Am. Betão Auto-Compact., BAC2015 (2015) 205..

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Table IV
Dosage and reference parameters of SCC.

Tabela IV
Parâmetros de referência e de dosagem de CAA.

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Table V
Results of the self-compactability tests and classes in accordance with the NBR 15823:2017 ¹⁷17 NBR 15823-1, “Concreto autoadensável - parte 1: classificação, controle e aceitação no estado fresco”, Ass. Bras. Norm. Técn., Rio Janeiro (2017).^{), (}¹⁹19 NBR 15823-2, “Concreto autoadensável - parte 2: determinação do espalhamento e tempo de escoamento - método do cone de Abrans”, Ass. Bras. Norm. Técn., Rio Janeiro (2017).^{)- (}²¹21 NBR 15823-5, “Concreto autoadensável: parte 5: determinação da viscosidade -método do funil V”, Ass. Bras. Norm. Técn., Rio Janeiro (2017)..

Tabela V
Resultados de ensaios e classes de autoadensabilidade conforme NBR 15823:2017 ¹⁷17 NBR 15823-1, “Concreto autoadensável - parte 1: classificação, controle e aceitação no estado fresco”, Ass. Bras. Norm. Técn., Rio Janeiro (2017).^{), (}¹⁹19 NBR 15823-2, “Concreto autoadensável - parte 2: determinação do espalhamento e tempo de escoamento - método do cone de Abrans”, Ass. Bras. Norm. Técn., Rio Janeiro (2017).^{)- (}²¹21 NBR 15823-5, “Concreto autoadensável: parte 5: determinação da viscosidade -método do funil V”, Ass. Bras. Norm. Técn., Rio Janeiro (2017)..

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Table VI
Packing details of the concretes and aggregates grading distributions and self-compactability parameters.

Tabela VI
Detalhes de empacotamentos de distribuições granulométricas de agregados e de concretos e parâmetros de autoadensabilidade.

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(A)

Table I Reference parameters for SCC mixtures (1 m3) 3)- (5), (7)- (14.

Parameter	Interval
Cement (kg/m³)	200-475
Fines’ mass (kg/m³)	400-687
Paste content per cubic meter of concrete (%)	35-42
Coarse aggregate mass (kg/m³)	750-920
Fine aggregate mass (kg/m³)	710-900
Coarse aggregate volume (m³)	28-35
Coarse aggregate volume/total aggregate volume (m³/m³)	0.44-0.65
Fine aggregate volume/total aggregate volume (m³/m³)	0.36-0.60
Fine aggregate volume/mortar volume (m³/m³)	40-50
Fines content, <2.50 mm (%/m³)	19.5-24.5

Table II Characteristics of aggregates.

Property	G12	G19	M	F
Specific gravity (kg/m³)	2710	2670	2630	2620
Loose unit weight (kg/mm³)	1380	1420	1440	1530
Maximum size (mm)	12.5	19.0	2.4	1.2
Fineness modulus	6.07	6.78	2.69	1.73

Table III Aggregate gradations and properties; adapted from 23.

Combination	Aggregate composition (%)				Physical property
	Fine aggregate		Coarse aggregate		Mean void content (%)	Standard deviation of void ontent (%)	Mu (kg/m³)
	F	M	G12	G19	Mean void content (%)	Standard deviation of void ontent (%)	Mu (kg/m³)
FG12	45.0	-	55.0	-	30.1	0.23	1866.3
FG19	45.0	-	-	55.0	27.6	0.44	1917.0
MG12	-	50.0	50.0	-	34.7	0.12	1743.5
MG19	-	45.0	-	55.0	31.3	0.20	1822.4
FMG12	23.0	27.0	50.0	-	33.6	0.38	1767.7
FMG19	23.0	27.0	-	50.0	30.9	0.32	1822.9
FG12G19	45.0	-	25.0	30.0	31.9	0.13	1804.5
MG12G19	-	40.0	27.0	33.0	32.6	0.23	1796.3
FMG12G19	22.0	28.0	22.0	28.0	32.1	0.27	1803.4

Table IV Dosage and reference parameters of SCC.

Parameter	Material	CFG12	CFG19	CMG12	CMG19	CFMG12	CFMG19	CFG12G19	CMG12G19	CFMG12G19
Range of aggregates
Mam 710-900 (kg/m³)	Fine sand (F)	723	716	-	-	368	365	717	-	351
Mam 710-900 (kg/m³)	Medium sand (M)	-	-	801	717	432	429	-	639	446
Mag 750-920 (kg/m³)	Crushed gravel 12.5 (G12)	881	-	801	-	800	-	399	432	351
Mag 750-920 (kg/m³)	Crushed gravel 19.0 (G19)	-	873	-	874	-	794	478	527	446
Reference parameter (RP)
Vag/Vat 0.44-0.65 (m³/m³)		0.54	0.55	0.50	0.55	0.50	0.50	0.54	0.60	0.52
Vam/Vat 0.35-0.60 (m³/m³)		0.46	0.45	0.50	0.45	0.50	0.50	0.46	0.40	0.48
Vag/Vc 28-35 (%/m³)		32	33	30	33	33	30	33	36	30
Vam/Varg 40-50 (%/m³)		44	44	47	44	44	43	41	38	46

Table V Results of the self-compactability tests and classes in accordance with the NBR 15823:2017 17), (19)- (21.

Concrete	D_f (mm)	Class SF	VSI	Class VSI	TFV (s)	Class VF	Box L, H2/H1 (mm)	Class HP
CFG12	685.0	SF2^a	1	Stable	22	VF2^d	0.50 (block)	One should obtain PL2≥0.80
CFG19	775.0	SF3^b	2	Unstable	16^c	VF2^d	0.78 (block)
CMG12	740.0	SF2^a	0	Highly stable	12	VF2^d	1.0
CMG19	790.0	SF3^b	3	Highly unstable	6	VF1^e	0.50 (block)
CFMG12	750.0	SF2^a	0	Highly stable	4	VF1^e	1.0
CFMG19	815.0	SF2^a	0	Highly stable	6	VF1^e	1.0
CFG12G19	790.0	SF3^b	2	Unstable	4	VF1^e	>0.80 (block)
CMG12G19	785.0	SF3^b	3	Highly unstable	6	VF1^e	0.50 (block)
CFMG12G19	765.0	SF3^b	0	Highly stable	6	VF1^e	1.0

Table VI Packing details of the concretes and aggregates grading distributions and self-compactability parameters.

Parameter	CFG19	CFG12	CFMG19	CMG19	CFG12G19	CFMG12G19	CMG12G19	CFMG12	CMG12
q	0.152	0.194	0.184	0.126	0.174	0.201	0.238	0.219	0.253
R²	0.9789	0.9837	0.9863	0.9656	0.9850	0.9900	0.9874	0.9906	0.9894
I_V (%)	27.6	30.1	30.9	31.3	31.9	32.1	32.6	33.6	34.7
DPCF	G	G	G	G	G	S	G	S	S
PCA (%)	55	55	50	55	55	50	60	50	50
DG	D	D	D	D	D	C	C	C	C
VSI	2	1	0	3	2	0	3	0	0
HP	N	N	A	N	N	A	N	A	A

[1] * cassiamelo@ctec.ufal.br

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A study of packing parameters that influence the fresh properties of self-compacting concrete

Um estudo de parâmetros de empacotamento que influenciam as propriedades no estado fresco do concreto autoadensável

Abstract