Thermodynamics and microstructural analysis are of utmost importance to choose the best refractory lining for molten steel containers. In order to extend ladle lining life, thermodynamically stable oxides, such as alumina and magnesia, are essential. At higher temperatures, the in-situ reaction between these two oxides leads to the formation of spinel, which has an outstanding corrosion resistance. Due to this reaction, alumina-magnesia castables are liable to a great volume expansion. Because of this, controlling the spinel formation is fundamental to keep the integrity of the material. The extent to which this reaction affects the properties of these castables depends on the matrix raw materials. Considering this aspect, the aim of this study is to design a residual expansion based on previously engineered microstructure. Consequently, the association of chemical resistance and an excellent toughening mechanism can be attained, resulting in materials with better performance.
refractory castables; spinel; expansion
