The relation between natural vegetation and climatic availability in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Buriol, Galileo Adeli; Estefanel, Valduino; Chagas, Álvaro Chagas de; Kuinchtner, Angélica

doi:10.5902/1980509812382

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Artigo • Ciênc. Florest. 29 (1) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509812382 copy

The relation between natural vegetation and climatic availability in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The climate of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is humid temperate, conditions of natural vegetation of the kind called temperate or deciduous forest. However, in approximately 46.6% of its area the vegetation is country. Thus, in this study, we tried to corroborate in order to better understand the relationships between climatic conditions and the natural vegetation of RS state. To do so, the natural vegetation of RS was related to the climatic availability. Twelve phytoclimatic models and three climatic classifications were used. For the calculation of the models and the classification in the climatic classifications, the averages of the monthly and annual totals of the rainfall and potential evapotranspiration were used, the means, average of the maximum and average of the monthly and annual minimum of the air temperatures and the monthly averages and of the soil water deficiencies and excesses of 41 meteorological stations, period 1931-1960, and also the monthly averages of the global solar radiation of 25 meteorological stations, period 1957-1984. From the results obtained for all the meteorological stations used, the climatic availabilities of the state are characteristics of natural vegetation formation of the forest type. Thus, considering that about 46.3% of the state’s natural vegetation is of the country type, it is concluded that other factors, in addition to the climate, interfere and/or have interfered in the formation of vegetation in Rio Grande do Sul state.

Keywords:
Phytogeography; Forest; Field; Climate

Tabela 1 Modelos fitoclimáticos utilizados para relacionar a vegetação natural do estado do Rio Grande do Sul com as disponibilidades climáticas.

Modelo	Equação	Modelo	Equação
Lang (1915LANG, R. Versuch eiver exakten Klassifikation der böden in Klimatischer und geologischer Hinsicht. International Mitt. für Bdenkunde, Stuttgart, n. 8, v. 7, p. 312-346, 1915.)	$\begin{matrix} I \\ L \end{matrix} = \frac{P}{T}$	Miller (1966MILLER, A. A. Climatologia. 3. ed. Barcelona: Ediciones Omega, 1966. 379 p.) (Equação 1)	$P = \frac{T}{S}$
Martonne (1926MARTONNE, E. Une nouvelle fonction climatologique: l’indice d’aridité. La Météorologie, Paris, p. 449-459, 1926.)	$\begin{matrix} I \\ M \end{matrix} = \frac{P}{(T + 10)}$	Miller (1966MILLER, A. A. Climatologia. 3. ed. Barcelona: Ediciones Omega, 1966. 379 p.) (Equação 2)	$P = (3 \frac{T}{4}) - 12$
Koeppen (1931KOEPPEN, W. Grundriss der Klimakunde. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1931. 288 p.)	$P = 2 T + 14$	Thornthwaite e Hare (1955THORNTHWAITE, C. W.; MATHER, J. R. Water balance. Climatology, New Jersey, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1-104, 1955.)	$I m = I h - 0,6 I a$
Thornthwaite (1931THORNTHWAITE, C. W. The climates of North according to a new classification. The Geographical Review, p. 633-655, 1931.)	$(P - E) = \frac{(11,5 P)}{{(T - 10)}^{(\frac{9}{10})}}$	Índice hídrico	$I h = 100 . (\frac{(E x c)}{(E T P)})$
Thornthwaite (1931THORNTHWAITE, C. W. The climates of North according to a new classification. The Geographical Review, p. 633-655, 1931.)	$(T - E) = \frac{(T - 32)}{4}$	Índice de aridez	$I a = 100 . (\frac{(D e f)}{(E T P)})$
Lauer (1952LAUER, W. Von Humide und aride Jahreszeiten in Afrika und Südamerica und ihre Beziehung zu den Vegetationsgürteln. Bonner geographische Abhanalungen, Hyft, v. 9, p. 83, 1952.)	$P = 2 t + 10$	*Bergamaschi et al. (2003*BERGAMASCHI, H. et al. Clima da estação experimental da UFRGS (e região de abrangência). Porto Alegre: UFRGS, 2003. 77 p.)	$R n = 18,81 + 0,69 R g$

Tabela 2 Coordenadas geográficas das estações meteorológicas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul utilizadas, 41 pertencentes ao 8º Distrito de Meteorologia - 8º DISME do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia - INMET e 25 pertencentes à Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária - FEPAGRO.

Estação	Latitude(S)	Longitude (W)	Altitude (m)	Estação	Latitude (S)	Longitude (W)	Altitude (m)
Estações do 8º DISME				Santana Livramento	30º53’18”	55º31’56”	210
Iraí	27º11’45”	53º14’01”	227	Dom Pedrito	30º58’57”	54º39’56”	140
Marcelino Ramos	27º27’40”	51º54’22”	383	Bagé	31º20’13”	54º06’21”	216
Santa Rosa	27º51’50”	54º25’59”	360	Piratini	31º26’54”	53º06’09”	345
Palmeira das Missões	27º53’55	53º26’45”	634	Pelotas	31º45’00”	52º21’00”	7
Passo Fundo	28º15’39”	52º24’33”	678	Rio Grande	32º01’44”	52º05’40”	8
Santo Ângelo	28º18’14”	54º15’52”	289	Jaguarão	32º33’32”	53º23’20”	11
São Luiz Gonzaga	28º23’53”	54º58’18”	254	Sta Vitória do Palmar	33º31’14”	53º21’47”	6
Lagoa Vermelha	28º25’35”	51º35’51”	805	Estações da FEPAGRO
Vacaria	28º33’00”	50º42’21”	955	Erexim	27º37’45”	52º16’33”	760
Cruz Alta	28°38’21”	53°36’34”	473	Santo Augusto	27º54’16”	53º45’14”	380
São Borja	28º39’44”	56º00’15”	73	Passo Fundo	28º15’41”	52º24’45”	709
Bom Jesus	28º40’10”	50º26’25”	1 047	Ijuí	28º23’17”	53º54’50”	448
Guaporé	28º55’44”	51º54’45”	450	Vacaria	28º30’09”	50º56’12”	955
Soledade	29º03’14”	52º26’00”	720	Cruz Alta	28°38’21	53°36’34	473
Itaqui	29º07’10”	56º32’52”	53	São Borja	28º39’44”	56º00’44”	99
Bento Gonçalves	29º10’00”	51º25’00”	619	Júlio de Castilhos	29º13’26”	53º40’45”	514
Caxias do Sul	29º10’25”	51º12’21”	740	Veranópolis	28º56’14”	51º33’11”	705
Santiago	29º11’00”	54º53’10”	426	Alegrete	29°46’59”	55°46’59	96
Júlio de Castilhos	29º13’26”	53º40’45”	516	Farroupilha	29º14’30”	51º26’20”	702
São Francisco de Paula	29º20’00”	50º31’21”	912	Osório	29º40’49”	50º13’56”	32
Torres	29º20’34”	49º43’39”	43	Santa Maria	29º41’24”	53º48’42”	153
Santa Maria	29º41’25”	53º48’42”	138	Uruguaiana	29º45’23”	57º05’37”	74
Uruguaiana	29º45’23”	57º05’12”	69	Taquari	29º48’15”	51º49’30”	76
Santa Cruz do Sul	29º43’05”	52º25’45”	56	Tramandaí	29º56’22”	50º30’12”	3
Taquara	29º45’00”	50º45’00”	29	Cachoeirinha	29°57’36	51°04’22	4
Alegrete	29º46’47”	55º47’15”	116	Guaíba	30º05’52”	51º39’08”	46
Taquari	29º48’15”	51º49’30”	76	São Gabriel	30º20’27”	54º19’01”	109
Porto Alegre	30º01’53”	51º01’53”	10	Quaraí	30º23’17”	56º26’53”	100
Cachoeira do Sul	30º02’45”	52º53’39”	72	Encruzilhada do Sul	30º32’35”	52º31’20”	420
São Gabriel	30º20’27”	54º19’01”	124	Santana do Livramento	30º53’18”	55º31’56”	210
Caçapava do Sul	30º30’32”	53º29’22”	450	Bagé	31º20’14”	54º05’59”	214
Encruzilhada do Sul	30º32’35”	52º31’20”	420	Rio Grande	32º01’02”	52º09’32”	16
Tapes	30º50’00”	30º50’00”	5	Jaguarão	32º33’32”	53º23’20”	11

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