Limestone and topdress nitrogen application improves the quality of <i>Peltophorum dubium</i> (Sprengel) Taubert (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae) seedlings

Zuffo, Alan Mario; Steiner, Fábio; Busch, Aécio; Aguilera, Jorge González; Alvarez, Rita de Cassia Felix

doi:10.5902/1980509837974

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Artigos • Ciênc. Florest. 31 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509837974 copy

Limestone and topdress nitrogen application improves the quality of Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae) seedlings

Aplicação de calcário e de nitrogênio em cobertura melhora a qualidade das mudas de Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The liming and mineral fertilization can improve the growth and quality of forest species seedlings. The effects of the application of nitrogen fertilizer rates and limestone on growth and quality of Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert seedlings were investigated in this study. Peltophorum dubium plants were grown in 1.4-L polyethylene bags filled with sandy soil under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial: four of N application rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm^-3) and application or non-application of limestone, with four replicates. The plant height, stem diameter, height/diameter ratio and number of leaves were measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after emergence. At 120 days, root volume, shoot and root dry matter, N accumulation in shoots, shoot/root dry matter ratio, and Dickson quality index was also measured. The results reported that limestone and N fertilizer application have a positive effect on most of the growth and quality traits of Peltophorum dubium seedlings, and when Peltophorum dubium seedlings are produced in a substrate consisting of a sandy soil from Brazilian Cerrado, the limestone application and use of 200 mg N dm^-3 in topdressing should be recommended to obtain high-quality seedlings.

Keywords:
Canafistula; Dickson quality index; Liming; Nitrogen fertilization

Soil properties	pH	P_Mehlich-1	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H+Al	OM
Soil properties	pH	mg dm^-3	cmol_cdm^-3					g kg^-1
Before liming	4.6	8.30	0.05	1.30	0.20	0.31	3.30	11.1
After liming	5.9	10.70	0.08	2.20	0.70	0.00	1.02	12.7

Sources of variation	Probability > F¹
Sources of variation	30 DAE	60 DAE	90 DAE	120 DAE	30 DAE	60 DAE	90 DAE	120 DAE
	----- Plant height (PH) ------				----- Stem diameter (SD) ---
Limestone (L)	0.015	0.031	0.235	0.229	0.024	<0.001	0.026	<0.001
Nitrogen rates (N)	0.217	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.598	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
L × N	0.684	0.315	0.554	0.280	0.737	0.206	0.156	0.065
CV (%)	13.37	10.89	5.02	9.35	16.90	8.90	20.20	7.65
	----- Height/diameter ratio (PH/SD) -----				----- Number of leaves -----
Limestone (L)	0.599	0.599	0.599	0.599	<0.001	0.004	0.020	0.069
Nitrogen rates (N)	0.550	0.550	0.550	0.550	0.456	<0.001	0.040	0.090
L × N	0.459	0.459	0.459	0.459	0.569	0.754	0.154	0.409
CV (%)	9.30	9.30	9.30	9.30	3.63	4.53	4.55	8.69
Sources of variation			Probability > F¹
Sources of variation			-------- 120 DAE --------
			N accumulation in shoots		Root volume (RV)		Root dry matter (RDM)
Limestone (L)			0.872		0.147		<0.001
Nitrogen rates (N)			<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
L × N			0.280		0.427		0.398
CV (%)			19.63		10.48		8.29
			Shoot dry matter (SDM)		SDM/RDM		Dickson quality index (DQI)
Limestone (L)			<0.001		0.488		<0.001
Nitrogen rates (N)			<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
L × N			0.118		0.411		0.101
CV (%)			7.66		13.18		18.88

Limestone	Days after emergence (DAE)
Limestone	30	60	90	120	30	60	90	120
	Plant height (cm)				Stem diameter (mm)
With	9.77 a	27.77 a	36.50 a	37.79 a	1.98 a	5.44 a	8.67 a	9.61 a
Without	8.62 b	25.41 b	35.00 a	36.28 a	1.71 b	4.77 b	7.31 b	8.43 b
	Height/diameter ratio (PH/SD)				Number of leaves
With	4.97 a	5.07 a	4.17 a	3.89 a	6.02 a	10.20 a	8.88 a	8.18 a
Without	5.06 a	5.30 a	4.06 a	4.28 a	5.61 b	9.72 b	8.17 b	7.25 b
	Measurements at 120 DAE
	Nitrogen accumulation (mg plant^-1)		Root volume (cm³plant^-1)			Root dry matter (g plant^-1)
With	270.91 a		28.06 a			6.29 a
Without	274.01 a		25.34 a			5.18 b
	Shoot dry matter (g plant^-1)		SDM/RDM (g g^-1)			Dickson quality index
With	16.59 a		2.49 a			3.46 a
Without	13.19 a		2.41 a			2.67 b

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E-mail: cienciaflorestal@ufsm.br

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Alan Mario Zuffo Agronomist, Dr., Researcher • alan_zuffo@hotmail.com. Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing