Computational simulation of mixing devices in combustion chamber for carbonization gases

Abstract

Charcoal from planted forest represents a renewable energy source used by steelmaking in Brazil. However, the pyrolysis gas released from carbonization is characterized by a low lower heating value. The sustainability of charcoal production has demanded the combustion of pyrolysis gas, which can represent an environmental constraint. In this paper, different mixing devices were evaluated for a combustion chamber, a system that allows mitigating the environmental impacts of carbonization, use of thermal energy in the wood drying and electric power generation. An existent combustion system was analyzed and used as a reference to calibrate a computational fluid dynamics model. The input data for the model were gas composition, gas flow rate and its temperature. The model considers the differential equations of mass, momentum, energy and chemical species conservation, and it was used for the study of different mixing devices for gas burning. Among the devices studied (AC), the AC5 was more effective in the use of the entire chamber volume, resulting in a lower dead zone percentage and a longer residence time of gases (5% more), when compared to the device used in the reference system. The volume fraction of CO and O₂ distribution and flow streamlines into the combustion chamber allows concluding that internal mixing devices are necessary for a better mixture between fuel and oxidizer and, consequently, to produce gas combustion with better quality.

Keyword:
Biomass; Charcoal; Atmospheric emissions; Environmental constraints