STATE CAPACITIES AND MUNICIPAL EDUCATION POLICIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Lui, Lizandro; Segatto, Catarina Ianni; Albert, Carla Estefania; Santos, Rodrigo Marques dos

doi:10.12660/cgpc.v28.86049.84315

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ARTICLES • Cad. Gest. Pública Cid. 28 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.12660/cgpc.v28.86049.84315 copy

STATE CAPACITIES AND MUNICIPAL EDUCATION POLICIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The development of pedagogical activities through remote teaching became common during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey by the Brazilian National Confederation of Municipalities revealed that local governments throughout the country responded differently to the educational challenges that emerged due to the pandemic. This study uses data from this survey and examines the development of pedagogical activities in municipalities based on the concept of state capacities. The research aims to understand in depth the factors that contributed to the increase in the local governments’ capacities to respond to the crisis. A regression was performed considering a set of variables linked to the local governments’ characteristics. The findings indicate that variables related to technical-administrative and political-relational capacities - particularly the existence of participatory channels - were fundamental to the increase of municipalities’ capacity to tackle the educational challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
state capacities; education policies; federalism; COVID-19; federative coordination

REGION	DISTRIBUTION OF PRINTED PEDAGOGICAL MATERIAL	CLASSES/ ACTIVITIES THROUGH DIGITAL MEDIA	CLASSES/ ACTIVITIES THROUGH TV EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS	CLASSES/ACTIVITIES THROUGH RADIO EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS	EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES SENT VIA INSTANT MESSAGE APPS	TRAINING TEACHERS FOR REMOTE TEACHING
North	93.3	64.6	3.1	4.6	71.8	64.6
Northeast	88.3	80.2	4.3	6.3	80	63.6
Central-West	97	83.3	4.2	1.5	90.4	63.9
Southeast	98.1	78.8	8.5	2.4	83.5	64.7
South	98.4	79.8	6.4	2.8	88.8	80

REGION	DID THE MUNICIPALITY DEVELOP A PLAN TO RESUME IN-PERSON CLASSES?			ACTIVITIES PLANNED
REGION	IN PROGRESS	YES	NO	GRADUAL RETURN TO IN-PERSON CLASSES, STARTING WITH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL	GRADUAL RETURN TO IN-PERSON CLASSES, STARTING WITH EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION	RETURN TO IN-PERSON CLASSES ON A ROTATING BASES OR WITH ALTERNATE DAYS OF THE WEEK FOR DIFFERENT GROUPS OR PART OF THE GROUPS	ADOPTION OF HYBRID LEARNING, WITH THE COMBINED USE OF IN-PERSON AND ONLINE ACTIVITIES	INTERSECTORAL ACTIONS BETWEEN THE EDUCATION AND HEALTH AREAS TO DEFINE THE RETURN TO IN-PERSON CLASSES
North	39.7	32.3	28	51.9	15.9	50.8	56.1	59.3
Northeast	48.8	29.5	21.7	60.8	14.8	59.8	65	68.4
Central-West	43.1	31.2	25.7	54.7	20.5	57.5	59.6	62.7
Southeast	45.1	20	34.9	41.9	11.7	42.7	48	55.7
South	50.9	23.6	25.6	55.2	11.1	51.7	58.7	63.2

COEFFICIENTS	MHDI
	MHDI	VERY LOW	LOW	HIGH	VERY HIGH
	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)
(Intercept)	0.1428	0.8593	0.418	0.45375	0.1609
Statutory civil servants/total civil servants in the area of education	0.0180^* * (5%),	0.9595	0.393	0.29779	0.5670
Characterization of the managing body to gauge institutionalization and autonomy	0.5035	0.8629	0.680	0.62567	0.0844^* * (5%),
Educational background of the managing body’s administrator	0.0256^* * (5%),	0.1951	0.450	0.75098	0.8418
Completion of an educational management training course within the last five years	0.1142	0.2350	0.451	0.00752^ (1%), and	0.0621^* * (5%),
Establishment or formation of a permanent education forum	0.7216	0.1185	0.204	0.78994	0.8166
Educational background of elementary school teachers	0.0818	0.9895	0.556	0.58293	0.0958^* * (5%),
Existence of an education council	0.1030	0.0285^* * (5%),	0.726	0.43770	0.6414
Advisory	0.2919	0.2225	0.189	0.92083	0.5525
Deliberative	0.3950	0.4600	0.122	0.83180	0.7158
Normative	0.3140	0.3882	0.454	0.96894	0.3638
Supervisory	0.9329	0.6234	0.425	0.67289	0.2495

COEFFICIENTS	MHDI
	MHDI	VERY LOW	LOW	HIGH	VERY HIGH
	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)
(Intercept)	0.1428	0.8593	0.418	0.45375	0.1609
Statutory civil servants/total civil servants in the area of education	0.0180^* * (5%),	0.9595	0.393	0.29779	0.5670
Characterization of the managing body to gauge institutionalization and autonomy	0.5035	0.8629	0.680	0.62567	0.0844^* * (5%),
Educational background of the managing body’s administrator	0.0256^* * (5%),	0.1951	0.450	0.75098	0.8418
Completion of an educational management training course within the last five years	0.1142	0.2350	0.451	0.00752^ (1%), and	0.0621^* * (5%),
Establishment or formation of a permanent education forum	0.7216	0.1185	0.204	0.78994	0.8166
Educational background of elementary school teachers	0.0818	0.9895	0.556	0.58293	0.0958^* * (5%),
Existence of an education council	0.1030	0.0285^* * (5%),	0.726	0.43770	0.6414
Advisory	0.2919	0.2225	0.189	0.92083	0.5525
Deliberative	0.3950	0.4600	0.122	0.83180	0.7158
Normative	0.3140	0.3882	0.454	0.96894	0.3638
Supervisory	0.9329	0.6234	0.425	0.67289	0.2495

COEFFICIENTS	MHDI
	MHDI	VERY LOW	LOW	HIGH	VERY HIGH
	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)
(Intercept)	0.00183^ (1%), and	0.4767	0.4318	0.9925	0.985
Statutory civil servants/total civil servants in the area of education	0.24869	0.0677^* * (5%),	0.4797	0.4625	0.702
Characterization of the managing body to gauge institutionalization and autonomy	0.00077^* ***** (0.1%)	0.0935^* * (5%),	0.0108^* * (5%),	0.6264	0.843
Educational background of the managing body’s administrator	0.81136	0.4271	0.0779^* * (5%),	0.3481	0.362
Completion of an educational management training course within the last five years	0.49180	0.4076	0.1838	0.4977	0.588
Establishment or formation of a permanent education forum	0.00217^ (1%), and	0.2755	0.6422	0.0465^* * (5%),	0.012^* * (5%),
Educational background of elementary school teachers	5.88e-07^* ***** (0.1%)	0.0988^* * (5%),	0.7926	0.3690	0.912
Existence of an education council	0.39810	0.1885	0.3215	0.9910	0.989
Advisory	0.69066	0.3389	0.7332	0.4241	0.639
Deliberative	0.83572	0.3146	0.4447	0.9503	0.221
Normative	0.04935^* * (5%),	0.3812	0.0570^* * (5%),	0.7850	0.224
Supervisory	0.00183^ (1%), and	0.5756	0.0778^* * (5%),	0.1960	0.416

COEFFICIENTS	MHDI
	MHDI	VERY LOW	LOW	HIGH	VERY HIGH
	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)
(Intercept)	0.23754	0.139	0.4023	0.51517	0.921737
Statutory civil servants/total civil servants in the area of education	0.07825^* * (5%),	0.237	0.3039	0.62497	0.792263
Characterization of the managing body to gauge institutionalization and autonomy	0.83184	0.533	0.5148	0.87674	0.294508
Educational background of the managing body’s administrator	0.01886^* * (5%),	0.860	0.0110^* * (5%),	0.06893^* * (5%),	0.153550
Completion of an educational management training course within the last five years	0.13475	0.996	0.9678	0.07983^* * (5%),	0.829856
Establishment or formation of a permanent education forum	1.23e-05^* ***** (0.1%)	0.859	0.1531	0.00363^ (1%), and	0.000389^* ***** (0.1%)
Educational background of elementary school teachers	0.18304	0.206	0.4737	0.47938	0.782406
Existence of an education council	0.36680	0.294	0.5542	0.83788	0.714265
Advisory	0.17121	0.390	0.8485	0.99014	0.157657
Deliberative	0.46272	0.359	0.5541	0.89860	0.974421
Normative	0.00721^ (1%), and	0.358	0.0365^* * (5%),	0.04577^* * (5%),	0.169761
Supervisory	0.88151	0.565	0.5517	0.56518	0.946551

COEFFICIENTS	MHDI
	MHDI	VERY LOW	LOW	HIGH	VERY HIGH
	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)	PR (>\|Z\|)
(Intercept)	0.43737	0.71204	0.05536^* * (5%),	0.71398	0.488472
Statutory civil servants/total civil servants in the area of education	0.20969	0.40793	0.06987^* * (5%),	0.24584	0.179710
Characterization of the managing body to gauge institutionalization and autonomy	0.67340	0.14822	0.57506	0.02337^* * (5%),	0.063891
Educational background of the managing body’s administrator	0.00108^ (1%), and	0.12249	0.02387^* * (5%),	0.31051	0.573270
Completion of an educational management training course within the last five years	0.03289^* * (5%),	0.00812^ (1%), and	0.63842	0.14217	0.310089
Establishment or formation of a permanent education forum	3.7e-09^* ***** (0.1%)	0.89670	2.8205^* ***** (0.1%)	0.00865^ (1%), and	0.000778^* ***** (0.1%)
Educational background of elementary school teachers	0.32558	0.40632	0.05351^* * (5%),	0.64683	0.392575
Existence of an education council	0.10873	0.07718^* * (5%),	0.00297^ (1%), and	0.81990	0.401296
Advisory	0.02366^* * (5%),	0.52905	0.89163	0.15767	0.081758^* * (5%),
Deliberative	0.21569	0.38112	0.22287	0.50942	0.643776
Normative	0.00451^ (1%), and	0.01565^* * (5%),	0.11182	0.11972	0.671373
Supervisory	0.60348	0.35193	0.29868	0.30190	0.423830

Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo Cep: 01313-902, +55 (11) 3799-7898 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cadernosgpc-redacao@fgv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author

Measures the municipalities adopted to develop online pedagogical activities during the pandemic	Classes/activities through digital media Classes/activities through TV educational programs Classes/activities through radio educational programs Educational activities sent via instant message apps Distribution of printed pedagogical material Training teachers for remote teaching
Development of a plan to resume in-person classes	There is a plan to resume the classes, indicated by the existence of an interdisciplinary committee or working group with education and health professionals to design activities, flows, and protocols.