Why ophthalmology? Analysis of the motivating factors influencing the choice of ophthalmology as a career among different generations in Brazil

Gameiro, Gustavo Rosa; Darcie, Ana Letícia Fornazieri; Hazaki, Daniel; Gameiro, Giovana Rosa; Carricondo, Pedro Carlos

doi:10.6061/clinics/2019/e1101

Gustavo Rosa Gameiro ^**Corresponding author. E-mail: gustavo.gameiro@fm.usp.br

Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-8013

Ana Letícia Fornazieri Darcie

Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4147-2648

Daniel Hazaki

Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-2989

Giovana Rosa Gameiro

Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, BR

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9806-1300

Pedro Carlos Carricondo

Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2916-205X

*Corresponding author. E-mail: gustavo.gameiro@fm.usp.br

No potential conflict of interest was reported.

Gameiro GR, Darcie ALF and Hazaki D contributed to the conception and design of the manuscript, literature review, manuscript drafting, critical revision and final approval of the version to be published. Gameiro RG contributed to the drafting of the final version of the manuscript, critical revision and final approval of the version to be published. Carricondo PC contributed to the conception and design of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript and final approval of the version to be published.

Generation	Frequency	Percentage
Baby boomer	21	9.3
Generation X	48	21.3
Generation Y	131	58.2
Generation Z	25	11.1
Total	225	100
Level of training	Frequency	Percentage
Ophthalmologist	114	50.7
Ophthalmology resident	51	22.7
Medical student	60	26.7
Total	225	100
Gender	Frequency	Percentage
Male	121	53.8
Female	104	46.2
Total	225	100
Region	Frequency	Percentage
North	9	4.0
Midwest	19	8.4
Northeast	27	12.0
Southeast	145	64.4
South	25	11.1
Total	225	100
Ophthalmologist in the family	Frequency	Percentage
No	159	70.7
Yes	66	29.3
Total	225	100

Reason	Baby boomer	Generation X	Generation Y	Generation Z	All	p-value
Surgical procedures	52%	65%	70%	64%	67%	0.415^a a - chi-square,
Flexible working hours	48%	48%	58%	48%	54%	0.519^a a - chi-square,
Personal satisfaction from helping people improve their vision	52%	40%	37%	44%	40%	0.598^a a - chi-square,
Compensation	24%	23%	38%	28%	32%	0.180^a a - chi-square,
Short-term results	14%	17%	34%	20%	27%	0.049^* * - statistically significant. ^a a - chi-square,
Influence of another person (mentor, professor, role model)	43%	29%	22%	20%	25%	0.182^a a - chi-square,
Technological innovations	29%	31%	24%	16%	25%	0.502^a a - chi-square,
Little contact with emergency situations	24%	19%	27%	20%	24%	0.622^a a - chi-square,
Short procedures	5%	6%	34%	24%	24%	0.000^* * - statistically significant. ^a a - chi-square,
Exposure to the area during medical school	19%	38%	19%	24%	24%	0.076^a a - chi-square,
Interface with other areas of medicine	29%	15%	16%	48%	20%	0.002^* * - statistically significant. ^a a - chi-square,
Personal experience of an ophthalmic condition	14%	31%	16%	16%	19%	0.144^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,
Influence of an ophthalmologist in the family	33%	19%	12%	36%	18%	0.008^* * - statistically significant. ^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,
Characteristics of the residency program	0%	6%	24%	16%	17%	0.002^* * - statistically significant. ^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,
More individualized work	19%	15%	16%	12%	16%	0.944^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,
Extracurricular experiences in the area	5%	21%	13%	20%	15%	0.260^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,
Academic career	0%	8%	10%	28%	11%	0.022^* * - statistically significant. ^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,
Intellectual challenge	5%	10%	6%	4%	7%	0.749^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,
Altruism	0%	4%	3%	8%	4%	0.479^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,
Social recognition	5%	0%	3%	0%	2%	0.483^b b - Fisher’s Exact test,

Chi-square = 0.003	No ophthalmologist in the family	Ophthalmologist in the family	Total
Before being exposed to ophthalmology	27	23	50
After being exposed to ophthalmology	132	43	175
Total	159	66	225

[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: gustavo.gameiro@fm.usp.br

Brasil

Brasil

Why ophthalmology? Analysis of the motivating factors influencing the choice of ophthalmology as a career among different generations in Brazil

OBJECTIVES:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION: