From natural to constructed: a proposal to estimate heat accumulation in metropolises

Freitas, Ruskin; Azerêdo, Jaucele

doi:10.1590/2236-9996.2021-5013.e

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Artigos Complementares • Cad. Metropole 23 (50) • Jan-Apr 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2021-5013.e copy

From natural to constructed: a proposal to estimate heat accumulation in metropolises

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Abstract

The transformation from a natural environment to a built environment causes the formation of different urban climates, according to urban geometry, materials and activities. The objective of this article is to present a methodology to estimate heat accumulation in urban precincts, according to the influence of ten climatic factors, assessed through values on a scale graduated into five levels: accumulation of negative, null, low, medium and high heat, the latter being able to reach six positive degrees (+6.0°C) in relation to the value verified in the reference meteorological station. The application of this methodology can support comparisons between metropolises and guide interventions aimed at user satisfaction, the efficiency of the built space and environmental sustainability.

urbanization; spatial transformations; urban climates; heat accumulation; Recife

Level of influence of climatic factors on air temperature behavior, affecting heat accumulation, in urban settings	Estimated heat accumulation (°C) for each local climate factor
Level One: a factor causes a reduction in air temperature, making conditions more like a natural setting than those found at the weather station.	- 0,25
Level Two: a factor does not affect air temperature, meaning that the locality is subject to low-intensity human intervention, with characteristics similar to a natural environment.	0
Level Three: a factor causes a slight increase in air temperature, meaning that the setting is subject to human intervention, and its characteristics differ from those of a natural environment.	+ 0,25
Level Four: a factor causes an increase in air temperature, due to significant variation in the behavior of climate elements and/or the configuration of morphological elements.	+ 0,50
Level Five: a factor causes a large increase in air temperature, due to intensive anthropic intervention, with total loss of natural elements.	+ 0,75

Behavior of temperature, affecting heat accumulation in urban localities	Estimated heat accumulation (°C) caused by ten local climatic factors
Negative	-1,5 to -0,25
Zero	0
Low	0,25 to 1,5
Medium	1,75 to 3,5
High	3,75 to 6,0

Urban location	Climatic factors										Heat accumulation 0ºC
Urban location	Elevation	Maritimity	Density of vegentation	Wind permeability	Ground surface permeability	Exposure to sunlight	Built-up density	Uses and road system	Construction materials	Volumetric dynamics	Heat accumulation 0ºC
	-0,25	-0,5	-0,25	-0,25	0	0	0	0	0	0	-1,25 Negative
	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0 Zero
	0	0	0	0	0	0,25	0	0,25	0	0	+0,50 Low
	0	-0,5	0,25	-0,25	0,25	0,25	0,25	0,25	0,25	0	+0,75 Low
	0	0	0,25	0,5	0,5	0	0,5	0,25	0,25	0,25	+2,50 Medium
	0	0	0,75	0	0,75	0,75	0,25	0,75	0,5	0,25	+4,00 High

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