Covid-19 and the worsening of inequalities in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro

Flexor, Georges; Silva, Robson Dias da; Rodrigues, Adrianno Oliveira

doi:10.1590/2236-9996.2021-5203.e

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dossiê: metrópole e saúde • Cad. Metropole 23 (52) • Sep-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2021-5203.e copy

Covid-19 and the worsening of inequalities in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article deals with the impacts of Covid-19 on the income of the population living in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of data from a web survey confirms the hypotheses pointed out in the international literature regarding the role of the Covid-19 pandemic in the worsening of pre-existing social inequalities. Also, the article shows that the inequalities occur in the peripheral areas of the Rio de Janeiro Metropolis, where the negative impacts are much greater compared to other areas. Economic security has become more unequal in the Covid-19 pandemic when we compare the inhabitants’ dwelling place, skin color, and gender.

inequalities; Covid-19; Rio de Janeiro; economic insecurity

	Metropolitan Region
	Rio de Janeiro	Fortaleza	Recife	Salvador	Belo Horizonte	Belém	São Paulo	Curitiba	Porto Alegre
01/2015	6,00	7,80	7,70	14,80	9,70	13,40	8,70	5,30	6,30
04/2015	6,50	8,80	7,10	16,80	9,2 0	12,90	9,30	5,90	6,70
07/2015	7,60	9,60	10,20	17,10	9,70	11,90	9,80	5,70	7,30
10/2015	7,70	9,20	11,80	14,60	10,20	11,90	10,60	5,20	7,00
01/2016	9,20	11,50	13,40	18,40	13,10	13,60	12,60	8,90	8,30
04/2016	10,70	11,80	14,60	19,20	13,90	14,00	12,70	8,90	10,10
07/2016	11,60	14,20	16,50	19,60	14,40	15,60	14,00	9,40	10,40
10/2016	13,20	12,00	15,80	19,10	13,60	13,90	13,50	8,90	9,90
01/2017	14,30	14,00	18,00	18,30	15,80	15,40	15,20	11,20	10,90
04/2017	15,60	13,50	19,70	19,10	16,20	14,00	14,60	10,40	10,20
07/2017	14,50	11,40	20,00	18,30	16,20	14,10	14,20	10,90	9,50
10/2017	15,20	10,60	18,60	16,50	13,50	12,60	14,20	10,90	10,30
01/2018	14,90	13,30	19,20	19,20	15,70	13,80	15,00	12,10	10,40
04/2018	15,70	12,30	18,70	20,30	14,10	14,10	15,00	11,60	10,10
07/2018	14,60	11,60	18,70	18,20	13,50	14,40	14,60	10,20	10,10
10/2018	15,10	11,00	16,60	17,30	12,60	12,20	14,20	9,10	8,90
01/2019	15,40	12,70	17,70	18,70	13,20	14,30	14,80	10,10	8,90
04/2019	15,40	11,70	17,90	18,60	11,70	14,80	14,10	10,00	10,10
07/2019	15,00	12,10	18,10	16,70	11,80	15,00	13,10	10,80	10,10
10/2019	13,90	10,60	15,50	16,40	11,00	12,40	12,70	8,30	8,80
01/2020	14,80	12,60	15,20	18,90	13,50	12,70	13,50	9,20	9,80

	Total	%
Southern Zone Baixada Fluminense Downtown Others Northern Zone Western Zone	242 1.310 55 120 391 365	9.75 52.76 2.22 4.83 15.75 14.70

	Total	%
White Asian Indigenous Brown Black	1.307 2 12 806 351	52,74 0,08 0,48 32,53 14,16

	Total	%
M F Other	764 1.708 9	30.79 68.84 0.36

	Total	%
Public server Retiree Unemployed Housewife Businessperson Intern Student Freelancer/Side job Microentrepreneur Other Independent professional Salaried employee Non-salaried employee	727 131 139 64 55 78 25 1 24 123 59 110 554 167	29,29 5,28 5,60 2,58 2,22 3,14 10,11 0,97 4,96 2,38 4,43 22,32 6,73

	Total	%
No loss Up to 10% From 10 to 20% From 20 to 50% From 50 to 75% Higher than 75%	698 140 230 548 308 262	31,93 6,40 10,52 25,07 14,09 11,99

	Southern Zone	Baixada Fluminense	Downtown	Others	Norther Zone	Western Zone
No loss Up to 10% From 10 to 20% From 20 to 50% From 50 to 75% Higher than 75%	3.331 2.951 0.739 -3.532 -1.968 -0.883	-4.196 -1.005 -0.529 3.210 1.057 1.865	0.865 -0.439 0.295 -0.190 0.485 -1.455	1.453 -0.345 -1.053 -2.018 0.263 1.580	2.387 -1.009 0.054 -0.100 -0.944 -1.573	-0.535 0.323 0.592 -0.135 0.778 -0.689

	White	Brown	Black
No loss Up to 10% From 10 to 20% From 20 to 50% From 50 to 75% Higher than 75%	3,774 -0,966 -0,411 -2,548 -0,305 -0,582	-2,051 -0,611 -0,611 2,594 0,566 -0,087	-2,655 2,219 1,419 0,154 -0,328 0,955

	M	F	Other
No loss	223 (1.336)	474 (-1.144)	1 (-1.344)
Up to 10%	44 (0.371)	94 (-0.640)	2 (1.941)
From 10 to 20%	61 (-1.229)	168 (1.217)	1 (0.057)
From 20 to 50%	170 (0.647)	373 ( -0.725)	3 (0.579)
From 50 to 75%	91 (-0.203)	215 (0.104)	2 (0.701)
Higher than 75%	67 (-1.680)	195 (1.828)	0 (-1.110)

	Dependent variable: No loss
Baixada Fluminense	-0.518*** (0.157)
Downtown	-0.073 (0.349)
Others	-0.145 (0.244)
Northern Zone	-0.126 (0.180)
Westerns Zone	-0.392** (0.186)
Asian	-11.794 (229.483)
Indigenous	-0.553 (0.815)
Brown	-0.206* (0.106)
Black	-0.393*** (0.148)
Women	-0.133 (0.100)
Other gender	-1.368 (1.071)
Constant	-0.185 (0.158)
Observations	2,181
Log Likelihood	-1,346.984
Akaike Inf. Crit	2,717.968
Note	pp**p<0.01

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