Temporal auditory processing in people exposed to musical instrument practice

Ryn Junior, Flavio Van; Lüders, Débora; Casali, Raquel Leme; Amaral, Maria Isabel Ramos do

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20212021256en

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Original Article • CoDAS 34 (6) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20212021256en copy

Temporal auditory processing in people exposed to musical instrument practice

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To investigate the influence of musical instrument practice on temporal auditory abilities and on the results of cortical potentials related to auditory events (P300) in a group of young musicians compared to individuals without experience in musical practice.

Methods

This is a prospective cross-sectional observational study. In total, 34 individuals between 18 and 30 years old, of both sexes, took part and were divided in two groups: Group I (GI), composed of musicians (n=16), and Group II (GII), composed of non-musicians (n=18). All participants underwent behavioral evaluation of temporal auditory processing, composed of Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPS), Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (PPS), Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and electrophysiological evaluation – Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential – P300. GI also answered a specific questionnaire to characterize musical practice.

Results

We observed statistically significant differences with superior performance of GI compared with GII in all behavioral tests (p<0.001*). The groups’ performance was similar regarding the latency and amplitude parameters analyzed from LLAEP-300 data (p>0.05).

Conclusion

The findings show a positive influence of musical practice toward the improvement of auditory abilities of temporal ordering and resolution. All participants presented adequate cortical functioning of the central auditory nervous system, without significant differences between musicians and non-musicians when considering P300 amplitude and latency.

Keywords
Auditory Perception; Music; Hearing Tests; Evoked Potentials Auditory; Adult

Time playing	N	%	P-value
Up to 10 years old	9	56.30%	0.480
More than 11 years old	7	43.80%	0.480
Days a week	N	%	P-value
Up to 4 days	7	43.80%	0.480
More than 5 days	9	56.30%	0.480
How many hours	N	%	P-value
Up to 1 hour	10	62.50%	0.157
More than 2 hours	6	37.50%	0.157

Pitch Pattern Sequence Test				N		Mean	Median	SD		P-value
Naming		RE	GII	18		87.40%	86.70%	4.60%		<0.001*
		RE	GI	16		97.50%	100.00%	3.90%		<0.001*
		LE	GII	18		85.40%	83.40%	4.00%		<0.001*
		LE	GI	16		96.50%	96.70%	4.50%		<0.001*
Humming		RE	GII	18		91.50%	90.00%	4.20%		<0.001*
		RE	GI	16		99.20%	100.00%	1.50%		<0.001*
		LE	GII	18		89.10%	86.70%	4.10%		<0.001*
		LE	GI	16		99.00%	100.00%	2.00%		<0.001*
Duration Pattern Sequence Test					N	Mean	Median		SD	P-value
Naming	RE		GII		18	85.20%	81.70%		7.80%	<0.001*
	RE		GI		16	100.00%	100.00%		0.00%	<0.001*
	LE		GII		18	84.80%	80.10%		8.00%	<0.001*
	LE		GI		16	100.00%	100.00%		0.00%	<0.001*
Humming	RE		GII		18	91.10%	90.00%		6.40%	<0.001*
	RE		GI		16	100.00%	100.00%		0.00%	<0.001*
	LE		GII		18	90.10%	88.40%		6.80%	<0.001*
	LE		GI		16	100.00%	100.00%		0.00%	<0.001*

RGDT		N	Mean	Median	SD	P-value
500 Hz	GII	18	7.06	5	2.80	<0.001*
500 Hz	GI	16	2.75	2	1.34	<0.001*
1 kHz	GII	18	7.78	10	2.56	<0.001*
1 kHz	GI	16	3.31	2	1.54	<0.001*
2 kHz	GII	18	8.89	10	2.14	<0.001*
2 kHz	GI	16	3.81	3.5	2.23	<0.001*
4 khz	GII	18	9.44	10	2.91	<0.001*
4 khz	GI	16	4.75	5	1.84	<0.001*
Mean	GII	18	8.29	8.75	1.70	<0.001*
Mean	GI	16	3.66	3.5	1.34	<0.001*

P 300 (Latency)				N	Mean		Median			SD	P-value
N1		RE	GII	18	190.4		187.1			55.9	0.719
		RE	GI	16	198.3		178.3			71.0	0.719
		LE	GII	18	199.0		206.0			54.8	0.230
		LE	GI	16	225.3		221.8			70.0	0.230
P2		RE	GII	18	218.9		219.3			49.4	0.485
		RE	GI	16	231.7		216.1			57.0	0.485
		LE	GII	18	210.0		215.5			64.3	0.080
		LE	GI	16	248.4		236.9			58.6	0.080
N2		RE	GII	18	259.2		264.7			36.3	0.451
		RE	GI	16	270.3		262.2			48.0	0.451
		LE	GII	18	253.1		249.6			38.2	0.062
		LE	GI	16	280.8		265.3			45.2	0.062
P 300		RE	GII	18	316.1		319.6			32.4	0.077
		RE	GI	16	336.0		330.3			30.8	0.077
		LE	GII	18	313.5		318.9			40.0	0.144
		LE	GI	16	332.5		324.0			33.1	0.144
P 300 (Interpeaks)				N		Mean		Median	SD			P-value
N1-P2	RE		GII	18		28.45		26.49	12.89			0.344
	RE		GI	16		33.43		30.28	17.21			0.344
	LE		GII	18		23.76		17.03	15.15			0.909
	LE		GI	16		23.10		15.14	18.23			0.909
P2-N2	RE		GII	18		40.37		48.57	23.89			0.819
	RE		GI	16		38.55		34.69	21.72			0.819
	LE		GII	18		30.27		24.60	13.97			0.727
	LE		GI	16		32.40		22.71	20.97			0.727
N2 - P300	RE		GII	18		56.84		58.03	17.67			0.216
	RE		GI	16		65.67		67.49	23.03			0.216
	LE		GII	18		60.48		60.56	19.64			0.212
	LE		GI	16		51.77		54,24	20.16			0.212

				Time playing		Days a week		How many hours
				Corr (r)	P-value	Corr (r)	P-value	Corr (r)	P-value
	Duration Pattern Test	Naming	RE	6.00	0.826	-28.50%	0.285	0.121	0.655
		Naming	LE	0.60%	0.981	-37.60%	0.152	0.185	0.494
		Humming	RE	-25.80%	0.334	-5.00%	0.853	0.257	0.336
		Humming	LE	-23.10%	0.389	-18.00%	0.504	0.263	0.325
	Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT)	500 Hz		0.00%	1	18.50%	0.494	-0.257	0.336
		1.000 Hz		-16.90%	0.531	-35.50%	0.177	-0.489	0.055
		1.000 Hz		14.30%	0.598	22.50%	0.402	-0.057	0.833
		4.000 Hz		-6.30%	0.818	-1.20%	0.964	-0.116	0.669
		Mean		-1.10%	0.968	23.80%	0.375	-0.269	0.315
Electrophysiologic Test	P 300	RE	N1	22.50%	0.403	10.30%	0.704	-0.355	0.177
			P2	17.40%	0.520	7.60%	0.779	-0.322	0.225
			N2	20.60%	0.445	7.50%	0.784	-0.152	0.573
			P 300	15.40%	0.57	-7.40%	0.786	−0.221	0.412
		LE	N1	39.40%	0.131	8.20%	0.764	-0.008	0.977
			P2	37.30%	0.155	-0.60%	0.983	-0.143	0.597
			N2	26.60%	0.320	-18.50%	0.492	-0.300	0.259
			P 300	19.40%	0.472	-11.60%	0.668	-0.241	0.369

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.