Validation of the Questionnaire “Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices” in populations of pregnant women exposed to pesticides

Cassol, Karlla; Magni, Cristiana; Ribeiro, Vanessa Veis; Mondelli, Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia; Lopes, Andrea Cintra

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20212021285en

Karlla Cassol

conception and design

data analysis

writing

Programa de Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - FOB, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Bauru (SP), Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-4028

Cristiana Magni

conception and design

critical review

Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO - Irati (PR), Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-8411

Vanessa Veis Ribeiro

data analysis

critical review

Universidade de Brasília - UnB - Brasília (DF), Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3089-6085

Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia Mondelli

critical review

Programa de Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - FOB, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Bauru (SP), Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7572-209X

Andrea Cintra Lopes

conception and design of the article

writing

critical review

Programa de Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - FOB, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Bauru (SP), Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-8618

Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.

Correspondence address: Karlla Cassol Programa de Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - FOB, Universidade de São Paulo - USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru (SP), Brasil, CEP: 17012-901 E-mail: karlla_cassol@hotmail.com

Author contributions

KC, ACL, and CM carried out the conception and design of the article; KC and VVR performed data analysis; KC, ACL wrote the article; ACL, CM, MFCGM, and VVR critically reviewed it; and KC adjusted it to be published.

Variable	Do you believe you have adequate knowledge about the effects of pesticides?	Mean	SD	Q25	Median	Q75	p-value
Knowledge about the damage of pesticides to human health	Yes	60.19	24.42	50.00	50.00	50.00	0.577
Knowledge about the damage of pesticides to human health	No	58.33	23.07	50.00	50.00	50.00	0.577
Knowledge about at risk population	Yes	89.51	23.74	83.33	100.00	100.00	0.524
Knowledge about at risk population	No	91.27	22.18	100.00	100.00	100.00	0.524
Knowledge about poisoning pathways	Yes	70.56	23.44	60.00	80.00	80.00	0.054
Knowledge about poisoning pathways	No	72.38	30.72	60.00	80.00	100.00	0.054
Knowledge of intoxication symptoms	Yes	75.10	27.30	55.56	83.33	100.00	0.734
Knowledge of intoxication symptoms	No	76.98	24.92	66.67	77.78	100.00	0.734
Knowledge about the risks of pesticides	Yes	58.91	21.31	43.75	56.25	81.25	0.160
Knowledge about the risks of pesticides	No	62.20	25.99	43.75	68.75	81.25	0.160
Knowledge about the impact on health	Yes	60.49	26.63	50.00	66.67	83.33	0.964
Knowledge about the impact on health	No	60.32	27.85	50.00	66.67	83.33	0.964

Variable	Do you believe you have adequate attitudes towards pesticides?	Mean	SD	Q25	Median	Q75	p-value
Attitudes at home	Yes	64.08	12.83	60.00	60.00	60.00	0.567
Attitudes at home	No	62.77	11.21	60.00	60.00	60.00	0.567
Wearing appropriate clothing at work	Yes	29.52	30.08	0.00	20.00	60.00	0.176
Wearing appropriate clothing at work	No	14.17	17.17	0.00	20.00	20.00	0.176
Harmful attitudes to the fetus	Yes	81.12	23.42	75.00	87.50	100.00	0.849
Harmful attitudes to the fetus	No	82.98	19.82	84.38	87.50	100.00	0.849
Responsibility for the safe use of pesticides, read the packaging label	Yes	94.90	22.12	100.00	100.00	100.00	0.503
	No	92.55	26.39	100.00	100.00	100.00	0.503
Responsibility for the safe use of pesticides, reuse of packaging	Yes	72.45	44.91	0.00	100.00	100.00	0.616
	No	69.15	46.44	0.00	100.00	100.00	0.616
Use of pesticides and care	Yes	36.73	13.75	28.57	42.86	42.86	0.591
Use of pesticides and care	No	38.26	13.11	28.57	42.86	42.86	0.591
Reasons for using pesticides at home	Yes	32.16	22.58	11.11	33.33	44.44	0.670
Reasons for using pesticides at home	No	32.79	19.50	11.11	33.33	44.44	0.670
Reasons for using pesticides at work	Yes	14.29	15.73	0.00	16.67	33.33	0.489
Reasons for using pesticides at work	No	16.29	15.03	0.00	16.67	29.17	0.489

Variable	Do you believe you have safe practices regarding pesticides?	Mean	SD	Q25	Median	Q75	p-value
Precautionary practices	Yes	90.28	11.95	85.71	85.71	100.00	0.608
Precautionary practices	No	90.36	13.50	85.71	100.00	100.00	0.608
Safe practices at home	Yes	76.17	24.19	60.00	80.00	100.00	0.578
Safe practices at home	No	78.81	22.46	60.00	80.00	100.00	0.578
Practices related to domestic animals	Yes	39.58	20.45	50.00	50.00	50.00	0.181
Practices related to domestic animals	No	43.75	20.04	50.00	50.00	50.00	0.181

Variable	Group			n		Mean		SD	Q25	Median	Q75	p-value
Age	Pregnant Woman Exposed			320		26.59		6.22	22.30	26.31	32.21	0.445
Age	Pregnant Woman not Exposed			62		25.89		6.90	21.14	24.55	31.98	0.445
Nationality	Brazilian	n	310		62		0.377
	Brazilian	%	96.9%		100.0%
	Foreign	n	10		0
	Foreign	%	3.1%		0.0%
Level of Education	Early childhood education (1-4 years)	n	16		4		<0.001*
	Early childhood education (1-4 years)	%	5.0%		6.5%
	Incomplete Early childhood education (1-4 years)	n	8		0
	Incomplete Early childhood education (1-4 years)	%	2.5%		0.0%
	Primary education (5-8 years)	n	38		6
	Primary education (5-8 years)	%	11.9%		9.7%
	Incomplete Primary education (5-8 years)	n	58		8
	Incomplete Primary education (5-8 years)	%	18.1%		12.9%
	Secondary education	n	93		11
	Secondary education	%	29.1%		17.7%
	Incomplete Secondary education	n	28		10
	Incomplete Secondary education	%	8.8%		16.1%
	Technical education	n	1		10
	Technical education	%	0.3%		16.1%
	Higher Education	n	58		4
	Higher Education	%	18.1%		6.5%
	Incomplete Higher Education	n	20		9
	Incomplete Higher Education	%	6.3%		14.5%
Family income	<1 salary	n	101		27		0.081
	<1 salary	%	31.6%		43.5%
	1-2 salaries	n	143		24
	1-2 salaries	%	44.7%		38.7%
	2-3 salaries	n	21		0
	2-3 salaries	%	6.6%		0.0%
	SC	n	55		11
	SC	%	17.2%		17.7%

Variable	Group	n	Mean	SD	Q25	Median	Q75	p-value
Knowledge about the damage of pesticides to human health	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	58.91	24.22	50.00	50.00	50.00	0.060
Knowledge about the damage of pesticides to human health	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	64.52	34.34	50.00	50.00	100.00	0.060
Knowledge about at risk population	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	89.84	23.79	83.33	100.00	100.00	<0.001*
Knowledge about at risk population	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	81.18	23.66	66.67	91.67	100.00	<0.001*
Knowledge about poisoning pathways	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	71.81	27.05	60.00	80.00	80.00	0.188
Knowledge about poisoning pathways	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	72.26	32.86	60.00	80.00	100.00	0.188
Knowledge of intoxication symptoms	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	74.69	26.12	66.67	77.78	100.00	<0.001*
Knowledge of intoxication symptoms	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	54.84	37.74	22.22	44.44	100.00	<0.001*
Knowledge about the risks of pesticides	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	59.65	22.90	43.75	68.75	81.25	0.564
Knowledge about the risks of pesticides	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	57.16	25.43	37.50	62.50	75.00	0.564
Knowledge about the impact on health	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	60.42	26.44	50.00	66.67	83.33	0.405
Knowledge about the impact on health	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	58.06	25.74	50.00	66.67	66.67	0.405
Attitudes at home	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	63.63	12.54	60.00	60.00	60.00	<0.001*
Attitudes at home	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	89.68	16.89	80.00	100.00	100.00	<0.001*
Wearing appropriate clothing at work	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	91	24.40	24.18	0.00	20.00	40.00	-
Wearing appropriate clothing at work	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	0						-
Harmful attitudes to the fetus	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	82.46	21.45	87.50	87.50	100.00	<0.001*
Harmful attitudes to the fetus	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	69.96	19.40	62.50	75.00	87.50	<0.001*
Responsibility for the safe use of pesticides, read the packaging label	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	94.06	23.67	100.00	100.00	100.00	<0.001*
	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	40.32	49.45	0.00	0.00	100.00	<0.001*
Responsibility for the safe use of pesticides,reuse of packaging	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	74.06	43.90	0.00	100.00	100.00	0.041
	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	61.29	49.11	0.00	100.00	100.00	0.041
Use of pesticides and care	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	209	38.82	13.38	28.57	42.86	42.86	<0.001*
Use of pesticides and care	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	10	2.86	904	0.00	0.00	0.00	<0.001*
Reasons for using pesticides at home	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	201	31.23	20.59	11.11	33.33	44.44	-
Reasons for using pesticides at home	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	0						-
Reasons for using pesticides at work	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	148	15.54	14.76	0.00	16.67	29.17	-
Reasons for using pesticides at work	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	0						-
Precautionary practices	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	89.38	14.60	85.71	85.71	100.00	<0.001*
Precautionary practices	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	75.81	28.17	71.43	85.71	85.71	<0.001*
Safe practices at home	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	224	78.30	22.31	60.00	80.00	100.00	-
Safe practices at home	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	0						-
Practices related to domestic animals	Pregnant Women (Exposed)	320	42.50	20.34	50.00	50.00	50.00	0.003*
Practices related to domestic animals	Pregnant Women (Not Exposed)	62	50.00	0.00	50.00	50.00	50.00	0.003*

[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.

Brasil

Brasil

Validation of the Questionnaire “Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices” in populations of pregnant women exposed to pesticides

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion