Design specifications of a heat applicator weed controller device for family farms

Spagnolo, Roger Toscan; Oldoni, André; Custódio, Tiago Vega; Reis, Ângelo Vieira dos; Machado, Antônio Lilles Tavares

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20170243

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RURAL ENGINEERING • Cienc. Rural 48 (02) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170243 copy

Design specifications of a heat applicator weed controller device for family farms

Especificações para o projeto de um mecanismo aplicador de calor para o combate de plantas espontâneas dirigido à agricultura familiar

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

One of the difficulties faced by organic food farming families is weed management without the application of chemical products. Thus, this study aimed to establish the design specifications for the development of a heat applicator device for small organic family farms. The implemented methodology allowed the division of the project to phases composed by different tasks. This paper addresses the informational phase, which identifies client needs, according to the lifecycle of the product, in order to establish the design specifications. The declared needs of 40 customers were identified and converted to the requirements of 24 clients. This resulted in 26 design specifications, displayed in order of importance, and distributed along the product’s entire life cycle. Nine requirements were considered to be the most important; namely working speed, target applied temperature, application height variables, weed elimination, production costs, operation costs, energy consumption, weight, and main crop damage.

Key words:
informational design; product development; organic farming

Authorship

Roger Toscan Spagnolo ^*E-mail: roger.toscan@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.

Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Campus Sertão, 99170-000, Sertão, RS, Brasil. Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilSertão, RS, BrazilNúcleo de Ciências Agrárias, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Campus Sertão, 99170-000, Sertão, RS, Brasil.

André Oldoni

Curso Técnico em Eletromecânica, Instituto Federal Sul Rio Grandense (IFSul) , Campus Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Instituto Federal Sul Rio GrandenseBrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilCurso Técnico em Eletromecânica, Instituto Federal Sul Rio Grandense (IFSul) , Campus Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Tiago Vega Custódio

Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Familiar (PPGSPAF), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Familiar (PPGSPAF), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Ângelo Vieira dos Reis

Departamento de Engenharia Rural (DER), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Engenharia Rural (DER), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Antônio Lilles Tavares Machado

E-mail: roger.toscan@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (2)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Informational design steps.

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Figure 2
Quality function deployment.

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Table 1
Client needs and requirements separated by phases of the device’s life cycle.

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Table 2
Design specifications obtained through QFD in order of importance.

Figure 1 Informational design steps.

Figure 2 Quality function deployment.

Table 1 Client needs and requirements separated by phases of the device’s life cycle.

Phase of the device life cycle		Client needs	Client requirements
Project		1. Project that a smith can execute	Having a simple design (1, 2)
		2. Avoid complex shapes

Production		3. Cheap production	Having simple production processes (3, 4, 5)
		4. Easy to produce
		5. Minimal time of production
		6. Use standard products at maximum	Having standard pieces (6)
			Having standard pieces (6)
Sells		7. Pleasant colors	Having finishing (7, 8, 9)
		8. Pleasant shapes
		9. Avoid alive corners
		10. Less sell price possible	Having low cost (10)
			Having low cost (10)
Use	Regulation	11. Easy to regulate	Having simple regulation (11)
		12. More than one harvest use	Having variable space of application (12, 13)
		13. No harvest use

	Operation	14. Easy to operate	Easy to handle (14, 15)
		15. Small areas use
		16. Low weight	Having low weigth (16)
		17. Useful in low potency tractors	Having engine low potency (17, 18)
		18. Engine low potency need
		19. Heat application in different height plants	Having a uniform application height (19, 20)
		20. Keep the heat applicator height
		21. Eliminate weeds with the lower number of interventions	Being effective on the plants elimination (21)
		22. Present thermal isolation	Being safe (22, 23, 24)
		23. Protect the mobile parts
		24. Safety warnings in eminent accident places
		25. Low operation cost	Having low energy consumption (25)
		26. Not to harm the crop	Being inoffensive to the crop (26)
		27. Offer reduced efforts on the device installing and removal	Being ergonomic (27, 28)
		28. Operation comfort and practicability
		29. Easy to transport	Being easy to transport (29)
		30. Operator visibility of the system critical points	Having systems visibility (30)
		31. System intervention possibility during the operation	Having systems control (31)
		32. Easy and instructive interaction between man and device	Being easy to operate (32)
		33. Not to reduce the alive organisms present in the soil	Being inoffensive to the soil (33)
		34. Avoid flames appearance during the use	Being useful on the straw presence (34, 35)
		35. Useful in direct plantation systems

	Maintenance	36. Low maintenance cost	Being of simple maintenance (36, 37, 38, 39)
		37. Minimal time for maintenance
		38. Reduced maintenance frequency
		39. Low tool use during maintenance
		40. Long useful life	Being durable (40)

Table 2 Design specifications obtained through QFD in order of importance.

Requirement	Goal Value	Evaluation Form	Undesired Aspects
Superior Third			Undesired Aspects
1. Working speed	≤1,39 m∙s^-1	Field test	Operational capacity reduction
2. Applied temperature to the target	≥100°C	Simulation in a test stand	High soil, straw and device surface heating
3. Application variation height	Between 0,05 and 0,4m	Simulation in a test stand	Energy dissipation, device break on rocks presence, gravity center alteration
4. Weeds elimination	Elimination ≥80%/passed	Flied tests	Make more than one intervention
5. Production cost	≤ R$ 1.500,00	Amount of costs values with materials, processes and workers	Quality and performance compromised, elements reduction
6. Operation cost	≤ R$ 200,00.ha^-1	Field test	Traction resource type and ineffective weed elimination restriction
7. Energy consumption	≤40 kg.GLP.ha^-1	Laboratory tests	Ineffective weed elimination
8. Harvest damage	Death ≤5%	Field tests	Weed elimination effectiveness reduction
9. Weight	<4.000 N	Laboratory quantification	Lighter materials use, production cost increase
Medium Third			Lighter materials use, production cost increase
10. Lines number	≥2 lines	Traction capacity and project layout analysis	Increase in weight and dimensions, maneuver difficulty, traction force need increase
11. Heat external parts temperatures	≤50 °C	Calculation based on insulating materials characteristics, evaluation on the field	Weight increase and more expensive materials use
12Applicator size	≥0,4 m	Test stand and field simulation	Main crop with spaces lower than 0,4 m use restriction
13. Regulation duration	≤20 min.	Laboratory timing	Regulation quality, production cost increase
14. Common standard materials	≥80%	Laboratory counting	Compromising performance and functioning
15. Space among lines variation	0 a 0,9m	Laboratory tests	Higher components number, production cost increase
16. Regulations number	≤5	Laboratory counting	Production cost increase, functioning compromised
17. Clearance of the chassis	≥0,4m	Laboratory test	Vertical gravity center increase
18. Engine force	<1.500N	Field test	Vertical gravity center increase
Inferior Third			Vertical gravity center increase
19.Turning radius	≤4m	Field test	Potency resource restriction
20. Life cycle	≥10 years	Technical and practices adoption during the project to guarantee the goal	Expensive and difficult to acquire materials used.
21. Maintenance cost	≤ R$ 32,00h^-1	Values expend with materials, processes and workers amount	Corrective maintenance necessity, operation cost increase and life cycle reduction
22. Soil fauna maintenance	95%	Soil meso and macro fauna analysis	Weed elimination ineffectiveness
23. Maintenance duration	≤2 hours	Timing with stand test simulation	Service quality compromised, maintenance spaces reduction
24. Space between the maintenances	12 months	Technical and practices adoption during the project to guarantee the goal	Corrective maintenances appearance production cost increase through higher quality materials use
25. High tolerance use	IT9 e IT11 classes	Prototype pieces dimension control	Tolerance use that can cause wear and backlashes
26. Usual production procedure	>80%	Laboratory counting	Innovative solutions that need different processes concretion limitation

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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Design specifications of a heat applicator weed controller device for family farms

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[1] E-mail: roger.toscan@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.