Seasonal variation in essential oil content and chemical profile of mint in southeast of Brazil

Alvarenga, Joyce Pereira; Braga, Andreísa Flores; Pacheco, Fernanda Ventorim; Carvalho, Alexandre Alves de; Pinto, José Eduardo Brasil Pereira; Bertolucci, Suzan Kelly Vilela

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20200979

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BIOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 51 (11) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200979 linkcopy

Seasonal variation in essential oil content and chemical profile of mint in southeast of Brazil

Variação sazonal no teor e perfil químico do óleo essencial de menta no sudeste do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study evaluated the influence of seasonality in essential oil (EO) chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. and Mentha viridis L. grown in southeast of Brazil. Leaves were collected from November 2011 until August 2013, in the middle of the following seasons: Spring (November), Summer (February), Autumn (May) and Winter (August). EO extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus for 1 hour. Chemical composition of EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The EO content and its chemical composition were influenced by seasonality in both species. The highest EO content was obtained for M. x piperita during spring (4.26%) and for M. viridis during spring (3.30%) and summer (3.70%). Mentha x piperita increased menthol (16.31 to 41.26%), neomenthol (3.02 to 6.39%) and menthone (5.56 to 41.58%) contents during spring and summer, respectively. Whereas, M. viridis EO content did not show a quality response pattern in relation to seasonality. Therefore, harvest time for M. x piperita is recommended during spring, and for M. viridis is recommended during spring and summer.

Key words:
medicinal plant; Mentha x piperita; Mentha viridis; menthol; linalool

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[TFN1] ^aRetention index on n-alkane series (C₈-C₂₀) DB-Wax column in order of elution. SD: standard deviation (n=3), nd: not detected.

%Area ± SD
Compounds	IR^a	-----------Spring----------		----------Summer-----		-----------Autumn---------		----------Winter-------
		1^st Year	2^nd Year	1^st Year	2^nd Year	1^st Year	2^nd Year	1^st Year	2^nd Year
Limonene	1202	1.04±0.17	3.51±0.49	1.10±0.10	2.87±0.52	0.67±0.21	1.21±0.57	1.06±0.21	1.23±0.28
1,8-Cineole	1213	4.38±0.31	nd	4.20±0.61	nd	3.49±0.62	0.29±0.05	1.20±0.25	0.12±0.04
Menthone	1460	19.00±1.76	41.58±1.78	17.01±2.63	17.49±1.47	5.56±1.86	8.90±1.90	18.57±1.30	8.56±1.41
Menthofuran	1478	3.14±0.39	nd	nd	11.46±0.75	nd	nd	nd	4.13±6.95
iso-Menthone	1487	2.67±0.09	4.51±0.12	2.32±0.11	2.37±0.12	1.56±0.57	1.38±0.42	2.45±0.85	0.66±0.12
Neomenthol acetate	1527	0.69±0.10	0.55±0.15	1.63±0.10	0.39±0.06	2.06±0.12	1.19±0.30	1.73±0.08	4.36±0.21
Menthyl acetate	1561	10.96±1.28	5.06±0.95	18.75±0.74	6.27±0.78	27.18±2.15	18.97±5.72	27.92±1.16	52.24±2.43
iso-Menthol acetate	1576	0.52±0.06	0.26±0.04	0.90±0.03	0.36±0.04	1.13±0.10	0.66±0.19	1.16±0.06	1.67±0.07
Neomenthol	1599	5.66±0.18	3.59±0.23	6.39±0.41	4.18±0.10	5.22±0.15	3.91±0.45	4.41±0.09	3.02±0.18
Neoisomenthol	1638	0.15±0.02	2.34±0.15	0.79±0.20	2.66±0.21	1.02±0.27	2.63±0.89	1.71±0.19	0.27±0.03
Menthol	1645	41.26±0.95	29.55±0.19	38.88±2.16	40.39±0.47	35.36±0.73	28.98±3.69	30.99±0.16	16.31±1.80
Hydrogenated monoterpenes		1.04	3.51	1.10	2.87	0.67	1.21	1.06	1.23
Oxygenated monoterpenes		90.32	88.68	91.88	86.81	82.57	66.91	90.14	92.13
Total identified (%)		91.36	92.19	92.98	89.68	83.24	68.12	91.2	93.36

%Area ± SD
Compounds	IRa	----------Spring-----------		-----------Summer----------		----------Autumn----------		----------Winter----------
		1st Year	2nd Year	1st Year	2nd Year	1st Year	2nd Year	1st Year	2nd Year
Limonene	1202	0.24±0.08	0.69±0.06	0.93±0.18	0.55±0.15	0.34±0.24	0.67±0.33	0.47±0.36	nd
1,8-Cineole	1213	0.81±0.14	1.81±0.06	1.77±0.08	1.56±0.20	0.94±0.43	1.85±0.37	0.71±0.34	0.58±0.24
γ-Terpinene	1245	0.40±0.07	0.65±0.09	0.54±0.12	0.82±0.19	0.28±0.13	0.56±0.20	0.30±0.15	0.13±0.04
3-Octanone	1255	1.01±0.19	1.50±0.11	1.13±0.28	1.42±0.18	0.79±0.33	2.38±0.57	1.04±0.45	0.39±0.10
3-Octanol	1401	6.94±0.41	7.36±0.65	9.41±1.08	6.99±0.43	9.32±0.30	6.00±0.43	3.44±0.27	4.91±0.80
trans-Sabinene hydrate	1469	8.42±0.87	9.91±0.26	11.17±0.70	9.53±0.44	11.99±0.25	10.86±0.60	11.11±0.46	11.22±1.00
3Z-Hexenyl valerate	1489	0.81±0.05	0.73±0.02	0.76±0.03	0.81±0.01	0.89±0.02	0.77±0.03	0.7±0.05	1.04±0.04
Linalool	1555	52.23±0.63	48.08±0.49	49.29±1.49	49.07±0.45	49.88±0.92	47.32±0.78	49.94±1.00	45.18±1.26
β-Caryophyllene	1589	2.27±0.31	1.66±0.24	1.49±0.49	1.74±0.33	1.54±0.11	1.89±0.29	1.75±0.16	2.25±0.46
Terpinen-4-ol	1602	4.79±0.54	3.84±0.23	3.64±0.57	4.37±0.28	3.14±0.12	3.28±0.39	3.34±0.20	4.13±0.22
p-Menth-1-en-8-ol	1697	2.19±0.12	1.26±0.02	1.45±0.21	1.25±0.07	1.51±0.11	1.21±0.05	2.09±0.09	1.49±0.14
Carvone	1724	15.51±0.25	13.86±0.37	13.20±1.25	15.06±0.93	14.86±0.72	15.78±0.47	21.28±0.92	18.81±0.81
Hydrogenated monoterpenes		0.64	1.34	1.47	1.37	0.62	1.23	0.77	0.13
Oxygenated monoterpenes		83.95	78.76	80.52	80.84	82.32	80.3	88.47	81.41
Hydrogenated sesquiterpenes		2.27	1.66	1.49	1.74	1.54	1.89	1.75	2.25
Others compoundsb		8.76	9.59	11.3	9.22	11	9.15	5.18	6.34
Total identified (%)		95.62	91.35	94.78	93.17	95.48	92.57	96.17	90.13