Seasonal variation in essential oil content and chemical profile of mint in southeast of Brazil

Alvarenga, Joyce Pereira; Braga, Andreísa Flores; Pacheco, Fernanda Ventorim; Carvalho, Alexandre Alves de; Pinto, José Eduardo Brasil Pereira; Bertolucci, Suzan Kelly Vilela

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20200979

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BIOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 51 (11) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200979 copy

Seasonal variation in essential oil content and chemical profile of mint in southeast of Brazil

Variação sazonal no teor e perfil químico do óleo essencial de menta no sudeste do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study evaluated the influence of seasonality in essential oil (EO) chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. and Mentha viridis L. grown in southeast of Brazil. Leaves were collected from November 2011 until August 2013, in the middle of the following seasons: Spring (November), Summer (February), Autumn (May) and Winter (August). EO extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus for 1 hour. Chemical composition of EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The EO content and its chemical composition were influenced by seasonality in both species. The highest EO content was obtained for M. x piperita during spring (4.26%) and for M. viridis during spring (3.30%) and summer (3.70%). Mentha x piperita increased menthol (16.31 to 41.26%), neomenthol (3.02 to 6.39%) and menthone (5.56 to 41.58%) contents during spring and summer, respectively. Whereas, M. viridis EO content did not show a quality response pattern in relation to seasonality. Therefore, harvest time for M. x piperita is recommended during spring, and for M. viridis is recommended during spring and summer.

Key words:
medicinal plant; Mentha x piperita; Mentha viridis; menthol; linalool

Authorship

Joyce Pereira Alvarenga

Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais e Plantas Medicinais, Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)BrazilLavras, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais e Plantas Medicinais, Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3690-9382

Andreísa Flores Braga

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9131-2514

Fernanda Ventorim Pacheco

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9814-3701

Alexandre Alves de Carvalho

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-8633

José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1141-7907

Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ^*E-mail: suzan@ufla.br. *Corresponding author

Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Plantas Medicinais, Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil..Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)BrazilLavras, MG, BrazilLaboratório de Fitoquímica e Plantas Medicinais, Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil..

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8796-7043

E-mail: suzan@ufla.br. ^*Corresponding author

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

JPA performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. SKVB and JEBPP designed the study, supervised the laboratory work and contributed to critical reading of the manuscript. AFB and FVP performed the experiments. AAC analyzed the data. All the authors have read the final manuscript and approved the submission.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Regional climate variation during the experimental period (from November 2011 to August 2013): (A) Insolation and relative humidity data; (B) Precipitation and temperature data. Source: Climatological Station of Universidade Federal de Lavras.

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Figure 2
Essential oil content from Mentha x piperita (A) and Mentha viridis (B) harvested in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). Means (±standard deviation) followed by the same letter do not differ in Tukey’s test (P>0.05).

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Figure 3
Principal component analysis of the compounds of M. x piperita harvested in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter).

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Figure 4
Principal component analysis of the compounds of M. viridis harvested in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter).

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Table 1
Seasonal variation of the chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. essential oil growth in southeast of Brazil in two consecutive years (November 2011 to August 2013).

Thumbnail

Table 2
Seasonal variation of the chemical composition of Mentha viridis L. essential oil growth in southeast of Brazil in two consecutive years (November 2011 to August 2013).

Figure 1 Regional climate variation during the experimental period (from November 2011 to August 2013): (A) Insolation and relative humidity data; (B) Precipitation and temperature data. Source: Climatological Station of Universidade Federal de Lavras.

Figure 2 Essential oil content from Mentha x piperita (A) and Mentha viridis (B) harvested in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). Means (±standard deviation) followed by the same letter do not differ in Tukey’s test (P>0.05).

Figure 3 Principal component analysis of the compounds of M. x piperita harvested in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter).

Figure 4 Principal component analysis of the compounds of M. viridis harvested in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter).

Table 1 Seasonal variation of the chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. essential oil growth in southeast of Brazil in two consecutive years (November 2011 to August 2013).

%Area ± SD
Compounds	IR^a	-----------Spring----------		----------Summer-----		-----------Autumn---------		----------Winter-------
		1^st Year	2^nd Year	1^st Year	2^nd Year	1^st Year	2^nd Year	1^st Year	2^nd Year
Limonene	1202	1.04±0.17	3.51±0.49	1.10±0.10	2.87±0.52	0.67±0.21	1.21±0.57	1.06±0.21	1.23±0.28
1,8-Cineole	1213	4.38±0.31	nd	4.20±0.61	nd	3.49±0.62	0.29±0.05	1.20±0.25	0.12±0.04
Menthone	1460	19.00±1.76	41.58±1.78	17.01±2.63	17.49±1.47	5.56±1.86	8.90±1.90	18.57±1.30	8.56±1.41
Menthofuran	1478	3.14±0.39	nd	nd	11.46±0.75	nd	nd	nd	4.13±6.95
iso-Menthone	1487	2.67±0.09	4.51±0.12	2.32±0.11	2.37±0.12	1.56±0.57	1.38±0.42	2.45±0.85	0.66±0.12
Neomenthol acetate	1527	0.69±0.10	0.55±0.15	1.63±0.10	0.39±0.06	2.06±0.12	1.19±0.30	1.73±0.08	4.36±0.21
Menthyl acetate	1561	10.96±1.28	5.06±0.95	18.75±0.74	6.27±0.78	27.18±2.15	18.97±5.72	27.92±1.16	52.24±2.43
iso-Menthol acetate	1576	0.52±0.06	0.26±0.04	0.90±0.03	0.36±0.04	1.13±0.10	0.66±0.19	1.16±0.06	1.67±0.07
Neomenthol	1599	5.66±0.18	3.59±0.23	6.39±0.41	4.18±0.10	5.22±0.15	3.91±0.45	4.41±0.09	3.02±0.18
Neoisomenthol	1638	0.15±0.02	2.34±0.15	0.79±0.20	2.66±0.21	1.02±0.27	2.63±0.89	1.71±0.19	0.27±0.03
Menthol	1645	41.26±0.95	29.55±0.19	38.88±2.16	40.39±0.47	35.36±0.73	28.98±3.69	30.99±0.16	16.31±1.80
Hydrogenated monoterpenes		1.04	3.51	1.10	2.87	0.67	1.21	1.06	1.23
Oxygenated monoterpenes		90.32	88.68	91.88	86.81	82.57	66.91	90.14	92.13
Total identified (%)		91.36	92.19	92.98	89.68	83.24	68.12	91.2	93.36

^aRetention index on n-alkane series (C₈-C₂₀) DB-Wax column in order of elution. SD: standard deviation (n=3), nd: not detected.

Table 2 Seasonal variation of the chemical composition of Mentha viridis L. essential oil growth in southeast of Brazil in two consecutive years (November 2011 to August 2013).

%Area ± SD
Compounds	IRa	----------Spring-----------		-----------Summer----------		----------Autumn----------		----------Winter----------
		1st Year	2nd Year	1st Year	2nd Year	1st Year	2nd Year	1st Year	2nd Year
Limonene	1202	0.24±0.08	0.69±0.06	0.93±0.18	0.55±0.15	0.34±0.24	0.67±0.33	0.47±0.36	nd
1,8-Cineole	1213	0.81±0.14	1.81±0.06	1.77±0.08	1.56±0.20	0.94±0.43	1.85±0.37	0.71±0.34	0.58±0.24
γ-Terpinene	1245	0.40±0.07	0.65±0.09	0.54±0.12	0.82±0.19	0.28±0.13	0.56±0.20	0.30±0.15	0.13±0.04
3-Octanone	1255	1.01±0.19	1.50±0.11	1.13±0.28	1.42±0.18	0.79±0.33	2.38±0.57	1.04±0.45	0.39±0.10
3-Octanol	1401	6.94±0.41	7.36±0.65	9.41±1.08	6.99±0.43	9.32±0.30	6.00±0.43	3.44±0.27	4.91±0.80
trans-Sabinene hydrate	1469	8.42±0.87	9.91±0.26	11.17±0.70	9.53±0.44	11.99±0.25	10.86±0.60	11.11±0.46	11.22±1.00
3Z-Hexenyl valerate	1489	0.81±0.05	0.73±0.02	0.76±0.03	0.81±0.01	0.89±0.02	0.77±0.03	0.7±0.05	1.04±0.04
Linalool	1555	52.23±0.63	48.08±0.49	49.29±1.49	49.07±0.45	49.88±0.92	47.32±0.78	49.94±1.00	45.18±1.26
β-Caryophyllene	1589	2.27±0.31	1.66±0.24	1.49±0.49	1.74±0.33	1.54±0.11	1.89±0.29	1.75±0.16	2.25±0.46
Terpinen-4-ol	1602	4.79±0.54	3.84±0.23	3.64±0.57	4.37±0.28	3.14±0.12	3.28±0.39	3.34±0.20	4.13±0.22
p-Menth-1-en-8-ol	1697	2.19±0.12	1.26±0.02	1.45±0.21	1.25±0.07	1.51±0.11	1.21±0.05	2.09±0.09	1.49±0.14
Carvone	1724	15.51±0.25	13.86±0.37	13.20±1.25	15.06±0.93	14.86±0.72	15.78±0.47	21.28±0.92	18.81±0.81
Hydrogenated monoterpenes		0.64	1.34	1.47	1.37	0.62	1.23	0.77	0.13
Oxygenated monoterpenes		83.95	78.76	80.52	80.84	82.32	80.3	88.47	81.41
Hydrogenated sesquiterpenes		2.27	1.66	1.49	1.74	1.54	1.89	1.75	2.25
Others compoundsb		8.76	9.59	11.3	9.22	11	9.15	5.18	6.34
Total identified (%)		95.62	91.35	94.78	93.17	95.48	92.57	96.17	90.13

^aRetention index on n-alkane series (C₈-C₂₀) DB-Wax column in order of elution. SD: standard deviation (n=3), nd: not detected. ^bAlcohol, ketone and aliphatic ester.

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Seasonal variation in essential oil content and chemical profile of mint in southeast of Brazil

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[1] E-mail: suzan@ufla.br. ^*Corresponding author