Challenges and perspectives for exploiting donkey milk in the Brazilian Northeast

Messias, Tayanna Bernardo Oliveira Nunes; Araújo, Emmanuella de Oliveira Moura; Sant’Ana, Amanda Marília da Silva; Lucena, Jorge Eduardo Cavalcante; Pacheco, Maria Teresa Bertoldo; Queiroga, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210058

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Brasil

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FOOD TECHNOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 52 (3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210058 copy

Challenges and perspectives for exploiting donkey milk in the Brazilian Northeast

Desafios e perspectivas para a exploração do leite asinino no Nordeste brasileiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Known as an animal of multiple functions, the Equus asinus has always been used for various purposes, such as entertainment, horseback riding, means of transport, agricultural traction and dairy farming. Although, donkeys are associated with a vast heritage of social, cultural, economic and ecological importance, they have lost their importance in the activities of rural properties, both in the developed economies of European countries and in the Northeast region of Brazil. Specific studies of production systems aimed rational exploitation of the donkey species in Brazil do not exist. New perspectives for the use of donkey in the Brazilian semiarid region through the dairy industry has aroused scientific interest and the interest of investors. The donkey, allied to the low production costs and rusticity of the species, has the capacity to contribute to the economy with products of high biological value and therapeutic characteristics. Thus, this review provided a broad view of the donkey bred in the Northeast of Brazil, observing its characteristics and relevance for the region. The benefits of donkey milk and the need to promote the production and marketing of this milk in the dairy production chain will also be discussed.

Key words:
Equus asinus; dairy products; nutrition; functional foods

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
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[1] E-mail:amandasant-ana@hotmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Milk type	Breed	Country	Conclusions	Research
Raw milk and pasteurized milk	Amiata donkey	Italy	Raw milk and pasteurized milk demonstrated high vitamin D content and pasteurization did not affect vitamin D3 absorption.	MARTINI et al. (2017MARTINI, M. et al. Nutritional and nutraceutical quality of donkey milk. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science , 2017. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2017.10.020 >. Accessed: Nov. 15, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.10.020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2017.10... )
Raw milk	"Les Ânes d′Autan", Graulhet and "La ferme du Hitton", Biran	France	DM consumption exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on rats, restoring endogenous levels of antimicrobial peptides that contribute, to reduce microbiota imbalance.	YVON et al. (2018YVON, S. et al. Donkey milk consumption exerts anti-inflammatory properties by normalizing antimicrobial peptides levels in Paneth’s cells in a model of ileitis in mice. European Journal of Nutrition, p.155-166, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1304-z >. Accessed: Jan. 26, 2020. doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1304-z. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1304-... )
Lysozyme isolated from whey	^*	China	Lysozyme DM improved colon and mucosal damage with inflammation in colitis mice. It inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-13. It increased the diversity of intestinal flora.	JIANG et al. (2018JIANG, L. et al. Donkey milk lysozyme ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota composition. Journal of Functional Foods, v. 48, p.144-152, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.005 >. Accessed: Apr. 22, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.00... )
Raw milk	^*	Italy	DM is a feeding solution in most children with CMPA in terms of tolerability and palatability.	BARNI et al. (2018BARNI, S. et al. Tolerability and palatability of donkey’s milk in children with cow’s milk allergy. Wiley, p. 329-331, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12871 >. Accessed: Mar. 10, 2020. doi: 10.1111/pai.12871. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12871... )
Pasteurized milk	Amiata donkey	Italy	The DM was considered a suitable alternative for children with IgE-CMPA and FPIES-CMPA because of the 68 patients who made the TPO only 1 reacted. Therefore, it can be a suitable alternative for the first 6 months of life, if adequately supplemented.	SARTI et al. (2019SARTI, L. et al. Donkey’s Milk in the management of Children with Cow’s Milk protein allergy: nutritional and hygienic aspects. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, v.45, 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-019-0700-4 >. Accessed: Nov. 15, 2020. doi:10.1186/s13052-019-0700-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-019-0700-... )
Raw milk	^*	Italy	The proteomics identified a set of 94 genetic products, of these, 41% have documented antimicrobial activity or are responsible for the transfer of passive immunity.	SPADA et al. (2020SPADA, V. et al. Antibacterial potential of donkey milk disclosed by untargeted proteomics. Journal of Proteomics, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104007 >. Accessed: Dec. 05, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104... )
Colostrum and mature milk	Dezhou	China	Both colostrum and mature milk reduced the size of the primary tumor and the relative weight of the liver and lung organs in 4T1 mice without affecting the body weight of the rats. They inhibited growth and metastasis of 4T1 rat tumors, inducing apoptosis.	LI et al. (2020LI, Q. et al. Donkey milk inhibits triple-negative breast tumor progression and is associated with increased cleaved-caspase-3 expression. Food & Function, p.1-33, 2020. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9FO02934F >. Accessed: Nov. 15, 2020. doi:10.1039/C9FO02934F. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9FO02934F... )