Nonregenerative forms of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia has been describe in dogs and are attributed to bone marrow diseases or immune-mediated destruction of erythroid progenitors. A 3-year-old, male mongrel dog was received at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculdade of Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil showing signs of acute hemolytic anemia without erythroregeneration. After immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone) the hemolysis was suppressed but the dog didn’t show hematologic signs of erythroid response. On the 10th day after treatment a bone marrow aspiration was performed and signs of hypoplasia and mild erythroid cell dysplasia were the main features observed, which could exclude the suspicious of marrow aplasia. After the addiction of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine to the treatment, erythroid response could be observed. This report of a nonregenerative immune-mediated anemia in a dog is an alert for the existence of this disease and shows the strong indication to perform a bone marrow aspiration to diagnose the nonregenerative forms of anemia.
anemia; hemolysis; dogs; erythroregeneration; immunosupression
