Changes in arterial partial pressure and end-expired pressure of carbon dioxide in prepubescent and adult bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy by videolaparoscopy or conventional laparotomy

Queiroga, Luciana Branquinho; Sessegolo, Gabriela Marques; Santos, Fabiane Reginatto dos; Fratini, Letícia Mendes; Mombach, Verônica Santos; Trujillo, Manuel Eduardo Tadeo Robayo; Ávila, Gabriela Friedrich Lobo D; Cruz, Débora Carneiro da; Valle, Stella de Faria; Monteiro, Eduardo Raposo; Beck, Carlos Afonso de Castro

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20170769

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CLINIC AND SURGERY • Cienc. Rural 48 (10) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170769 copy

Changes in arterial partial pressure and end-expired pressure of carbon dioxide in prepubescent and adult bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy by videolaparoscopy or conventional laparotomy

Variações nas pressões parciais arteriais e expiradas de dióxido de carbono em cadelas pré-púberes e adultas submetidasà ovário histerectomiavídeo laparoscópica ou convencional

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This paper aimed to determine arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), end-expired CO₂ pressure (ETCO₂), and the difference between arterial and end-expired CO₂ pressure (Pa - ETCO₂) in prepubescent and adult bitches undergoing videolaparoscopic or conventional ovariohyterectomy (OH). Forty bitches were randomly assigned to four groups: Conventional Adult (CA), Conventional Pediatric (CP), Videolaparoscopic Adult (VA) and Videolaparoscopic Pediatric (VP). Pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, MAP, DAP), ETCO₂, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), pH, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), PaCO₂, base excess (BE) and HCO₃ ^- were measured. Based on the PaCO₂ and ETCO₂ values, Pa-ETCO₂ was determined. There was no significant difference in PaCO₂ between the VA (42.5±5.2 to 53.7±5.2) and VP (48.4±5.4 to55.4±5.7) groups. During the postoperative period, all groups presented with hypertension. However, mild hypertension (SAP 150 to 159mmHg) was observed in the VP group as compared to severe hypertension (SAP>180mmHg) in the CA group, suggesting that both the age range and videolaparoscopic OH are associated with lower levels of hypertension during the postoperative period in dogs.

Key words:
pneumoperitony; videolaparoscopy; hypercapnia; dogs; pediatric

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail:luqueirogavet@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Variable^*	CA (n=9)	CP (n=10)	VA (n=10)	VP (n=10)	Pvalue
Age (months)	27 (12 -60)	5 (5 - 7)	24 (12 - 54)	5 (3 - 7)	-
Weight (kg)	6.9 ±2.1	6.9 ±2.6	6.2 ±1.1	8.4 ±2.1	0.127
Duration of surgery (min)	64 ±12^a	61 ±10^a	119 ±17^b	108 ±22^b	<0.001
CO₂ volume (L)	--	--	58.5 (25 - 161)	38 (25.7 - 103)	0.315
DogBreeds	Crossbreed (n=3) Pug (n=2) Teckel (n=1) Spitz (n=1) Shih-tzu (n=1) Pinscher (n=1)	Crossbreed (n=5) Fox (n=2) Teckel (n=1) Pug (n=1) Shih-tzu (n=1)	Crossbreed (n=6) Maltese (n=1) West Highland White Terrier (n=1) LhasaApso (n=1) Shih-tzu (n=1)	Crossbreed (n=7) Fox (n=1) Labrador (n=1) Teckel (n=1)

Variable^*	CA (n=9)	CP (n=10)	VA (n=10)	VP (n=10)	---------------------P value------------------
Variable^*	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Group	Time	Group x Time
ETCO₂ (mmHg)					0.122	<0.001	<0.001
M0	37.3 ±6.58 ^ab	40.8 ±4.1 ^b	32.9 ±6.3 ^a	37.4 ± 4.9 ^ab
M1	39.4 ±6.42 ^a	41.7 ±3.6 ^a	43.9 ±3.2 ^*a	44.4 ± 3.9 ^*a
M2	40.4 ±4.25 ^a	42.8 ±3.3 ^a	43.6 ±4.0 ^*a	44.2 ±4.2 ^*a
PaCO₂(mmHg)					0.871	<0.001	<0.001
M0	47.7 ±6.2^ab	49.1 ±4.7 ^b	42.5 ±5.2 ^a	48.4 ±5.4^ab
M1	51.7 ±7.9 ^a	50.2 ±3.9 ^a	52.7 ±4.3 ^*a	55.4 ±5.7 ^*a
M2	51.8 ±8.3 ^a	50.7 ±3.0 ^a	53.7 ±5.2 ^*a	54.7 ±4.0 ^*a
M3	41.2 ±3.7 ^*a	41.3 ±3.0 ^*a	39.0 ±4.7 ^a	37.6 ±3.6 ^*a
M4	39.6 ±4.1 ^*a	41.3 ±3.4 ^*a	39.6 ±4.0 ^a	36.3 ±5.1 ^*a
M5	39.7 ±3.0 ^*a	39.0 ±2.4 ^*a	38.9 ±3.9 ^a	38.1 ±3.2 ^*a
M6	38.5 ±2.9 ^*a	37.2 ±2.8 ^*a	38.9 ±3.9 ^a	37.4 ±2.2 ^*a
Pa-ETCO₂					0.062	0.979	0.870
M0	10.4 ±3.7 ^a	8.3 ±2.5 ^a	9.6 ±2.5 ^a	11.0 ±7.1 ^a
M1	12.2 ±9.1 ^a	8.4 ±3.7 ^a	8.8 ±4.7 ^a	11.0 ±7.2 ^a
M2	11.4 ±7.5 ^a	7.9 ±3.7 ^a	10.0 ±7.2 ^a	10.5 ±5.8 ^a
PIP (cmH₂O)					< 0.001	<0.001	<0.001
M0	10 ±0.7 ^a	10, ±0.0 ^a	10±0.6 ^a	10 ±1.3 ^a
M1	10 ±1.1 ^a	10 ±0.9 ^a	13 ±2.4 ^*b	14 ±1.1 ^*b
M2	10 ±1.7 ^a	10 ±0.9 ^a	13 ±2.6 ^*b	14 ±1.0 ^*b
RR (breaths min^-1)					0.266	<0.001	<0.001
M0	10 ±2.1 ^a	12 ±1.8 ^a	9 ±3.9 ^a	12 ±3.7 ^a
M1	10 ±2.2 ^a	13 ±2.8^ab	15 ±3.1 ^*b	16 ±5.5 ^*b
M2	11 ±1.8 ^a	13 ±2.3 ^ab	16 ±5.1 ^*b	18 ±5.0 ^*b
M3	73 ±62.6 ^*a	35 ±24.4 ^*a	75 ±51.4 ^*a	75 ±44.3 ^*a
M4	87 ±72.1 ^*a	41 ±34.3 ^a	82 ±53.0 ^*a	81 ±57.3 ^*a
M5	83 ±67.5 ^*a	45 ±42.1 ^a	77 ±50.3 ^*a	71 ±42.3 ^*a
M6	81 ±62.0 ^*a	70 ±58.0 ^*a	63 ±41.3 ^*a	79 ±46.2 ^*a
pH
M0	7.30 ±0.05^ab	7.30 ±0.03^ab	7.34±0.03^b	7.30 ±0.03 ^a	0.131	<0.001	<0.001
M1	7.26 ±0.05^ab	7.29 ±0.03 ^b	7.24±0.02 ^*a	7.23 ±0.03 ^*a
M2	7.24 ±0,06 ^a	7.26 ±0.03 ^{* a}	7.23 ±0.03 ^{* a}	7.23 ±0.02 ^{* a}
M3	7.28 ±0.03 ^a	7.30 ±0.03 ^a	7.28 ±0.04 ^*a	7.31 ±0.03 ^a
M4	7.28 ±0.03 ^a	7.30 ±0.03 ^a	7.28 ±0.04 ^{* a}	7.32 ±0.05 ^a
M5	7.29 ±0.03 ^a	7.32 ±0.03 ^a	7.32 ±0.05 ^{* a}	7.31 ±0.02 ^a
M6	7.30 ±0,03 ^a	7.32 ±0.03 ^a	7.28 ±0.04 ^{* a}	7.32 ±0.02 ^a
HCO₃ ^-(mEq/L)					0.326	<0.001	<0.001
M0	23.6 ±1.8^a	24.3 ±2.1^a	23.1 ±1.7^a	23.8 ±1.7^a
M1	23.3 ±2.6^a	24.3 ±1.7^a	22.8 ±1.0^a	23.5 ±2.5^a
M2	22.5 ±2.4^a	23.3 ±1.8 ^*a	22.7 ±0.9^a	23.2 ±1.5^a
M3	19.4 ±1.6 ^*a	20.6 ±2.0 ^*a	18.5 ±1,9 ^*a	19.2 ±1.1 ^*a
M4	18.8 ±1.1 ^*a	20.9 ±2.3 ^*a	18.9 ±2.1 ^*a	18.8 ±1.1 ^*a
M5	19.3 ±2.1 ^*a	20.2 ±2.3 ^*a	18.8 ±2.6 ^*a	19.5 ±1.6 ^*a
M6	19.0 ±2.2 ^*a	19.4 ±2.7 ^*a	18.9 ±2.6 ^*a	19.5 ±1.2 ^*a

Variable^*	CA (n=9)	CP (n=10)	VA (n=10)	VP (n=10)	-------------------Pvalue-----------------
Variable^*	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Mean ±SD	Group	Time	Group x Time
PR (beats.min^-1)					0.003	<0.001	<0.001
M0	97.6 ±21.1^a	105.2 ±23.9 ^a	95.3 ±10.9 ^a	108.1 ±21.3 ^a
M1	107.8 ±22.8 ^a	109.5 ±14.2 ^a	101.6 ±12.6 ^a	108.9 ±18.0 ^a
M2	95.3 ±24.2 ^a	105.3 ±10.4 ^a	105.8 ±12.0 ^a	114.3 ±13.3 ^a
M3	135.9 ±22.2^*a	138.8 ±29.2^*a	112.7 ±19.8 ^*a	143.7 ±21.9 ^*a
M4	122.8 ±20.2 ^a	130.3 ±15.9^ab	113.0 ±19.8 ^{* a}	146.3 ±16.7 ^*b
M5	119.4 ±13.3^a	135.7 ±29.3^*ab	116.0 ±32.4^ab	145.4 ±12.0 ^*b
M6	124.9 ±112 ^*a	133.9 ±21.2 ^*a	111.7 ±23.8 ^a	135.4 ±24.9 ^*a
SAP (mmHg)					0.137	<0.001	<0.001
M0	112.2 ±14.6 ^a	109.6 ±21.2 ^a	105.0 ±17.0 ^a	116.2 ±25.7 ^a
M1	140.4 ±25.5^*a	132.9 ±18.2 ^*a	120.5 ±13.6 ^*a	127.1 ±22.2^a
M2	128.9 ±27.0 ^a	128.9 ±16.4 ^{* a}	115.7 ±17.9 ^a	112.3 ±20.0 ^a
M3	174.0 ±20.4 ^{* a}	153.7 ±29.8 ^{* a}	177.9 ±28.4 ^{* a}	157.9 ±20.9 ^{* a}
M4	173.4 ±20.0 ^{* a}	173.7 ±20.2 ^{* a}	155.9 ±33.5 ^{* a}	157.7 ±26.4 ^{* a}
M5	183.1 ±26.3 ^{* a}	176.0 ±21.2 ^*a	161.3 ±41.1 ^*a	160.4 ±28.6 ^*a
M6	184.6 ±26.7 ^*a	176.7 ±19.7 ^*a	160.4 ±32.5 ^*a	164.1 ±27.2 ^*a
MAP (mmHg)					<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
M0	68.6 ±10.6 ^a	70.9 ±16.5 ^a	67.2 ±8.0 ^a	66.7 ±7.4 ^a
M1	110.4 ±22.0 ^*a	99.3 ±14.2 ^*a	83.2 ±7.3 ^*b	85.8 ±15.2 ^*b
M2	90.3 ±27.2 ^a	93.2 ±10.7 ^*a	72.2 ±23.1 ^a	78.8 ±16.5 ^*a
M3	139.7 ±18.5^*a	119.3 ±12.8^*bc	128.1 ±21.7^*acd	108.1 ±14.8 ^*bd
M4	136.1 ±15.0 ^*a	124.2 ±10.5 ^*ac	109.7 ±19.8^*bc	107.6 ±13.9 ^*b
M5	135.7 ±19.2 ^*a	119.4 ±10.9 ^*ab	112.2 ±18.5 ^*b	106.4 ±17.6 ^*b
M6	140.8 ±27.3 ^*a	120.4 ±10.5 ^*a	115.0 ±19.6 ^*a	112.0 ±25.2 ^*a
DAP (mmHg)					<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
M0	52.9 ±8.0 ^a	55.0 ±13.8 ^a	56.8 ±10.5 ^a	50.1 ±4.2 ^a
M1	91.6 ±20.2^*a	83.9 ±14.3 ^*a	69.4 ±8.7 ^*b	63.0 ±10.2 ^*b
M2	77.4 ±26.9 ^a	77.6 ±8.0 ^*a	68.2 ±12.0 ^a	64.3 ±14.6 ^*a
M3	120.4 ±29.4 ^*a	99.0 ±12.9 ^*a	101.6 ±18.3 ^*a	80.8 ±10.2 ^*b
M4	105.9 ±23.0 ^*a	99.1 ±11.7 ^*a	89.4 ±14.9 ^*a	79.8 ±12.1 ^*a
M5	109.9 ±34.0 ^*ab	98.8 ±13.9 ^*b	90.4 ±12.7 ^*ab	78.6 ±13.9 ^*a
M6	111.9 ±37.8 ^*a	94.2 ±6.7 ^*a	94.7 ± 14.0 ^*a	75.6 ± 13.7 ^*b