Doses and critical phosphorus level for yerba mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hil.) clones

Clemente, Rodrigo Claudino; Santin, Delmar; Wendling, Ivar; Benedetti, Eliziane Luiza; Motta, Antonio Carlos Vargas; Barbosa, Julierme Zimmer; Pauletti, Volnei

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210903

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Soil Science • Cienc. Rural 54 (1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210903 copy

Doses and critical phosphorus level for yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) clones

Doses e nível crítico de fósforo para erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) clonal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

In Brazil, the optimal dose of phosphorus in the cultivation of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) clones has yet to be defined. This study verified the productivity of yerba mate clones in response to the application of P doses and determined the critical level of the nutrient in soil and yerba mate leaves. The experiment was developed in Itaiópolis-SC, in humic cambisol, from 2013 to 2020. Five doses of the nutrient were evaluated in two clones (BRS-BLD Aupaba and F2) of yerba mate. Fertility was defined by planting/post-planting (0, 2.3; 4.5; 6.8, and 9.0 g plant^-1), canopy formation 1 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g plant^-1), canopy formation 2 (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g plant^-1), and production (0, 16.7; 33.3; 50.0; 66.7 kg ha^-1). Harvests took place between July 2015 and January 2020, at 18-month intervals. The productivity of leaves, fine branches, and thick branches was evaluated. In the 2020 harvest, soil and leaf samples were collected to determine the critical level of P. The productivity of clone components increased with phosphate fertilization in all evaluated harvests. The critical levels of P for clones, Aupaba and F2, were 5.2 and 6.3 mg dm^-3 in soil and 1.03 and 1.11 g kg^-1 in leaves, respectively. Yerba mate is demanding of P, expressing maximum productivity in the planting phase, canopy formation 1 and 2, and production when doses of 5, 25, 40 g plant^-1, and 35 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅ are applied, respectively.

Key words:
yerba mate fertilization; soil fertility; leaf content; macronutrients

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: rodrigo.clemente90@gmail.com. *Corresponding author

pH	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H+Al³⁺	CEC	V	m	Clay	OC	P	K	S-SO₄ ^2-
H₂O	----------------------cmol_c dm^-3-----------------------				---------%--------			g kg^-1	g dm^-3	-----------mg dm^-3----------
4.9	2.39	0.51	4.71	13.7	17.12	20	57.9	510	23.8	8.2	204	7.95

--------------------------------------------------------------------------2015 harvest---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Component	Clone	---------------------------------P₂O₅ dose(g plant^-1)------------------------------				Mean/Eq.	R²
		0	2.3	4.5	6.8	9.0
LV	Aupaba	0.54	0.71	0.74	0.69	0.64	0.66
	F2	0.59	0.73	0.77	0.72	0.69	0.70
	Mean	0.57	0.72	0.75	0.70	0.66	Q^*	0.92
TnB	Aupaba	0.16	0.21	0.21	0.20	0.18	0.19
	F2	0.17	0.21	0.20	0.22	0.20	0.20
	Mean	0.16	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.19	Q^**	0.92
TkB	Aupaba	0.28	0.40	0.39	0.35	0.31	0.35 a
	F2	0.28	0.34	0.32	0.31	0.30	0.31b
	Mean	0.28	0.37	0.36	0.33	0.30	Q^**	0.83
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2017 harvest---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		---------------------------------P₂O₅ dose (g plant^-1)-----------------------------
		0	10	20	30	40
LV	Aupaba	1.97	2.80	2.84	2.98	2.49	2.62b
	F2	2.34	2.78	3.27	3.06	3.03	2.90 a
	Mean	2.15	2.79	3.06	3.02	2.76	Q^**	0.99
TnB	Aupaba	0.52	0.74	0.81	0.79	0.67	0.71b
	F2	0.59	0.71	0.90	0.90	0.86	0.79 a
	Mean	0.56	0.72	0.86	0.85	0.77	Q^**	0.99
TkB	Aupaba	0.80	1.26	1.34	1.41	0.88	1.14
	F2	1.04	1.20	1.47	1.38	1.15	1.25
	Mean	0.92	1.23	1.41	1.39	1.02	Q^*	0.97
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2018 harvest---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		-------------------------------------P₂O₅ dose (g plant^-1)-------------------------
		0	15	30	45	60
LV	Aupaba	3.05	4.80	5.30	5.82	5.43	4.88
	F2	3.17	5.00	6.13	6.09	5.07	5.09
	Mean	3.11	4.90	5.71	5.95	5.25	Q^**	0.99
TnB	Aupaba	1.00	1.56	1.86	1.90	1.64	1.59
	F2	1.13	1.79	1.67	1.95	1.61	1.63
	Mean	1.07	1.68	1.76	1.92	1.63	Q^**	0.96
TkB	Aupaba	2.02	2.73	2.96	3.16	2.66	1.70b
	F2	2.12	3.01	3.83	3.79	2.53	3.06 a
	Mean	2.07	2.87	3.40	3.48	2.60	Q^**	0.96
-------------------------------------------------------------------------2020 harvest-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
		---------------------------------P₂O₅ dose (kg ha^-1)-------------------------------
		0	16.7	33.3	50	66.7
LV	Aupaba	7.21 a	8.96 a	10.53 a	10.02 a	7.22 a	Q^**	0.95
	F2	6.12b	9.81 a	11.23 a	10.94 a	7.13 a	Q^**	0.98
	Mean	-	-	-	-	-
TnB	Aupaba	2.81	3.36	3.61	3.78	2.94	3.30
	F2	2.11	3.52	4.54	3.91	2.87	3.39
	Mean	2.46	3.44	4.08	3.85	2.90	Q^**	0.98
TkB	Aupaba	4.81 a	5.67 a	6.99 a	5.96 a	4.88 a	Q^**	0.87
TkB	F2	3.50b	5.94 a	7.02 a	6.92 a	4.24 a	Q^**	0.98
Mean	-	-	-	-	-

Nutrient	----------------------------------------------------P₂o₅ dose (kg ha^-1)-------------------------------------------------------------						Mean/eq.	R²
	Clone	0	16.7	33.3	50	66.7
		------------------------------------------------leaves-----------------------------------------------------
N	Aupaba	24.42	22.22	23.17	24.30	20.61	22.94
	F2	22.84	21.37	23.16	23.61	21.98	22.59
	Mean	23.64	21.80	23.16	23.96	21.30	22.67^ns	-
P	Aupaba	0.98	1.38	1.73	2.08	2.33	1.70 a
	F2	0.96	1.61	1.4	1.64	1.98	1.52b
	Mean	0.97	1.50	1.57	1.86	2.16	L^**	0.93
K	Aupaba	15.06	13.83	16.83	15.04	15.17	15.19
	F2	14.82	16.26	15.52	14.23	14.69	15.10
	Mean	14.92	15.04	16.17	14.63	14.93	15.14^ns	-
Ca	Aupaba	5.87	5.78	6.73	6.24	5.53	6.03
	F2	5.24	5.63	5.42	6.65	5.84	5.76
	Mean	5.55	5.7	6.07	6.44	5.68	5.89^ns	-
Mg	Aupaba	5.96	6.38	6.36	6.69	6.29	6.34
	F2	6.18	5.98	6.08	6.8	6.32	6.27
	Mean	6.07	6.18	6.22	6.75	6.3	6.30^ns	-
S	Aupaba	1.05	0.98	1.11	1.15	0.96	1.05
	F2	1.03	1.01	1.11	1.07	1.03	1.05
	Mean	1.04	1.00	1.11	1.11	1.00	1.05^ns	-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thin branches-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N	Aupaba	8.75	9.08	8.56	9.23	8.18	8.76
	F2	8.86	8.06	9.82	8.74	8.82	8.86
	Mean	8.81	8.57	9.19	8.98	8.50	8.81^ns	-
P	Aupaba	0.99	1.77	1.93	2.17	1.99	1.77
	F2	1.18	1.74	1.81	2.1	1.75	1.72
	Mean	1.09	1.76	1.87	2.14	1.87	Q^**	0.92
K	Aupaba	13.14	13.06	15.16	14.36	12.97	13.74
	F2	12.95	13.79	13.55	14.32	13.42	13.61
	Mean	13.05	13.43	14.36	14.34	13.20	Q^*	0.96
Ca	Aupaba	4.19	3.7	3.6	4.36	3.94	3.958
	F2	4.14	3.73	4.11	4.52	4.59	4.218
	Mean	4.17	3.72	3.86	4.44	4.27	4.09^ns	-
Mg	Aupaba	3.71	3.8	3.13	4.15	4.1	3.79
	F2	3.58	3.28	4.02	3.79	4.03	3.74
	Mean	3.65	3.54	3.58	3.97	4.07	3.76^ns	-
S	Aupaba	0.73	0.8	0.88	0.83	0.69	0.79
	F2	0.72	0.74	0.8	0.83	0.66	0.75
	Mean	0.73	0.77	0.84	0.83	0.68	Q^*	0.88
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thick branches-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N	Aupaba	6.49	6.31	6.40	6.39	5.88	6.29
	F2	6.66	6.69	6.27	6.48	7.49	6.72
	Mean	6.57	6.50	6.34	6.43	6.68	6.51^ns	-
P	Aupaba	0.61	1.1	1.18	1.2	1.21	1.06
	F2	0.62	1.14	1.21	1.27	1.27	1.10
	Mean	0.62	1.12	1.20	1.24	1.24	Q^**	0.87
K	Aupaba	9.46	9.05	9.36	9.14	9.09	9.22
	F2	9.44	9.79	10.23	9.35	9.74	9.71
	Mean	9.45	9.42	9.80	9.25	9.42	9.47^ns	-
Ca	Aupaba	4.19	3.95	4.24	4.24	3.11	3.95
	F2	3.84	3.39	3.95	4.04	4.72	3.99
	Mean	4.02	3.67	4.10	4.14	3.92	3.97^ns	-
Mg	Aupaba	2.21	2.66	2.12	2.31	1.93	2.25
	F2	2.41	2.19	2.17	2.33	2.57	2.33
	Mean	2.31	2.43	2.15	2.32	2.25	2.29^ns	-
S	Aupaba	0.39	0.44	0.42	0.4	0.4	0.41
S	F2	0.39	0.45	0.48	0.46	0.46	0.45
Mean	0.39	0.45	0.45	0.43	0.43	0.43^ns	-

Nutrient	-----------------------------------------P₂O₅ dose (kg ha^-1)-----------------------------------------------
	Clone	0	16.7	33.3	50	66.7	Mean/Eq.	R²
	------------------------------------------------COM--------------------------------------------------------
N	Aupaba	71.59 a	86.42 a	93.09b	100.10 a	62.24 a	Q^**	0.91
	F2	58.72b	83.92 a	109.36 a	102.32 a	63.76 a	Q^**	0.91
	Mean	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
P	Aupaba	3.46	6.81	8.34	10.24	8.16	7.40	-
	F2	3.06	7.70	8.51	9.01	6.54	6.96	-
	Mean	3.26	7.26	8.42	9.63	7.35	L^**	0.77
K	Aupaba	51.54 a	60.91 a	77.75b	72.44 a	53.05 a	Q^**	0.98
	F2	43.36b	72.88 a	84.86 a	73.04 a	49.17 a	Q^**	0.96
	Mean	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ca	Aupaba	19.16	23.56	28.14	27.81	18.40	23.41	-
	F2	14.94	23.98	28.30	31.57	18.88	23.53	-
	Mean	17.05	23.77	28.22	29.69	18.64	Q^**	0.99
Mg	Aupaba	19.05 a	25.44 a	26.30b	29.36 a	20.40 a	Q^**	0.92
	F2	16.65 a	24.73 a	30.86 a	31.15 a	19.68 a	Q^**	0.93
	Mean	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
S	Aupaba	3.42 a	4.26 a	4.97b	5.22 a	3.23 a	Q^**	0.93
	F2	2.89b	4.38 a	5.76 a	5.18 a	3.22 a	Q^**	0.94
	Medium	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------TT-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N	Aupaba	84.37	100.93	112.50	116.92	74.82	97.91	-
	F2	68.55	99.83	127.83	121.36	77.33	98.98	-
	Mean	76.46	100.38	120.46	119.14	76.08	Q^**	0.92
P	Aupaba	4.63	9.38	11.82	13.30	10.78	9.98	-
	F2	4.00	10.43	12.11	12.74	8.84	9.62	-
	Mean	4.32	9.91	11.97	13.02	9.81	L^**	0.79
K	Aupaba	70.35 a	81.94b	105.97 a	96.29 a	72.53 a	Q^**	0.96
	F2	57.24 a	96.34 a	114.79 a	100.56 a	66.54b	Q^**	0.97
	Mean	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ca	Aupaba	27.52	32.69	40.97	38.69	25.04	32.98	-
	F2	20.59	32.03	40.00	43.38	27.35	32.67	-
	Mean	24.06	32.36	40.49	41.04	26.19	Q^**	0.99
Mg	Aupaba	23.45 a	31.49 a	32.65b	35.50 a	24.52 a	Q^**	0.92
	F2	20.17 a	29.91 a	37.26 a	37.94 a	24.32 a	Q^**	0.93
	Mean	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
S	Aupaba	4.20 a	5.28 a	6.25b	6.30 a	4.10 a	Q^*	0.91
S	F2	3.49b	5.47 a	7.20 a	6.53 a	4.07 a	Q^**	0.96
Mean	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Treatment	----------------------------------------------------Crop growth phase-----------------------------------------------------------
	Planting/post-planting	Up to first harvest	From first to second harvest	Production
--------------------------------------------------------------------------P₂O₅ dose-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	-------------------------------------------g plant^-1 year^-1-------------------------------------------			kg ha^-1 year^-1
T1	0.0	0	0	0.0
T2	2.3	10	15	16.7
T3	4.5	20	30	33.3
T4	6.8	30	45	50.0
T5	9.0	40	60	66.7