Genetic control of quality melon traits

Dantas, Ana Carolina de Assis; Ricarte, Anânkia de Oliveira; Costa, José Maria da; Antônio, Rafaela Priscila; Tomaz, Francisco Linco de Souza; Nunes, Glauber Henrique de Sousa

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20220089

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BIOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 53 (7) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220089 copy

Genetic control of quality melon traits

Controle genético de caracteres de qualidade do melão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This research studied the genetic control of the traits related to melon fruit quality. The F₁, F₂, BC₁, BC₂ generations from the OL x A-16 and OL x PV crossings were evaluated in two separate trials conducted in randomized blocks with three replications. The evaluated traits were: average fruit weight, shape index, pulp thickness, pulp firmness, soluble solids content and cracking rate. The analyses were accomplished through a classic study of generations involving mixed models. The parameters on heritability and number of loci controlling the traits were evaluated in a broad and narrow sense. The inheritance of the evaluated traits is complex, presenting one gene of greater effect and polygenes with additive and dominant effects.

Key words:
Cucumis melo L.; greater effect genes; inheritance; mixed models; polygenes.

Authorship

Ana Carolina de Assis Dantas

Departamento de Agronomia, Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA), São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, Brasil.Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA)BrasilSão Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, BrasilDepartamento de Agronomia, Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA), São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-6008

Anânkia de Oliveira Ricarte

Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil. Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA)BrazilMossoró, RN, BrazilDepartamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-8967

José Maria da Costa

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-4898

Rafaela Priscila Antônio

Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuário, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Petrolina, PE, Brasil.Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa)BrazilPetrolina, PE, BrazilCentro de Pesquisa Agropecuário, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Petrolina, PE, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0913-0541

Francisco Linco de Souza Tomaz ^*E-mail: lincotomaz@gmail.com. *Corresponding author

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-8914

Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-2283

E-mail: lincotomaz@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Editors: Alberto Cargnelutti Filho(0000-0002-8608-9960) Leandro Souza da Silva(0000-0002-1636-6643)

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors contributed equally for the conception and writing of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved of the final version.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables | Formulas

Tables (4)
Formulas (1)

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Table 1
Models of inheritance used by the software Monogen v. 0.1 (SILVA, 2003SILVA, W. P. Estimadores de máxima verossimilhança em misturas de densidades normais: uma aplicação em genética. 2003. 60f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Estatística e Experimentação Agropecuária) - Curso de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Lavras.).

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Table 2
Test F (Wald) of the additive dominant model for average fruit weight (AFW), shape index (SI), pulp thickness (PT), pulp firmness (PF), and soluble solids content (SS) of melons.

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Table 3
Tests of genetic models using the maximum probability function for average fruit weight (AFW), shape index (SI), pulp thickness (PT), pulp firmness (PF), and soluble solids content (SS) of melons.

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Table 4
Variance components of the additive dominant model of average fruit weight (AFW), shape index (SI), pulp thickness (PT), pulp firmness (PF), and soluble solids content (SS) of melons.

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Table 1 Models of inheritance used by the software Monogen v. 0.1 (SILVA, 2003SILVA, W. P. Estimadores de máxima verossimilhança em misturas de densidades normais: uma aplicação em genética. 2003. 60f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Estatística e Experimentação Agropecuária) - Curso de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Lavras.).

Model	Parameter
1: Major gene with additive and dominance effects + polygenes with additive and dominance effects	μ, A, D, [a], [d], V_A, V_D, S_AD, σ²
2: Major gene with additive and dominance effects + polygenes with additive effects	μ, A, D, [a], V_A, σ²
3: Major gene with additive effect + polygenes with additive and dominance effects	μ, A, [a], [d], V_A, V_D, S_AD, σ²
4: Major gene with additive effect + polygenes with additive effect	μ, A, [a], V_A, σ²
5: Polygenes with additive and dominance effects	μ, [a], [d], V_A, V_D, S_AD, σ²
6: Polygenes with additive effect	μ, [a], V_A, σ²
7: Major gene with additive and dominance effects	μ, A, D, σ²
8: Major gene with additive effect	μ, A, σ²
9: Environmental effect	μ, σ²

µ: General mean; A: Additive effect of the major gene effect; D: Dominance effect of the major gene effect; [a]: Additive polygenic component; [d]: Dominance polygenic component; V_A: Additive variance; V_D: Variance attributed to the dominance deviances of the polygenic effects; S_AD: Component of the variation related to the products of the additive polygenic effects by the polygenic effects of dominance; (²: Environmental variance.

Table 2 Test F (Wald) of the additive dominant model for average fruit weight (AFW), shape index (SI), pulp thickness (PT), pulp firmness (PF), and soluble solids content (SS) of melons.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Traits------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	AFW (g)	SI	PT (cm)	PF (N)	SS (ºBrix)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Crossing OL x A-16-------------------------------------------------------------------
SV	------------------------------------------------------------F (Wald)----------------------------------------------------------------
Block	9.32^**	8.98^**	8.52^**	29.28^**	12.92^**
[a]	142.80^**	42.21^**	210.86^**	166.62^**	174.79^**
[d]	62.77^**	10.40^**	48.82^**	35.85^**	49.76^**
No adjust	1.77	2.29	1.48	0.59	0.53
Parameters	----------------------------------------------Estimation (Additive Dominant Model)------------------------------------------
m	604.12	1.23	3.47	3.77	6.50
a	300.59^**	0.25^**	1.89^**	2.38^**	2.60^**
d	174.55^**	0.10^**	0.71^**	1.29**	1.20^**
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Crossing OL x PV------------------------------------------------------------------------
SV	------------------------------------------------------------F (Wald)----------------------------------------------------------------
Block	14.43^**	17.42^**	6.34^**	3.62^**	4.12^**
[a]	28.75^**	228.45^**	10.34^**	26.53^**	16.03^**
[d]	22.43^**	27.32^**	10.22^**	16.96^**	10.91^**
No adjust	0.16	0.02	1.61	0.34	0.20
Parameters	----------------------------------------------Estimation (Additive Dominant Model)------------------------------------------
m	1280.99	1.35	4.40	2.42	7.90
a	359.72^**	0.32^**	1.01^**	1.10^**	1.70^**
d	218.48^**	0.21^**	0.12^*	0.37^**	0.45^*

SV: Sources of variation; ^**, ^*: Significative by test F of Wald at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, or significative by test t at 1 and 5% probability, respectively; AFW: Average Fruit Weight; SI: Shape Index of the fruit; PT: Pulp Thickness; PF: Pulp Firmness; SS: Soluble Solids content; [a ]: Additive polygenic component; [d ]: Dominance polygenic component; m: Mean; a: Additive effect; d: Dominance effect.

Table 3 Tests of genetic models using the maximum probability function for average fruit weight (AFW), shape index (SI), pulp thickness (PT), pulp firmness (PF), and soluble solids content (SS) of melons.

Test	DF	------------------------------------------------------------- $χ$ ---------------------------------------------------------------
		AFW (g)	SI	PT (cm)	PF (N)	SS (ºBrix)
--------------------------------------------------------------------Crossing OL x A-16------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 vs. 2	3	23.08^**	7.46^**	44.16^**	7.29^**	6.46^**
1 vs. 3	1	15.54^**	1.76	6.98^**	0.34	5.76^*
1 vs. 4	4	97.93^**	13.96^**	61.51^**	33.74^**	43.24^**
1 vs. 5	5	16.39^**	12.00^**	7.49^**	17.22^**	43.24^**
1 vs. 6	5	97.93^**	13.96^*	61.51^**	33.74^**	43.28^**
1 vs. 7	5	110.64^**	16.53^**	119.46^**	37.47^**	45.55^**
1 vs. 8	6	112.65^**	17.31^**	73.85^**	45.75^**	46.97^**
1 vs. 9	7	197.39^**	52.54^**	125.46^**	120.04^**	124.05^**
-------------------------------------------------------------------Crossing OL x PV---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 vs. 2	3	33.43^**	12.43^**	41.24^**	15.87^**	12.34^**
1 vs. 3	1	23.23^**	17.23^**	18.34^**	32.23^**	12.54^**
1 vs. 4	4	11.23^**	18.70^**	29.32^**	17.98^**	13.76^**
1 vs. 5	5	12.32^**	13.43^**	11.43^**	16.32^**	21.23^**
1 vs. 6	5	3.27	0.70	9.49	18.64^**	1.47
1 vs. 7	5	8.75	14.76^**	9.22^*	10.65^**	9.81^**
1 vs. 8	6	8.90	70.04^**	9.69	21.42^**	1.51
1 vs. 9	7	9.39	0.42	26.75^**	25.88^**	3.09

DF: Degrees of freedom; ^**, ^*: Significant effect by Chi-square test at 1 and 5% probability, respectively.

Table 4 Variance components of the additive dominant model of average fruit weight (AFW), shape index (SI), pulp thickness (PT), pulp firmness (PF), and soluble solids content (SS) of melons.

Variance component	--------------------------------------------------Estimations - Traits---------------------------------------------
	AFW (g)	SI	PT (cm)	PF (N)	SS (ºBrix)
---------------------------------------------------------------------Crossing OL x A-16-----------------------------------------------------------------------				PF (N)	SS (ºBrix)
σ2A	28007	0.008	1.808	5.864	4.695
σ2D	16474	0.006	0.765	2.706	1.575
σ2AD	0	0.003	0	0.181	0
σ2p	1718.88	0.001	0.547	0.105	0
σ2e	9023.29	0.019	0.006	0.855	0.973
h2n (%)	0.51	0.22	0.58	0.6	0.65
h2b (%)	0.81	0.46	0.82	0.9	0.87
ADD	1.08	1.22	0.92	0.96	0.82
	24.46	14.29	5.74	6.31	5.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------Crossing OL x PV---------------------------------------------------------------------------				6.31	5.2
σ2A	94935	0.013	0.073	0.507	1.65
σ2D	49518	0.008	0.044	0.217	1.006
σ2AD	0	0	0	0	0.238
σ2p	3468.74	0	0.028	0.317	0.166
σ2e	78836	0.011	0.346	0.389	1.408
h2n (%)	0.42	0.41	0.15	0.42	0.37
h2b (%)	0.64	0.66	0.24	0.43	0.65
ADD	1.02	1.11	1.1	0.93	1.1
	9.35	13.28	21.21	8.01	7.76

σ² _A: Additive variance; σ² _D: Dominance variance; σ² _AD: Additive dominance variance; σ² _p: Plot variance; σ² _e: Error variance; h² _n: Heritability in narrow sense; h² _b: Heritability in broad sense. ADD: Average degree of dominance; (: Number of loci.

χ

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[1] E-mail: lincotomaz@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author