Organic matter compartments in an Ultisol under integrated agricultural and livestock production systems in the Cerrado

Barbosa, Leovânio Rodrigues; Souza, Henrique Antunes de; Teixeira Neto, Marcos Lopes; Leite, Luiz Fernando Carvalho

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20200845

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SOIL SCIENCE • Cienc. Rural 52 (10) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200845 copy

Organic matter compartments in an Ultisol under integrated agricultural and livestock production systems in the Cerrado

Compartimentos da matéria orgânica em Argissolo sob sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária no Cerrado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Integrated agricultural production systems have the potential to increase organic matter content, which is reflected in the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations. Here, we evaluated the C and N stocks and its compartments in a typical distro cohesive yellow Ultisol under the no-till (NT) and crop-livestock integration (CLI) systems, in eastern Maranhão. Five areas with different management strategies were evaluated, more specifically, one area was managed under the NT system in succession for 14 years (soybean/millet), three areas had different CLI system adoption histories (i.e., CLI was adopted 2, 4, or 8 years prior to sample collection); and finally, one area consisted of native Cerrado (savannah) vegetation. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, and 0.30-0.50 m,to analyze the content and total stocks of carbon (C) and its compartments (physical and chemical), N content, soil microbial biomass, and basal respiration. Results revealed higher content and stock of C and N in areas with CLI. The principal humic substance reported was humin, and higher concentrations of C associated with minerals were present in areas under more recent CLI adoption (2 and 4 years). We demonstrated that the adoption of CLI, even if recent, leads to immediate increases in the concentrations of C and its fractions as a result of using forage crops. NT for 14 years and CLI for 8 years exhibited higher levels of C management and higher soil biological activity due to the greater stability of these systems.

Key words:
carbon fractionation; conservation management; crop-livestock integration

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: leovaniobarbosa@hotmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Area	pH	P	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	H+Al	CEC	BS	Sand	Silt	Clay	Ds
	H₂O	mg/dm³	--------------------cmol_c dm³---------------------					%	-------------g kg^-1--------------			kg dm^-3
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------0.00 - 0.10 m--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	6.08	41.7	3.65	1.13	0.26	3.17	8.21	61.3	782.0	100.0	118.0	1.59
CLI4	5.51	37.9	4.78	1.12	0.31	3.20	9.41	65.1	721.9	100.2	177.9	1.55
CLI8	5.67	33.9	3.64	0.94	0.11	3.44	8.16	58.2	757.8	58.9	183.3	1.60
NT14	5.70	49.9	3.26	1.18	0.13	2.04	6.60	69.1	713.4	141.3	145.3	1.68
FOREST	5.46	1.52	0.47	0.41	0.14	4.61	5.63	18.2	747.7	77.7	174.6	1.50
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------0.10 - 0.20 m--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	6.08	40.1	3.93	1.11	0.17	2.90	8.12	64.2	783.9	24.7	191.4	1.62
CLI4	5.35	40.8	3.74	0.68	0.20	3.64	8.26	55.4	707.0	154.4	138.6	1.71
CLI8	5.75	22.2	2.81	0.75	0.11	2.71	6.38	58.2	727.5	69.6	202.9	1.75
NT14	5.80	42.1	2.81	1.04	0.07	2.67	6.59	59.4	724.5	90.4	185.1	1.73
FOREST	5.39	1.32	0.23	0.41	0.10	4.47	5.21	14.8	704.5	112.1	183.4	1.59
	---------------------------------------------------------------------------0.20 - 0.30 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	5.48	18.6	1.44	0.86	0.11	4.16	6.08	31.5	725.8	55.8	218.4	1.55
CLI4	5.39	11.9	1.54	0.55	0.09	4.98	7.16	30.4	707.7	63.60	228.7	1.62
CLI8	5.48	11.7	1.71	0.52	0.17	4.40	6.79	34.4	715.9	61.7	222.4	1.69
NT14	5.97	15.4	2.02	0.76	0.10	3.88	6.76	42.5	698.0	89.2	212.8	1.73
FOREST	5.22	0.82	0.00	0.19	0.04	4.15	4.42	6.5	679.8	85.9	234.3	1.59
	---------------------------------------------------------------------------0.30 - 0.50 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	5.02	9.32	0.20	0.37	0.13	4.47	5.66	20.2	685.3	102.7	212.7	1.63
CLI4	5.34	5.57	1.32	0.49	0.06	5.23	7.10	26.3	639.8	104.3	255.8	1.68
CLI8	5.53	3.10	1.10	0.37	0.07	4.92	6.45	23.8	648.5	101.1	250.4	1.69
NT14	5.81	8.92	1.61	0.63	0.16	3.88	6.28	38.1	673.1	113.7	213.2	1.66
FOREST	5.21	0.85	0.00	0.18	0.07	4.69	5.05	6.8	660.5	96.2	243.3	1.62

Area	TOC	TN	C/N	CS	NS
	--------------------g kg^-1-------------------			--------------------Mg ha^-1-------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------0.00 - 0.10 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	16.9 a¹	0.7 b	23.9 a	25.4 a¹	1.17 b
CLI4	17.2 a	1.1 a	15.6 b	25.8 a	1.72 a
CLI8	16.0 a	1.0 a	15.9 b	23.9 ab	1.51 a
NT14	14.2 b	0.8 b	17.7 b	21.3 bc	1.08 b
FOREST	13.4 b	0.8 b	16.7 b	19.8 c	1.21 ab
--------------------------------------------------------------------------0.10 - 0.20 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	17.3 a	0.7 b	23.0 a	26.6 a	1.8 a
CLI4	16.7 ab	1.1 a	14.5 c	27.5 a	1.1 bc
CLI8	15.2 b	0.8 b	17.3 b	24.2 ab	1.3 ab
NT14	14.3 bc	0.8 b	18.0 b	22.6 b	1.0 c
FOREST	13.5 c	0.7 b	18.0 b	21.5 b	1.2 b
-------------------------------------------------------------------------0.20 - 0.30 m--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	14.5 a	0.5 b	28.9 a	22.0 a	0.7 b
CLI4	13.9 ab	0.7 a	19.9 b	22.1 a	1.3 a
CLI8	13.5 ab	0.7 a	19.2 b	21.4 b	1.2 a
NT14	11.8 b	0.6 ab	19.7 b	19.0 b	0.7 b
FOREST	10.8 b	0.5 b	21.0 ab	17.6 b	0.9 b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------0.30 - 0.50 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	13.9 a	0.4 b	33.9 a	38.1 ab	1.3 b
CLI4	11.9 ab	0.5 a	23.0 b	44.4 a	2.2 a
CLI8	11.9 ab	0.5 a	21.3 bc	38.1 ab	1.8 ab
NT14	10.9 b	0.4 b	27.4 b	34.9 b	1.0 b
FOREST	10.7 b	0.4 b	26.3 b	34.2 b	1.7 ab
-----------------------------------------------------------------Cumulative stock (0 - 0.50 m)--------------------------------------------------------------
	CLI2	CLI4	CLI8	NT14	FOREST
	-----------------------------------------------------------CS Mg ha^-1-----------------------------------------------------------
0-0.50 m	112.3 ab²	121.0 a	107.8 b	98.0 c	93.3 c
	-----------------------------------------------------------NS Mg ha^-1----------------------------------------------------------
0-0.50 m	4.9 c	6.3 a	5.8 3b	3.8 d	5.0c

Area	FA	HA	HA/FA	Hum	POC	MAOC	CL	CMI
------------------------------------------------------------------------------g kg^-1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------0.00 - 0.10 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	4.8 a¹	0.6 b	1.3 b	11.5 a	0.2 a¹	16.7 a	0.1 b	100.4 c
CLI4	5.6 a	2.2 a	3.6 a	10.0 ab	0.2 a	17.6 a	0.1 b	177.8 ab
CLI8	5.2 a	1.2 ab	2.3 ab	9.5 ab	0.2 a	15.6 b	0.1 b	144.7 b
NT14	4.7 a	0.7 b	1.4 b	8.7 b	0.3 a	13.8 c	0.2 a	200.0 a
FOREST	5.3 a	1.4 ab	2.6 ab	6.4 c	0.1 a	13.0 c	0.1 b	100.0 c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------0.10 - 0.20 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	4.8 b	0.8 bc	1.8 b	10.9 a	0.2 a	17.6 a	0.1 b	144.2 bc
CLI4	6.2 a	1.9 a	3.1 a	9.4 ab	0.2 a	17.5 a	0.1 b	110.7 c
CLI8	5.2 ab	1.0 bc	2.1 ab	8.3 bc	0.2 a	14.7 b	0.2 a	171.4 ab
NT14	4.2 b	0.6 c	1.4 b	9.3 ab	0.3 a	13.9 c	0.2 a	198.1 a
FOREST	5.3 ab	1.1 b	2.2 ab	7.0 c	0.2 a	13.3 c	0.1 b	100.0 c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------0.20 - 0.30 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	4.0 a	0.5 b	1.2 b	9.4 a	0.2 a	13.7 ab	0.1 c	72.5 bc
CLI4	5.2 a	1.3 a	2.6 a	8.2 a	0.1 a	14.7 a	0.1 c	56.9 c
CLI8	5.4 a	0.6 b	1.1 b	7.2b	0.3 a	12.8 ab	0.2b	112.4 a
NT14	4.2 a	0.4 b	1.2 b	7.1 b	0.3 a	11.6 b	0.3 a	96.7 ab
FOREST	4.3 a	0.8 ab	1.8 ab	5.7 c	0.2 a	10.6 c	0.3 a	100.0 ab
--------------------------------------------------------------------------0.30 - 0.50 m-------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLI2	4.3 a	0.4 a	1.1 b	7.0 ab	0.2 a	11.7 ab	0.1 b	89.7 b
CLI4	2.7 b	0.5 a	2.7 a	9.3 a	0.2 a	13.6 a	0.1 b	70.0 b
CLI8	2.2 b	0.5 a	1.2 b	6.9 ab	0.3 a	11.6 ab	0.2 a	111.4 ab
NT14	4.4 a	0.6 a	1.3 b	5.9 b	0.2 a	10.7 b	0.2 a	145.5 a
FOREST	4.0 a	0.7 a	1.9 ab	5.9 b	0.3 a	11.6 ab	0.1 b	100.0 b

Area	CBM	qMIC	Respiration	qCO₂
	mg kg ^-1 of soil	CBM:TOC	mg C-CO₂ g^-1 day^-1	mg C-CO₂ g^-1 mg CBM day^-1
CLI2	81.6 ab	2.3 ab	14.8 bc	0.6 a
CLI4	75.6 ab	2.0ab	19.1ab	0.1c
CLI8	112.5 a¹	3.5 a	17.6 ab	0.1 c
NT14	107.9 a	3.6 a	24.3 a	0.2 b
FOREST	50.6 b	1.8 b	16.2 b	0.2 b

Attributes	--------0-0.1 m--------		---------0.1-0.2 m------		--------0.2-0.3 m-------		---------0.3-0.5 m------
Attributes	CP1	CP2	CP1	CP2	CP1	CP2	CP1	CP2
TOC	0.25	-0.40	0.27	-0.35	0.28	-0.16	0.34	-0.22
TN	0.39	-0.01	0.36	-0.02	0.34	0.26	0.36	0.17
C/N	-0.32	-0.27	-0.29	-0.24	-0.22	-0.40	-0.28	-0.32
CS	0.24	-0.41	0.27	-0.35	0.30	-0.16	0.34	-0.26
NS	0.39	-0.01	0.35	-0.06	0.34	0.27	0.36	0.16
HA	0.35	0.19	0.26	0.34	0.35	-0.03	-0.07	0.56
FA	0.35	0.24	0.37	0.10	0.30	0.32	-0.32	-0.06
HA/FA	0.35	0.19	0.10	0.41	0.30	-0.10	0.20	0.40
Hum	0.08	-0.50	0.02	-0.49	-0.40	-0.53	0.28	-0.37
POC	-0.18	-0.26	-0.38	-0.06	-0.28	0.28	0.17	0.07
MAOC	0.27	-0.37	0.29	-0.33	0.32	-0.20	0.35	-0.21
CMI	0.00	-0.10	-0.28	-0.23	-0.25	0.37	0.24	0.25
Eigenvalues	6.44	3.68	6.73	3.88	6.35	3.57	6.96	2.93
Total variance (%)	53.71	30.68	56.16	32.34	52.98	29.80	58.08	24.45
Cumulative variance (%)	53.71	84.40	56.16	88.50	52.98	82.79	58.08	82.53