Variability of individuals from a population <i>Varronia curassavica</i> Jacq. considering volatile compounds

Fernandes, Thaíse Ohana Moura; Araújo, Emanuelle Oliveira; Santos, Adson Pereira dos; Silva, Júlio Cesar Rodrigues Lopes; Fonseca, Francine Souza Alves da; Azevedo, Alcinei Místico; Martins, Ernane Ronie

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210040

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BIOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 52 (8) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210040 copy

Variability of individuals from a population Varronia curassavica Jacq. considering volatile compounds

Variabilidade de indivíduos de uma população de Varonia curassavica Jacq. a partir de compostos voláteis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Varronia curassavica is a medicinal species native to Brazil; its anti-inflammatory properties are attributed to α-humulene and β-caryophyllene. This study to investigated the population variability of V. curassavica. Leaves were collected from 40 individuals of a natural population and transferred to glass flasks (2 mL). The volatiles were extracted and analyzed using static headspace gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). A total of 17 compounds were detected: monoterpenes (1.6% - 68%) and sesquiterpenes (25.7% - 79.0%), including α-humulene and β-caryophyllene. Multivariate analysis was performed to estimate the dissimilarity of individuals separated the compounds into four groups. Group I was characterized by the content of α-pinene, groups II and IV by β-caryophyllene, and group III by β-pinene. The abundance of α-humulene showed small variations; while β-caryophyllene showed larger variations that contributed to the population variability. This is the first report on the chemical composition analysis of volatile compounds in V. curassavica using the HS-GC-MS technique.

Key words:
α-humulene; β-caryophyllene; Boraginaceae; Cordia verbenacea D.C.; genetic resources.

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: thaiseohana@hotmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

			1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
RT	RI_tab	Compounds	------------------------------------Relative Abundance (%)----------------------------------
9.2	846	Hex-2-enal	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.2	-	-	-
14.1	932	α-Pinene	43.2	43.4	35.8	5.6	4.6	35.3	1.5	22.1	7.9	18.7
14.7	946	Camphene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.4	-
16.9	974	β-Pinene	19.5	15.1	24.3	22.7	15.3	11.9	2.8	13.1	26.5	19.6
17.7	988	β-Myrcene	2.4	2.0	3.1	1.8	-	-	3.1	-	16.7	2.6
20.2	1025	Sylvestrene	1.1	1.1	1.4	1.2	-	-	-	-	2.1	1.2
20.4	1026	Eucalyptol	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.0	-	1.8	-
21.5	1032	β-Cimene	-	-	-	-	1.3	-	-	-	-	-
38.0	1374	Copaene	2.6	2.8	2.1	4.8	-	-	4.3	2.8	2.2	3.0
38.3	1387	β-Bourbonene	-	-	-	1.9	5.3	3.2	2.8	-	-	-
38.5	1389	β-Elemene	1.1	-	-	1.8	1.4	1.1	2.2	-	-	1.8
39.3	1409	α-Gurjunene	-	1.0	1.0	-	-	-	2.0	-	-	-
39.6	1417	β-Caryophyllene	8.9	10.5	12.1	22.7	24.1	19.7	30.9	17.3	12.1	20.2
40.7	1452	α-Humulene	1.0	1.2	1.4	2.5	2.8	2.1	3.5	2.0	1.3	2.2
40.9	1458	Alloaromadendrene	2.6	3.3	2.3	-	-	3.5	5.6	-	2.0	2.9
41.7	1513	γ-Cadinene	9.4	8.6	7.2	17.5	23.9	12.9	15.0	11.9	9.6	11.7
42.1	1559	Germacrene B	2.3	3.6	3.2	2.9	5.7	-	-	5.7	2.0	3.5
Others^*			5.9	7.5	6.1	14.6	14.2	10.2	21.1	20.5	13.6	12.8
Monoterpenes			66.2	61.5	64.6	31.3	21.2	47.3	7.5	35.2	55.5	42.0
Sesquiterpernes			27.8	30.9	29.2	54.1	63.3	42.5	66.3	39.7	29.2	45.3
Total			94.0	92.5	93.9	85.4	84.5	89.8	78.9	74.9	86.4	87.2

			11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
RT	RI_tab	Compounds	----------------------------------------Relative Abundance (%)----------------------------------
9.2	846	Hex-2-enal	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14.1	932	α-Pinene	5.7	48.9	-	22.3	29.1	8.3	4.0	22.9	-	27.5
14.7	946	Camphene	-	-	-	-	-	1.0	-	-	-	-
16.9	974	β-Pinene	23.1	16.3	13.9	20.2	23.3	29.0	11.9	15.9	1.6	13.4
17.7	988	β-Myrcene	1.1	1.9	2.0	2.7	3.1	3.5	-	2.1	-	1.1
20.2	1025	Sylvestrene	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.4	1.4	-	-	-	-
20.4	1026	Eucalyptol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
21.5	1032	β-Ocimene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
38.0	1374	Copaene	4.8	1.9	2.5	3.2	2.8	3.4	2.9	3.2	5.4	3.5
38.3	1387	β-Bourbonene	1.7	1.3	-	-	-	1.3	-	1.0	1.2	-
38.5	1389	β-Elemene	1.3	-	-	-	1.4	-	2.0	-	1.3	-
39.3	1409	α-Gurjunene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
39.6	1417	β-Caryophyllene	19.3	11.1	13.0	18.6	10.3	16.8	29.5	18.3	37.3	20.9
40.7	1452	α-Humulene	2.3	1.2	1.4	2.0	1.2	2.0	3.1	1.9	3.8	2.2
40.9	1458	Alloaromadendrene	3.4	2.0	-	-	-	-	2.3	-	-	-
41.7	1513	γ-Cadinene	19.9	6.1	10.0	12.2	11.0	15.8	12.2	11.8	24.2	11.2
42.1	1559	Germacrene B	2.5	2.1	4.5	2.8	4.3	4.9	6.3	3.7	5.8	2.9
Others^*			13.8	6.2	48.6	14.6	12.2	12.7	19.8	14.9	9.2	14.1
Monoterpenes			31.0	68.1	16.8	46.5	56.9	43.2	16.0	40.9	1.6	42.0
Sesquiterpernes			55.2	25.7	31.4	38.9	31.0	44.2	58.2	39.9	79.0	40.7
Total			86.2	93.8	48.2	85.4	87.8	87.3	74.1	80.8	80.5	82.7

			21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
RT	RI_tab	Compounds	--------------------------------------Relative Abundance (%)-------------------------------------
9.2	846	Hex-2-enal	1.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14.1	932	α-Pinene	4.5	-	30.8	5.6	31.8	22.3	5.8	9.0	10.9	43.3
14.7	946	Camphene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.0	-	-
16.9	974	β-Pinene	19.2	12.8	16.0	22.7	15.8	20.7	25.0	34.2	3.6	14.2
17.7	988	β-Myrcene	1.5	1.6	1.3	2.9	1.1	2.8	3.2	4.3	-	2.0
20.2	1025	Sylvestrene	-	-	-	1.1	-	1.2	1.4	1.9	-	1.0
20.4	1026	Eucalyptol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
21.5	1032	β-Ocimene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
38.0	1374	Copaene	4.7	2.8	3.4	3.8	1.6	2.1	4.6	3.6	3.9	2.7
38.3	1387	β-Bourbonene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
38.5	1389	β-Elemene	2.2	1.0	-	1.2	2.3	1.1	1.2	-	1.0	-
39.3	1409	α-Gurjunene	-	-	-	1.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
39.6	1417	β-Caryophyllene	19.8	19.3	16.3	19.5	12.8	17.3	16.2	12.7	30.1	14.1
40.7	1452	α-Humulene	2.3	2.0	1.8	2.2	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.4	3.0	1.5
40.9	1458	Alloaromadendrene	-	2.1	-	3.9	2.0	2.4	-	-	2.6	-
41.7	1513	γ-Cadinene	20.3	10.1	13.9	17.1	7.6	10.0	17.8	13.8	15.1	10.3
42.1	1559	Germacrene B	9.4	4.0	2.6	5.1	3.2		7.3	4.5	3.9	3.1
Others^*			13.1	40.6	13.9	13.9	20.4	16.0	14.6	13.4	20.8	7.9
Monoterpenes			25.2	14.5	48.1	32.3	48.6	46.8	35.4	50.5	14.5	60.4
Sesquiterpernes			58.7	41.2	38.1	53.8	31.0	34.8	49.0	36.1	59.8	31.7
Total			84.9	55.7	86.1	86.1	79.6	81.6	84.4	86.6	74.2	92.1

			31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40
RT	RI_tab	Compounds	----------------------------------------Relative Abundance (%)----------------------------------
9.2	846	Hex-2-enal	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.4
14.1	932	α-Pinene	32.3	7.9	15.8	17.8	27.6	5.3	4.4	1.7	3.1	8.7
14.7	946	Camphene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16.9	974	β-Pinene	21.4	30.8	19.4	19.7	23.0	23.7	17.4	4.1	9.7	5.9
17.7	988	β-Myrcene	2.8	3.8		1.7	3.0	1.9	-	3.4	-	-
20.2	1025	Sylvestrene	1.3	1.5	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.1	-	-	-	-
20.4	1026	Eucalyptol	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
21.5	1032	β-Ocimene	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
38.0	1374	Copaene	2.1	-	4.2	4.7	2.5	4.3	3.1	3.7	4.4	4.4
38.3	1387	β-Bourbonene	-	-	-	1.3	-	1.4	-	-	-	-
38.5	1389	β-Elemene	-	-	-	1.1	1.9	1.1	1.1	2.7	1.1	-
39.3	1409	α-Gurjunene	17.4	1.7	-	-	-	-	-	1.2	-	-
39.6	1417	β-Caryophyllene	-	24.3	15.0	12.5	13.7	21.0	27.5	31.7	29.3	25.8
40.7	1452	α-Humulene	1.7	2.5	1.7	1.6	1.4	2.3	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.7
40.9	1458	Alloaromadendrene	-	7.6	4.5	-	2.4	-	3.0	2.9	-	-
41.7	1513	γ-Cadinene	9.3	1.2	14.8	18.7	9.6	16.1	11.4	13.9	18.0	17.9
42.1	1559	Germacrene B	2.4	2.7	3.4	2.8	2.0	7.8	6.0	6.2	7.9	3.8
Others^*			6.3	15.9	19.0	16.2	11.6	14.0	16.6	18.0	18.4	23.7
Monoterpenes			57.8	44.1	36.3	40.2	54.9	32.0	21.8	9.1	12.8	14.5
Sesquiterpernes			32.9	40.0	43.7	42.7	33.5	54.0	54.8	65.5	63.7	54.6
Total			90.7	84.1	80.0	82.9	88.4	86.0	76.6	74.6	76.4	70.6

Compounds	S.J (%)
α-Pinene	56.02
β-Pinene	15.24
β-Caryophyllene	15.11
γ-Cadinene	6.10
α-Gurjunene	2.05
β-Myrcene	1.92
Germacrene B	1.20
Alloaromadendrene	0.94
Copaene	0.45
β-Bourbonene	0.34
β-Elemene	0.18
α-Humulene	0.12
Sylvestrene	0.12
Eucalyptol	0.08
Hex-2-enal	0.05
Camphene	0.05
β-Ocimene	0.01

Groups	Individuals
I	20 23 18 8 30 14 13 22 15 10 26 35 3 1 2 12 33 34 25 24 37 27 36 11 4 16 29 17 39 28 38 21 40 6 19 32 31
II	5
III	9
IV	7