Characterization of the self-perception of oral health in the Brazilian adult population

Bordin, Danielle; Fadel, Cristina Berger; Moimaz, Suzely Adas Saliba; Santos, Celso Bilynkievycz dos; Garbin, Cléa Adas Saliba; Saliba, Nemre Adas

doi:10.1590/1413-81232020259.29612018

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Sumário

FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (9) • Sept 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.29612018 copy

Characterization of the self-perception of oral health in the Brazilian adult population

Caracterização da condição percebida de saúde bucal na população adulta brasileira

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article aims to perform an analysis of the factors that determine the self-perception of oral health of Brazilians, based on a multidimensional methodology basis. This is a cross-sectional study with data from a national survey. A household interview was conducted with a sample of 60,202 adults. Self-perception of oral health was considered the outcome variable and sociodemographic characteristics, self-care and oral health condition, use of dental services, general health and work condition as independent variables. The dimensionality reduction test was used and the variables that showed a relationship were submitted to logistic regression. The negative oral health condition was related to difficulty feeding, negative evaluation of the last dental appointment, negative self-perception of general health condition, not flossing, upper dental loss, and reason for the last dental appointment. The use of a multidimensional methodological basis was able to design explanatory models for the self-perception of oral health of Brazilian adults, and these results should be considered in the implementation, evaluation, and qualification of the oral health network.

Key words
Oral Health; Perception; Self-evaluation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Mining

Variables	Class	Total		Positive Perception		Negative Perception
Variables	Class	n	%	n	%	n	%
Self-perception of oral health		60202	100	39572	66	20630	34
Sociodemographic Characteristics
Gender	Male	25920	43	16570	64	9350	36
Gender	Fame	34282	57	23002	67	11280	33
Age	18 a 30	15750	26	11309	72	4441	28
	31 a 40	14139	23	9629	68	4510	32
	41a 50	11160	19	7075	63	4085	37
	51 a 60	10426	17	5279	51	5147	49
	More than 60	8727	14	6280	72	2447	28
	Negative	21061	35	10226	49	10835	51
Skin color/ethnicity	White	24106	40	17183	71	6923	29
	Black	5631	9	3411	61	2220	39
	Asian	533	1	344	65	189	35
	Mixed-race	29512	49	18390	62	11122	38
	Indian	417	1	242	58	175	42
	Ignored	03	0	2	67	1	33
Live with spouse	Yes	34522	57	22433	65	12089	35
Live with spouse	No	25680	43	17139	67	8541	33
Marital status	Married	23741	39	15800	67	7941	33
	Separated or Divorced	4727	8	3186	67	1541	33
	Widowed	4708	8	2899	62	1809	38
	Single	27026	45	17687	65	9339	35
Literacy	Yes	54335	90	36638	67	17697	33
Literacy	No	5867	10	2934	50	2933	50
Level of education	Literate	7630	13	4337	57	3293	43
	Elementary school	15288	25	8979	59	6309	41
	High School	18589	31	12849	69	5740	31
	University	8109	13	6499	80	1610	20
	Postgraduate	487	1	417	86	70	14
	Did not answer	10099	17	6491	64	3608	36
Region of residence	North	12536	21	7830	62	4706	38
	Northeast	18305	30	10861	59	7444	41
	Southeast	14294	24	10167	71	4127	29
	South	7548	13	5476	73	2072	27
	Midwest	7519	12	5238	70	2281	30
Oral Health Condition
Lower dental loss	None	21133	35	16571	78	4562	22
	Some	32121	53	18625	58	13496	42
	All teeth missing	6948	12	4376	63	2572	37
Number of natural teeth present	None	10019	17	5907	59	4112	41
Number of natural teeth present	> 10	50183	83	33665	67	16518	33
Use of dental prosthesis	≤ 10	24431	41	14269	58	10162	42
	No	14932	25	8970	60	5962	40
	Yes, but needs to replace some teeth	5558	9	3668	66	1890	34
	Yes, but needs to replace all teeth	15281	25	12665	83	2616	17
General Health Condition
Difficulty getting around	Yes	1567	3	811	52	756	48
Difficulty getting around	No	58635	97	38761	66	19874	34
Difficulty seeing	Yes	23859	40	15951	67	7908	33
Difficulty seeing	No	36343	60	23621	65	12722	35
Consume alcoholic drinks	Yes	23002	38	15332	67	7670	33
Consume alcoholic drinks	No	37200	62	24240	65	12960	35
Perform physical activity	Yes	17896	30	13189	74	4707	26
Perform physical activity	No	42306	70	26383	62	15923	38
Use tobacco	Yes	8729	14	4853	56	3876	44
Use tobacco	No	51473	86	34719	67	16754	33
Presence of any chronic, physical or mental illness	Yes	27250	45	22983	84	4267	16
Presence of any chronic, physical or mental illness	No	32952	55	16589	50	16363	50
Use of dental services
Time since the last dental appointment	In the last 12 months	25656	43	18688	73	6968	27
	Over 1 and under 2 years	11518	19	7622	66	3896	34
	Over 2 years	20942	35	12162	58	8780	42
	Never went to the dentist	2086	3	1100	53	986	47
Duration of dental appointment	≤ 30 minutes	17088	28	12274	72	4814	28
	30 < 61 minutes	7439	12	5648	76	1791	24
	> 60 minutes	1129	2	766	68	363	32
	Not applicable	34546	57	20884	60	13662	40
The dental appointment by	Health Insurance	4744	8	3835	81	909	19
	Private	14042	23	10647	76	3395	24
	SUS	6451	11	3947	61	2504	39
	Did not know/Not answered	34965	58	20884	60	14081	40
Individual health insurance	Yes	4744	8	3835	10	909	4
	No	20912	35	14853	38	6059	29
	Not answered	34546	57	20844	53	13662	66
Oral Self-care
Brushing frequency	Never brushed	132	0	58	44	74	56
	Does not brush every day	520	1	191	37	329	63
	Once a day	4791	8	2229	47	2562	53
	Twice a day or more	53594	89	36575	68	17019	32
	Not answered	1165	2	519	45	646	55
Toothbrush	Yes	58719	98	38902	66	19817	34
	No	186	0	93	50	93	50
	Not answered	1297	2	577	44	720	56
Toothpaste	Yes	58669	97	38874	66	19795	34
	No	236	0	121	51	115	49
	Not answered	1297	2	577	44	720	56
Toothbrush replacement frequency	Less than 3 months	27958	46	19590	70	8368	30
	More than 3 months	30947	51	19405	63	11542	37
	Not answered	1297	2	577	44	720	56
Work characteristics
Has a paid job	Yes	33990	56	23289	69	10701	31
Has a paid job	No	26212	44	16283	62	9929	38
Occupation	Domestic Work	2784	5	1640	59	1144	41
	Private sector employee	16267	27	11567	71	4700	29
	Public sector employee	5841	10	4416	76	1425	24
	Employer	1023	2	791	77	232	23
	Free-lancer	10092	17	6150	61	3942	39
	Unpaid worker	435	1	276	63	159	37
	Not answered	23760	39	14732	62	9028	38
Number of jobs	One	34776	58	23671	68	11105	32
	Two or more	1666	3	1169	70	497	30
	Not applicable	23760	39	14732	62	9028	38
Income	≤ 216 dollars	11661	19	6840	59	4821	41
	216 > 421 dollars	12319	20	8364	68	3955	32
	420 > 841 dollars	6988	12	5174	74	1814	26
	> 840 dollars	5027	8	4175	83	852	17
	Not applicable	24207	40	15019	62	9188	38
Number of hours worked per week	≥ 20 hours	4264	7	2247	53	2017	47
	20 > 41 hours	16576	28	10609	64	5967	36
	> 40 hours	15602	26	10132	65	5470	35
	Not applicable	23760	39	16584	70	7176	30
Works at night	Yes	5419	9	3795	70	1624	30
	No	31023	52	21045	68	9978	32
	Not applicable	23760	39	14732	62	9028	38

Variables	Class	Total		Positive Perception		Negative Perception
Variables	Class	n	%	n	%	n	%
Oral Health Condition
Difficulty eating	None	53336	89	38886	73	14450	27
Difficulty eating	Some	6866	11	686	10	6180	90
Upper dental loss	No teeth lost	22387	37	17568	78	4819	22
	Some teeth lost	26806	45	15390	57	11416	43
	All teeth lost	11009	18	6614	60	4395	40
General Health Condition
Self-perception of general health	Positive	39141	65	29346	75	9795	25
Self-perception of general health	Negative	21061	35	10226	49	10835	51
Use of dental services
Reason for the last dental appointment	Prevention or check up	14048	23	11551	82	2497	18
	Treatment	11144	19	6859	62	4285	38
	Other	464	1	278	60	186	40
	Not answered	34546	57	20884	60	13662	40
Evaluation of the dental service received	Positive	23248	39	17520	75	5728	25
	Negative	2408	4	1168	49	1240	51
	Not answered	34546	57	20884	60	13662	40
Oral Self-care
Use of dental floss	Yes	30699	51	23154	75	7545	25
	No	28206	47	15841	56	12365	44
	Not answered	1297	2	577	44	720	56

Variable	Oddis Ratio (OR)
Difficulty eating
None	1.00
Some	5.81
Upper dental loss
None tooth lost	1.00
Some teeth lost	1.49
All teeth lost	0.86
Self-perception of general health
Positive	1.00
Negative	1.91
Evaluation of the dental service received
Positive	1.00
Negative	2.50
Reason for the last dental appointment
Prevention, check-up	1.00
Treatment	1.07
Other	1.21
Use of Dental Floss
Yes	1.00
No	1.88

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[1] Collaborations

D Bordin delineated the study, interpreted the data and wrote the article. CB Fadel delineated the study and carried out the writing of the article. CB Santos conducted the statistical analysis, created the index for analysis and performed the interpretation of the data. CAS Garbin, SAS Moimaz and NA Saliba contributed writing and critical content review.