Abstract
The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review to establish the major dietary habits of adolescents and the corresponding association with cardiovascular risk factors. Research was performed in the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases in addition to a manual search for original articles published between 2005 and 2014. Of the 371 entries identified; 26 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were covered in the review. The main dietary habits observed were Western (61%) Healthy (42%) and Traditional (38%). Western dietary habits were positively associated with total cholesterol and SM, while Healthy dietary habits were inversely associated with fasting glycaemia, DBP and SM and positively with HDL-C, all of the aforementioned associations with very low (D) quality of evidence in accordance with the GRADE rating. The Traditional dietary habits were considered a risk factor for hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia and protection for physical activity and eutrophic BMI. Although these results need to be analyzed with caution, due to the low quality of evidence, there is a clear need for actions aimed at promoting healthy dietary habits in adolescents in order to contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors.
Food consumption; Dietary habit; Cardiovascular disease; Adolescent; Systematic review
Legenda: AF: Análise Fatorial; AA: Análise de Agrupamentos; RRR: Regressão por Redução de Posto.
Legenda: CC – Circunferência da Cintura; F – sexo feminino; HDL – Lipoproteína da Alta Densidade-c; HOMA – Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase; IMC: Índice de Massa Corporal; LDL-c – Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade-c; M – sexo masculino; PAD – Pressão Arterial Diastólica; PAS- Pressão Arterial Sistólica; TG – Triglicerídeos. * No Quadro 1 são mostrados apenas os dados referentes aos estudos que verificaram associação significativa entre os padrões alimentares obtidos e fatores de risco para DCV.
Legenda: CC – Circunferência da Cintura; HDL – Lipoproteína da Alta Densidade-c; IMC: Índice de Massa Corporal; LDL-c – Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade-c; PAD – Pressão Arterial Diastólica; PAS- Pressão Arterial Sistólica; SM – Síndrome Metabólica; TG – Triglicerídeos. Qualidade da evidência (sistema GRADE): A – Alta; B – Moderada; C – Baixa; D – Muito Baixa.
