Relationship between body composition and dyslipidemia in children and adolescentes

Oliosa, Polyana Romano; Zaniqueli, Divanei dos Anjos; Barbosa, Míriam Carmo Rodrigues; Mill, José Geraldo

doi:10.1590/1413-812320182410.17662017

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 24 (10) • Oct 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182410.17662017 copy

Relationship between body composition and dyslipidemia in children and adolescentes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

We studied the relationship between different anthropometric indexes and plasma lipids. Data were collected from 2014 to 2016 in 854 schoolchildren (6-18 years). Waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP) by bioimpedance, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were measured. Total cholesterol (TC), HDLc, and triglycerides were measured in fasting blood samples and Non-HDL cholesterol (Non-HDLc) was calculated. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with percentages. Means were compared using the t test or ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. The association between variables was tested by linear regression. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Obese boys had higher TC, non-HDLc, and LDLc than eutrophic boys (p < 0.05). In girls this difference was found only for non-HDLc (p < 0.05). Children with inappropriate BFP and WHtR presented higher LDLc and non-HDLc concentrations (p < 0.001), which showed positive association (p<0.001) with lipid fractions (TC and non-HDLc). Excess body fat increased the probability of cholesterol above the reference value (170 mg/dL) by 21%. Excess body fat was associated with an atherogenic lipid profile (higher non-HDLc), especially in boys.

Key words
Dyslipidemia; Child; Adolescent; Body composition; Anthropometry

Variables	Female		Male		All
Variables	n	%	' n	%	n	%	p-value^* * Chi square. Significance p < 0.05. 1 The cutoff points for classifying individuals were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000). Age: n = 854; Waist Circumference (WC): n = 840; Body Fat Percentage (BFP): n = 838; Nutritional Status: n = 854; Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR): n = 840; HDLc (mg/dL): High density lipoprotein, n = 836; LDLc (mg/dL): Low density lipoprotein, n = 833; Non-HDLc (mg/dL): Total Cholesterol minus HDLc, n = 833; Total Cholesterol (mg/dL): n = 833; Triglycerides (mg/dL), n = 836
Age							0.797
6 9 years 9 15 years 15 19 years	64 253 59	17.0 67.3 15.7	79 331 68	16.5 69.2 14.2	143 584 127	16.7 68.4 14.9
Waist Circumference (cm)							0.113
Appropriate (< p80) Inappropriate (≥ p80)	299 70	81.0 19.0	401 70	85.1 14.9	700 140	83.3 16.7
Waist-to-Height Ratio (cm)							0.513
Appropriate (p < 90) Inappropriate (p ≥ 90)	322 48	87.0 13.0	416 54	88.5 11.5	738 102	87.9 12.1
Body Fat Percentage (%)							0.603
Appropriate Inappropriate	261 107	70.9 29.1	341 129	72.6 27.4	602 236	71.8 28.2
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)							0.666
Desirable (< 170) Borderline (170-199) Altered (≥ 200)	300 54 11	82.2 14.8 3.0	395 62 11	84.4 13.2 2.4	695 116 22	83.4 13.9 2.6
LDLc (mg/dL)							0.893
Desirable (< 110) Borderline (110-129) Altered (≥ 130)	331 26 9	90.4 7.1 2.5	424 30 13	90.8 6.4 2.8	755 56 22	90.6 6.7 2.6
HDLc (mg/dL)							0.297
Desirable (> 45) Borderline (40-45) Altered (< 40)	216 73 79	58.7 19.8 21.5	259 114 95	55.3 24.4 20.3	475 187 174	56.8 22.4 20.8
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
0-9 years							0.767
Desirable (< 75) Borderline (75-99) Altered (≥ 100)	64 23 13	64.0 23.0 13.0	81 24 13	68.6 20.6 11.0	145 47 26	66.5 21.6 11.9
10-19 years							0.506
Desirable (< 90) Borderline (90-129) Altered (≥ 130)	215 40 13	80.2 14.9 4.9	277 61 12	79.1 17.4 3.4	492 101 25	79.6 16.3 4.0
Non-HDLc (mg/dL)							0.195
Desirable (< 120) Borderline (120-144) Altered (≥ 145)	294 56 15	80.5 15.3 4.1	399 55 14	85.3 11.8 3.0	693 111 29	83.2 13.3 3.5

Variables	Nutritional Status ¹
Variables	Underweight	Eutrophic	Overweight	Obesity	p-value
Total Cholesterol
Female Male	129.2 ± 24.7 134.0 ± 22.8	144.0 ± 28.1 141.5 ± 27.3	149.9 ± 28.8^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; 145.9 ± 29.8	151.5 ± 26.7^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; 151.2 ± 30.0^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; ^┼ ┼ p < 0.05 vs. eutrophy; ^╪ ╪ p < 0.05 vs. overweight.	0.027 0.032
LDLc
Female Male	62.4 ± 21.1 67.0 ± 18.6	77.1 ± 24.3 76.4 ± 23.6	86.2 ± 24.1^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; ^┼ ┼ p < 0.05 vs. eutrophy; 81.4 ± 25.7	88.0 ± 24.6^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; 88.6 ± 28.2^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; ^┼ ┼ p < 0.05 vs. eutrophy;	0.000 0.001
Non-HDLc
Female Male	78.8 ± 20.7 83.3 ± 21.0	95.38 ± 26.0 93.48 ± 24.3	104.1 ± 25.8^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; 100.7 ± 27.1^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight;	108.1 ± 26.0^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; ^┼ ┼ p < 0.05 vs. eutrophy; 108.4 ± 27.6^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; ^┼ ┼ p < 0.05 vs. eutrophy;	0.000 0.000
HDLc
Female Male	50.3 ± 7.9 50.7 ± 9.3	48.7 ± 9.7 48.1 ± 9.1	45.8 ± 9.4 45.3 ± 9.9	43.4 ± 9.8^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; ^┼ ┼ p < 0.05 vs. eutrophy; 42.8 ± 9.4^* * p <0.05 vs. underweight; ^┼ ┼ p < 0.05 vs. eutrophy;	0.000 0.000

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[1] Collaborations

Contribution by each author: PR Oliosa participated in the data collection, analysis, interpretation, and writing of the work; DA Zaniqueli participated in the data collection, interpretation, and writing of the work; MCR Barbosa participated in the critical analysis of the data and the final revision of the manuscript; JG Mill participated in the conceptualization, planning, interpretation, and revision of the manuscript.