Description of suicide ideation among older adults and a psychological profile: a cross-sectional study in Turkey

Aslan, Murat; Hocaoglu, Cicek; Bahceci, Bulent

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018245.14232017

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde colet. 24 (5) • May 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018245.14232017 copy

Description of suicide ideation among older adults and a psychological profile: a cross-sectional study in Turkey

Descrição da ideação suicida em idosos e perfil psicológico:um estudo transversal na Turquia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study investigates the suicidal ideation and the possible causes for suicidal behaviour in the elderly. Subjects were 150 patients aged 65 and older who were evaluated using the sociodemographic data collection forms, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS), Reasons for Living Inventory (RLI), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Of 150 patients, 72.7% were women and 27.3% were men, ages ranged from 65 to 88 years. Suicidal ideation was noted in 30.7% of patients. When the mean of BHS total score between patients with and without suicidal ideation and the mean of BHS subscale’s feelings and expectations regarding the future and loss of motivation and hope in terms of subscales were evaluated between the groups with and without suicidal ideation, the scores had a significant difference. When RLI was evaluated in terms of total scores, the suicidal ideation mean score was 243.74 ± 32.28, while the non-suicidal ideation mean score was 267.27 ± 24.36. There was a significant relationship between the two groups. We found low level of education, low level of reasons for living and higher psychiatric morbidity (generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid depressive disorder) in with suicidal ideation in the elderly.

Elderly; Hopelessness; Suicidal ideation; Reasons for living

			With Suicidal Ideation	Without Suicidal Ideation	P
Gender	Female	Count	37	72	0.156
		Row N %	33.9%	66.1%
		Column N %	80.4%	69.2%
	Male	Count	9	32
		Row N %	22.0%	78.0%
		Column N %	19.6%	30.8%
Age Range	65-74	Count	34	77	0.316
		Row N %	30.6%	69.4%
		Column N %	73.9%	74.0%
	75-84	Count	9	25
		Row N %	26.5%	73.5%
		Column N %	19.6%	24.0%
	85 and over	Count	3	2
		Row N %	60.0%	40.0%
		Column N %	6.5%	1.9%
Educational Status	Illiterate	Count	28	28	<0.001
		Row N %	50.0%	50.0%
		Column N %	60.9%	26.9%
	Literate	Count	11	28
		Row N %	28.2%	71.8%
		Column N %	23.9%	26.9%
	Primary school	Count	6	38
		Row N %	13.6%	86.4%
		Column N %	13.0%	36.5%
	Middle school	Count	1	10
		Row N %	9.1%	90.9%
		Column N %	2.2%	9.6%
Marital Status	Married	Count	25	61	0.623
		Row N %	29.1%	70.9%
		Column N %	54.3%	58.7%
	Widowed	Count	21	43
		Row N %	32.8%	67.2%
		Column N %	45.7%	41.3%
Occupation	Housewife	Count	37	69	0.217
		Row N %	34.9%	65.1%
		Column N %	80.4%	66.3%
	Retired	Count	8	31
		Row N %	20.5%	79.5%
		Column N %	17.4%	29.8%
	Artisan	Count	1	4
		Row N %	20.0%	80.0%
		Column N %	2.2%	3.8%
Place of residence	Province	Count	9	36	0.169
		Row N %	20.0%	80.0%
		Column N %	19.6%	34.6%
	County	Count	17	29
		Row N %	37.0%	63.0%
		Column N %	37.0%	27.9%
	Village	Count	20	39
		Row N %	33.9%	66.1%
		Column N %	43.5%	37.5%
Income (TL)	0-599 TL	Count	13	15	0.128
		Row N %	46.4%	53.6%
		Column N %	28.3%	14.4%
	600-1499 TL	Count	25	65
		Row N %	27.8%	72.2%
		Column N %	54.3%	62.5%
	1500 and over TL	Count	8	24
		Row N %	25.0%	75.0%
		Column N %	17.4%	23.1%
Experienced by Family members	Wife	Count	20	32	0.107
		Row N %	38.5%	61.5%
		Column N %	43.5%	30.8%
	Single child	Count	7	8
		Row N %	46.7%	53.3%
		Column N %	15.2%	7.7%
	Others	Count	15	45
		Row N %	25.0%	75.0%
		Column N %	32.6%	43.3%
	Alone	Count	4	19
		Row N %	17.4%	82.6%
		Column N %	8.7%	18.3%
History of Chronic illness	Absent	Count	8	8	0.216
		Row N %	50.0%	50.0%
		Column N %	17.4%	7.7%
	Diabetes mellitus	Count	1	10
		Row N %	9.1%	90.9%
		Column N %	2.2%	9.6%
	Cardiovascular	Count	24	51
		Row N %	32.0%	68.0%
		Column N %	52.2%	49.0%
	Respiratory	Count	2	4
		Row N %	33.3%	66.7%
		Column N %	4.3%	3.8%
	Diabetes melitüs+ Cardiovasküler	Count	9	16
		Row N %	36.0%	64.0%
		Column N %	19.6%	15.4%
	Cancer	Count	1	7
		Row N %	12.5%	87.5%
		Column N %	2.2%	6.7%
	Musculoskeletal	Count	1	2
		Row N %	33.3%	66.7%
		Column N %	2.2%	1.9%
	Others	Count	0	6
		Row N %	.0%	100.0%
		Column N %	.0%	5.8%
History of psychiatric illness	Available	Count	19	31	0.168
		Row N %	38.0%	62.0%
		Column N %	41.3%	29.8%
	Absent	Count	27	73
		Row N %	27.0%	73.0%
		Column N %	58.7%	70.2%
Family history of psychiatric illness	Available	Count	9	31	0.191
		Row N %	22.5%	77.5%
		Column N %	19.6%	29.8%
	Absent	Count	37	73
		Row N %	33.6%	66.4%
		Column N %	80.4%	70.2%
Suicide Attempt	Available	Count	7	2	0.002
		Row N %	77.8%	22.2%
		Column N %	15.2%	1.9%
	Absent	Count	39	102
		Row N %	27.7%	72.3%
		Column N %	84.8%	98.1%
Completed suicide in the family	Available	Count	5	4	0.095
		Row N %	55.6%	44.4%
		Column N %	10.9%	3.8%
	Absent	Count	41	100
		Row N %	29.1%	70.9%
		Column N %	89.1%	96.2%

	With Suicidal Ideation (n %)		Without Suicidal Ideation(n %)

	n	%	n	%	p-value
Depressive disorder	11	23.9	23	22.9	0.808
Generalized anxiety disorder	2	4.3	14	13.5	0.095
Normal psychiatric examination	0	0.0	6	5.8	0.096
Dysthymia	1	2.2	9	8.7	0.130
Dysthymia+Anxiety disorder	5	10.9	10	9.6	0.813
Generalized anxiety disorder+Depressive disorder	24	52.2	35	33.7	0.032
Somatization disorder	3	6.5	3	2.9	0.295
Primary insomnia	3	6.5	4	3.8	0.474

	With Suicidal Ideation	Without Suicidal Ideation

	Mean (sd)	Mean(sd)	p value
GDS	18.9(3.8)	14.6(4.8)	0.0001
Total BHS	12.2(4.6)	8.6(5.6)	0.0002
Feelings and expectations for the future	3.3(1.6)	1.9(1.8)	0.0001
Loss of motivation	4.4(1.8)	3.36 (2.1)	0.004
Hope	4.4(1.8)	3.28 (2.2)	0.002
Total RLI	243.7(32.2)	267.2(24.3)	0.0001
General optimism	94.0(17.7)	111.3(15.6)	0.0001
Moral and religious obstacles	43.5(4.8)	43.3(5.1)	0.77
Responsibility and love for the family and friends	48.9(6.2)	51.2(4.4)	0.01
Fear of suicide and its negative consequences	34.0(5.3)	36,8(6.1)	0.008
Devotion to nature and life	14.9(2.8)	15.8(2.6)	0.06
Fear of death	8.6 (2.7)	10.1(3.4)	0.01

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[1] Collaborations

All the authors contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. The article was designed by M Aslan, C Hocaoglu and B Bahceci. The analysis and interpretation of the data was done by M Aslan and C Hocaoglu. The review and approval of the final version was made by C Hocaoglu.