Body image of healthy adolescent women and its association with physical activity: a systematic review

Rica, Roberta Luksevicius; Bocalini, Danilo Sales; Miranda, Maria Luiza de Jesus; Valenti, Vitor Engrácia; Gama, Eliane Florêncio

doi:10.1590/1413-812320182311.24312016

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REVISÃO • Ciênc. saúde colet. 23 (11) • Nov 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182311.24312016 copy

Body image of healthy adolescent women and its association with physical activity: a systematic review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the related scientific production on body image in healthy female adolescents and its association with physical activity. A systematic review of national and international journals was conducted using the major electronic databases. The following inclusion criteria selection were used: sample of female adolescents, with different results; papers in English, Spanish and Portuguese; papers published from 2005 to 2015. Eighteen studies were included and carefully analyzed. The most published paper concentrations were found in Europe (61.2 %). Several studies (95%) used questionnaires as a research instrument to assess physical activity and 55% studies used scales to analyze the body image. No increase was found in the production of literature involving body image study and physical active behavior in healthy female adolescents. In conclusion, the main findings of this review relate to the lack of parameters for the measurement of physical activity and body image analysis. Thus, although it is a current thematic area in the literature, it is possible to consider that the diversity of methodological design between studies makes it difficult to compare the data, making it imperative to standardize instruments and definitions.

Physical activity; Body image; Adolescents

Descritores
	Adolescente + IC	Adolescente, IC + AF	2005 - 2015	Leitura dos títulos e abstract	Após retirada das duplicadas e aplicação dos critérios
Pub Med	7341	569	375	15	5
Med Line	6039	279	214	46	4
Science Direct	40053	18813	8409	169	5
Sport Discus	347	88	81	24	4
Scielo	11	1	0	0	0
Total	53791	19750	9079	254	18

Autor	Periódico	Fator de impacto	Tipo de estudo	Amostra feminina	Idade	Faixa etária	Instrumento de Análise da AF	Instrumento de análise de IC
Slater e Tiggemann, 2011³3. Slater A, Tiggemann M. Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. J Adolescence 2011; 34(3):455-463. (Australia)	J Adolescence (Inglaterra)	1,957	Não relatado pelo autor	332	14,47 ± 0,62	12 a 16 anos	Questionário próprio	Body Shame Scale, uma subscala do Objectified Body Consciousness Scale
Abbot e Barber, 2011¹²12. Abbott BD, Barber BL. Differences in functional and aesthetic body image between sedentary girls and girls involved in sports and physical activity: Does sport type make a difference? Psychol Sport Exerc 2011; 12(3):333-342. (Australia)	Psychol Sport Exerc (Dinamarca)	1,900	Transversal	1002	14,6 ± 1,08	12 a 16 anos	Questionário próprio	Embodied Image Scale
Altintas et al., 2014¹³13. Altintaş A, Aşçı FH, Kin-İşler A, Güven-Karahan B, Kelecek S, Özkan A, Yılmaz A, Kara FM. The role of physical activity, body mass index and maturity status in body-related perceptions and self-esteem of adolescents. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 41(5):395-402. (Turquia)	Ann Hum Biol (Inglaterra)	1,273	Transversal	1012	15,01 ± 1,88	11 a 18 anos	Weekly ActivityChecklist	Body Image Satisfaction Scale (BIS)
Burgess et al., 2006¹⁴14. Burgess G, Grogan S, Burwitz L. Effects of a 6-week aerobic dance intervention on body image and physical self-perceptions in adolescent girls. Body Image 2006; 3(1):57-66. (Inglaterra)	Body Image (Holanda)	2,042	Não relatado pelo autor (intervenção de 6 semanas de aeróbica)	50	13,5 ± 0,3	13 a 14 anos	Intervenção de 6 semanas de aeróbica e aplicação de CY-PSPP (antes, durante e depois)	The Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ)
Dyremyhr et al., 2014¹⁵15. Dyremyhr ÅE, Diaz E, Meland E. How adolescent subjective health and satisfaction with weight and body shape are related to participation in sports. J Environ Public Health 2014; 2014. (Noruega)	J Environ Public Health (Suiça)	2,063	Transversal	1291	NM	NM	Questionário próprio (baseado na Organização Mundial da Saúde)	Questionário próprio (baseado na Organização Mundial da Saúde)
Finne et al., 2011¹⁶16. Finne E, Bucksch J, Lampert T, Kolip P. Age, puberty, body dissatisfaction, and physical activity decline in adolescents. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8:119. (Alemanha)	IJBNPA (Alemanha)	4,110	Não relatado pelo autor	3238	NM	11 a 17 anos	Questionário próprio	Body dissatisfaction (BDS), perguntaram se eles se acham: “magra demais”, “um pouco magra demais”, “exatamente o peso certo”, “um pouco gorda demais”, ou “muito gorda demais”
Haugen et al., 2013¹⁷17. Haugen T, Ommundsen Y, Seiler S. The relationship between physical activity and physical self-esteem in adolescents: The role of physical fitness indices. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2013; 25(1):138-153. (Noruega)	Pediatr Exerc Sci (EUA)	1,452	Transversal	889	NM	15 anos	Questionário próprio	Physical Appearance (APP)
Jankauskiené e Kardelis, 2004¹⁸18. Jankauskiene R, Kardelis K. Body image and weight reduction attempts among adolescent girls involved in physical activity. Medicina (Kaunas) 2004; 41(9):796-801. (Lituania)	Medicina (Kaunas) (Lituania)	0,494	Não relatado pelo autor	405	16,9 ± 0,4	NM	Questionário próprio	Questionário próprio
Kantanista et al., 2015¹⁹19. Kantanista A, Osiński W, Borowiec J, Tomczak M, Król-Zielińska M. Body image, BMI, and physical activity in girls and boys aged 14–16 years. Body Image 2015; 15:40-43. (Polonia)	Body Image (Holanda)	2,042	Não relatado pelo autor	1702	15,05 ± 0,82	14 a 16 anos	Physical Activity Screening Measure	Feelings and Attitudes Towards the Body Scale
Kirchengast e Marosi, 2008²⁰20. Kirchengast S, Marosi A. Gender differences in body composition, physical activity, eating behavior and body image among normal weight adolescents–an evolutionary approach. Coll Antropol 2008; 32(4):1079-1086. (Austria)	Coll Antropol (Croacia)	0,610	Transversal	354	14,6 ± 2,3	11 a 18 anos	Entrevista própria	Entrevista baseada no questionário de Buddeberg-Fischer (2000)
Kololo et al., 2012²¹21. Kołoło H, Guszkowska M, Mazur J, Dzielska A. Self-efficacy, self-esteem and body image as psychological determinants of 15-year-old adolescents’ physical activity levels. Hum Movement Sci 2012; 13(3):264-270. (Polonia)	Hum Movement Sci (Holanda)	1,598	Não relatado pelo autor	1191	NM	15 anos	MVPA indicator	Body Image Subscale –sub escalas que compõem o Body Investment Scale.
Markland, Ingledew, 2007²²22. Markland D, Ingledew DK. The relationships between body mass and body image and relative autonomy for exercise among adolescent males and females. Psychol Sport Exerc 2007; 8(5):836-853. (Inglaterra)	Psychol Sport Exerc (Dinamarca)	1,900	Transversal	48	16,88 ± 0,79	NM	Behavioral Regulation in Exercise e Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2)	Figure Rating Scale
Niven et al., 2007²³23. Niven A, Fawkner S, Knowles AM, Stephenson C. Maturational differences in physical self-perceptions and the relationship with physical activity in early adolescent girls. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2007; 19(4):472-480. (Escocia)	Pediatr Exerc Sci (EUA)	1,452	Transversal	208	11,83 ± 0,39	NM	Physical Activity Questionnaire for children (PAQ-C)	Children and Youth’s Physical Self-Perception Profile (CY-PSPP)
Ryan et al., 2009²⁴24. Ryan S, Todorovich JR, Bridges FS, Mokgwathiand MM. Body shape perceptions, attitudes toward physical education, and physical activity levels of middle school students. International Journal of Fitness 2009; 5(2):21-30. (EUA)	I J Fitness (India)	x	Não relatado pelo autor	485	NM	11 a 16 anos	Questionário modificado por Hallinanand Schüler (1993)	Escala de Silhueta já utilizada em dois artigos anteriores, porém não especificam os autores
Savage et al., 2009²⁵25. Savage JS, Dinallo JM, Downs DS. Adolescent body satisfaction: the role of perceived parental encouragement for physical activity. IJBNPA 2009; 6:1. (EUA)	IJBNPA (Alemanha)	4,110	Longitudinal	166	15 ± 0,8	15 a 16 anos	The Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ)	The Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS)
Wahida et al., 2011²⁶26. Wahida Z, Mohd Nasir MT, Hazizi AS. Physical activity, eating behavior and body image perception among young adolescents in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Mal J Nutr 2011; 17(3):325-336. (Malasia)	Mal J Nutr (Malásia)	0,068	Transversal	197	NM	13 a 14 anos	The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C)	Contour Drawing Rating Scale Knowledge Inventory (WMKI)
Wang et al., 2009²⁷27. Wang Y, Liang H, Chen X. Measured body mass index, body weight perception, dissatisfaction and control practices in urban, low-income African American adolescents. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:1. (EUA)	BMC Public Health (Inglaterra)	2,26	Transversal	252	11,9 ± 1,0	NM	Questionário adaptado de Girls Health Enrichment Multi-Site Studies (GEMS)	Avaliada através de dois perguntas: a) “Como você descreveria seu peso” (baixo peso, peso normal, um pouco acima do peso, muito acima do peso) e b) “Eu me sinto mal sobre mim por causa do meu peso?” (muito verdade, um pouco de verdade, não é verdade, não posso dizer)
Zach et al., 2013²⁸28. Zach S, Zeev A, Dunsky A, Goldbourt U, Shimony T, Goldsmith R, Netz Y. Perceived body size versus healthy body size and physical activity among adolescents–Results of a national survey. Eur J Sport Sci 2013; 13(6):723-731. (Israel)	Eur J Sport Sci (inglaterra)	1,550	Transversal	3457	15,20 ± 1,60	NM	National Health and Nutrition Survey	Uma foto com cinco silhuetas diferentes.

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[1] Colaboradores

RL Rica: concepção e desenho da pesquisa, obtenção de dados, análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito. DS Bocalini: obtenção de dados e análise e interpretação dos dados. MLJ Miranda: concepção e desenho da pesquisa e análise e interpretação dos dados. VE Valenti: revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante. EF Gama: concepção e desenho da pesquisa e revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante.