| Arkther T, Nur T, 20222020 Akther T, Nur T. A model of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: a synthesis of the theory of reasoned action, conspiracy theory belief, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. PLoS One 2022; 17(1):e0261869. |
Bangladesh |
Disinformation and belief in conspiracy theories hamper COVID-19 vaccination programs. Awareness, perceived usefulness, and ease of use of vaccines have a positive impact on individual attitudes toward vaccination and acceptance of immunization. Authorities should focus on campaigns that could reduce misinformation surrounding COVID-19 vaccination. |
| Baccolini V et al., 20211616 Baccolini V, Renzi E, Isonne C, Migliara G, Massimi A, De Vito C, Marzuillo C, Villari P. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Italian university students: a cross-sectional survey during the first months of the vaccination campaign. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9(11):1292. |
Italy |
Vaccine hesitancy changed throughout the pandemic in relation to confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness, perceived risk of COVID-19, and education level. University students are a good target for intervention campaigns as they may be open to a change in behavior and additional efforts to increase their awareness and engagement, restore confidence in health authorities, and limit disinformation regarding the vaccines should be made. |
| Vries E et al., 20221919 Vries H, Verputten W, Preissner C, Kok G. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: the role of information sources and beliefs in Dutch adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(6):3205. |
Holland |
Vaccine hesitant respondents used messaging services like WhatsApp more frequently than non-hesitant respondents. Higher education level was associated with lower vaccine hesitancy. Hesitant respondents had less knowledge about vaccines and lower perception of the risks of COVID-19. Tailored communication strategies may be needed reach hesitant groups. |
| Ahorsu DK et al., 20222222 Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Alimoradi Z, Griffiths MD, Chen HP, Broström A, Timpka T, Pakpour AH. Cyberchondria, fear of COVID-19, and risk perception mediate the association between problematic social media use and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10(1):122. |
Iran |
There was no direct association between problematic social media use and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. However, there were several indirect associations with cyberchondria, where fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 risk perception were mediators. The term ‘cyberchondria’ should be approached with caution and viewed as a preliminary diagnostic proposal needing further empirical exploration. |
| Eze UA et al., 20211414 Eze UA, Ndoh KI, Ibisola BA, Onwuliri CD, Osiyemi A, Ude N, Chime AA, Ogbor EO, Alao AO, Abdullahi A. Determinants for acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria. Cureus 2021; 13(11):e19801. |
Nigeria |
Greater vaccine uptake was related to recommendations from health professionals. There was a positive association between being male, Muslim, from the Hausa tribe, and living in the north of Nigeria and vaccine acceptance. Awareness raising needs to target women and religious leaders should be involved in this process. Vaccine shortages and vaccine hesitancy are major limiting factors hampering the attainment of optimal vaccination coverage. |
| Aida El Far Cardo et al., 20211313 Aida El-Far Cardo A, Kraus T, Kaifie A. Factors that shape people's attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany - the influence of media, politics and personal characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(15):7772. |
Germany |
High risk perceptions and vaccination intention were associated with left-wing voting. Trust in health authorities, seeking information about the virus from public media or websites of health authorities, and hesitation were associated with being female. |
| Neely S et al., 20211818 Neely S, Eldredge C, Sanders R. Health information seeking behaviors on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic among American social networking site users: survey study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23(6):e29802. |
United States |
The findings suggest that health professionals will need to be both strategic and proactive when engaging with health consumers on social media if they hope to counteract the deleterious effects of misinformation and disinformation. Effective training, institutional support, and proactive collaboration can help health professionals adapt to the evolving patterns of health information seeking. |
| Chadwick A et al., 20212323 Chadwick A, Kaiser J, Vaccari C, Freeman D, Lambe S, Loe BS, Vanderslott S, Lewandowsky S, Conroy M, Ross ARN, Innocenti S, Pollard AJ, Waite F, Larkin M, Rosebrock L, Jenner L, McShane H, Giubilini A, Petit A, Yu L-M. Online social endorsement and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United Kingdom. Soc Media Soc 2021; 7(2): 20563051211008817. |
United Kingdom |
The findings show conspiracy mentality and use of social media and personal messaging apps to discourage vaccination. This suggests that an affinity between conspiracy mentality, social media use, and negative online social endorsement will undermine the vaccination program, to some extent. The public health implications of this finding are not straightforward. Social media companies are becoming more assertive in their removal of vaccine disinformation and anti-vax accounts, which increases vaccine acceptance|. |
| Marcau FC et al., 20222121 Mărcău Flavius C, Purec Sorin, Niculescu George. Study on the refusal of vaccination against COVID-19 in Romenia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022;10(2):261. |
Romania |
The study highlights that the level of confidence in fake news is a matter of serious concern when it comes to vaccination against COVID-19. Respondents showed a high degree of susceptibility to conspiracy theories and lack of trust in doctors led to the decision not to accept COVID-19 vaccines. |
| Tolia V et al., 20221717 Tolia V, Singh RR, Deshpande S, Dave A, Rathod RM. Understanding factors to COVID-19 vaccine adoption in Gujarat, India. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(5):2707. |
India |
The study sheds light on factors that influence vaccine adoption, especially issues relating to lower uptake of vaccines, one of the long-standing problems in the vaccination process. Furthermore, emerging themes can help develop strategies for social marketers, researchers, and policymakers to promote vaccine acceptance. |
| Rodriguez B et al., 20211515 Rodriguez-Blanco N, Montero-Navarro S, Botella-Rico JM, Felipe-Gomez AJ, Sanches-Más J, Tuells J. Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Spain before the start of vaccination: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(10):5272. |
Spain |
Disinformation and the lack of political consensus are the main doubts of the Spanish population associated with the new vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in an extraordinary scientific-health context. Trust in institutions is fundamental to guarantee levels of vaccination that lead to herd immunity. |
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Source: Authors.
Source: Authors.