Lifestyle and risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among healthcare undergraduates in Midwest, Brazil

Monteiro, Luciana Zaranza; Varela, Andrea Ramirez; Lira, Bruno Alves de; Rauber, Suliane Beatriz; Toledo, Juliana Oliveira de; Spinola, Milenne da Silva; Carneiro, Maria de Lourdes Alves; Braga Junior, Francelino

doi:10.1590/1413-81232021267.20222019

Luciana Zaranza Monteiro

Departamento de Educação Física, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal. Sgas 903 s/n LT52, Edhob. 70390-045 Brasília DF Brasil. lucianazaranza@hotmail.com

Centro de Pesquisa em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas RS Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-1185

Andrea Ramirez Varela

Centro de Pesquisa em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas RS Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-9617

Bruno Alves de Lira

Departamento de Educação Física, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal. Sgas 903 s/n LT52, Edhob. 70390-045 Brasília DF Brasil. lucianazaranza@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-8438

Suliane Beatriz Rauber

Departamento de Educação Física, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal. Sgas 903 s/n LT52, Edhob. 70390-045 Brasília DF Brasil. lucianazaranza@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-8464

Juliana Oliveira de Toledo

Departamento de Farmácia, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal. Brasília DF Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-2870

Milenne da Silva Spinola

Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal. Brasília DF Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4325

Maria de Lourdes Alves Carneiro

Departamento de Farmácia, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal. Brasília DF Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9393-2832

Francelino Braga Junior

Departamento de Educação Física, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal. Sgas 903 s/n LT52, Edhob. 70390-045 Brasília DF Brasil. lucianazaranza@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-1974

Collaborations

LZ Monteiro collaborated in the conception and design, data interpretation, article writing, and final approval. AR Varela collaborated in data analysis and interpretation, article writing, and final approval. BA Lira, SB Rauber, and JOT Nóbrega collaborated on article writing and final review. MS Spinola and MLA Carneiro collaborated in data collection and article writing. FB Junior collaborated in data interpretation, article writing, and final approval.

Chief editors:

Romeu Gomes, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva

Variable	n	%
Sex
Female	1.500	69.3
Male	663	30.7
Age (years)
≤ 19	334	15.4
20-29	1.415	65.4
≥ 30	414	19.2
Socioeconomic level
A	87	4.0
B	607	28.1
C	1.191	55.1
D	278	12.8
Undergraduate course
Nursing	974	45.1
Physical Education	903	41.7
Pharmacy	286	13.2
Semester of course
1st to 4th	1.826	84.4
5th to 8th	337	15.6
Self-perception of health
Excellent	296	13.6
Very good	583	26.9
Good	898	41.5
Fair	338	15.6
Poor	48	2.2
Smoking
Yes	555	25.6
No	1.608	74.4
Use of alcohol
Yes	1.445	66.8
No	718	33.2
Nutritional status
Underweight	100	4.6
Normal weight	1.227	56.7
Overweight	735	33.9
Obese	101	4.8
PA >150 min/week
Yes	1.207	55.8
No	956	44.2
Total	2.163	100

Variables	Total			Female		Male				p-value
Variables	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI
Protective factors
Consumption on five or more days per week (≥ 5 times/week)
Fruit consumption	1.125	52.1	49.9-54.1	787	52.4	49.9-55.0	338	50.9	47.1-54.7	0.52
Raw salad consumption	916	42.3	40.2-44.4	626	41.7	39.2-44.2	290	43.7	39.9-47.5	0.38
Greens or vegetables consumption	1.133	52.3	50.2-54.4	779	51.9	49.4-54.4	354	53.3	49.5-57.1	0.53
Beans consumption	1.565	72.3	70.4-74.2	1.066	71.1	68.7-73.3	499	75.3	71.9-78.5	0.04*
Risk behaviors (≥ 5 times/week)
Soft drinks consumption	630	29.1	27.2-31.0	421	28.1	25.8-30.3	209	31.5	27.9-35.0	0.10
Habitual intake of full-fat milk	853	39.4	37.3-41.5	622	41.4	38.9-43.9	231	34.8	31.2-38.4	< 0.01*
Habitual intake of meat with visible fat	696	32.1	30.2-34.1	483	32.2	29.8-34.5	213	32.1	28.5-35.6	0.97
Physically inactive	956	44.2	42.1-46.2	727	48.4	45.9-51.0	229	34.5	30.9-38.1	< 0.01*
Smoking	555	25.6	23.8-27.5	348	23.2	21.0-25.3	207	31.2	27.6-34.7	< 0.01*
Use of alcohol	1.445	66.8	64.8-68.7	986	65.7	63.3-68.1	459	69.2	65.7-72.7	0.11
Overweight (BMI ≥25 and < 30 kg/m²)	735	33.9	31.9-35.9	508	33.8	31.4-36.2	227	34.2	30.6-37.8	0.10
Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²)	101	4.8	3.7-5.5	75	5.0	3.9-6.1	26	3.9	2.4-5.4	0.54
Self-reported diseases
Arterial hypertension	69	3.1	2.4-3.9	47	3.1	2.3-4.1	22	3.3	1.9-4.68	0.82
Diabetes mellitus	115	5.3	4.3-6.2	85	5.6	4.5-6.8	30	4.5	2.9-6.1	0.28
High cholesterol levels	318	14.7	13.2-16.1	225	15.0	13.16.8	93	14.0	11.3-16.6	0.56
Dyslipidemia	114	5.2	4.3-6.3	83	5.5	4.3-6.6	31	4.6	3.1-6.2	0.41
Health life score
Low	1.125	52.1	49.9-54.1	777	51.8	49.2 - 54.3	348	52.4	48.6 - 56.2	0.77
Moderate/High	1.066	49.2	45.8-50.1	723	48.2	45.6 - 50.7	315	47.5	43.7 - 51.3	0.82

Variable	PA >150 min/week						p-value
	No (n = 956)			Yes (n = 1207)
	n	%	95% CI	n	%	95% CI
Nutritional status							0.03*
Underweight	57	5.96	4.4 - 7.4	43	3.5	2.5 - 4.6
Normal weight	519	54.2	51.1 - 57.4	708	58.6	55.8 - 61.4
Overweight	334	34.9	31.9 - 37.9	401	33.2	30.5 - 35.8
Obese	46	4.8	3.4 - 6.1	55	4.5	3.3 - 5.7
Alcohol consumption
No	338	35.3	32.3 - 38.3	380	31.4	28.8 - 34.1
Yes	618	64.6	61.6 - 67.6	827	68.5	65.9 - 71.14	0.06
Smoking
No	708	74.0	71.2 - 76.8	900	74.5	72.1 - 77.0
Yes	248	25.9	23.1 - 28.7	307	25.4	22.9 - 27.8	0.79
Consumption of fruit (≥ 5 times/week)
No	541	56.5	53.4 - 59.7	497	41.1	38.4 - 43.9
Yes	415	43.4	40.2 - 46.5	710	58.8	56.0 - 61.6	<0.01*
Consumption of salad (≥ 5 times/week)
No	605	63.2	60.2 - 66.3	642	53.1	50.3 - 56.0
Yes	351	36.7	33.6 - 39.7	565	46.8	43.9 - 49.6	<0.01*
Consumption of greens (≥ 5 times/week)
No	523	54.7	51.5 - 57.8	507	42.0	39.2 - 44.7
Yes	433	45.2	42.1 - 48.4	700	58.0	55.2 - 60.7	<0.01*
Consumption of beans (≥ 5 times/week)
No	278	29.0	26.2 - 31.9	320	26.5	24.0 - 29.0
Yes	678	70.9	68.0 - 73.8	887	73.4	71.0 - 75.9	0.18
Consumption of soft drinks (≥ 5 times/week)
No	645	67.4	64.5 - 70.4	888	73.5	71.0 - 76.0
Yes	311	32.5	29.5 - 35.5	319	26.4	23.9 - 28.9	<0.01*
Consumption of full fat milk
No	566	59.2	56.0 - 62.3	744	61.6	58.9 - 64.3
Yes	390	40.7	37.6 - 43.9	463	38.3	35.6 - 41.1	0.25
Consumption of meat with visible fat
No	621	64.9	61.9 - 67.9	846	70.0	67.5 - 72.6
Yes	335	35.0	32.0 - 38.0	361	29.9	27.3 - 32.4	0.01*
Arterial hypertension
No	916	95.8	94.5 - 97.0	1178	97.6	96.7 - 98.4
Yes	40	4.1	2.9 - 5.4	29	2.4	1.5 - 3.2	0.02*
Diabetes mellitus
No	880	92.0	90.3 - 93.7	1168	96.7	95.7 - 97.7
Yes	76	7.9	6.2 - 9.6	39	3.2	2.2 - 4.2	< 0.01*
High cholesterol levels
No	771	80.6	78.1 - 83.1	1074	88.9	87.2 - 90.7
Yes	185	19.3	16.8 - 21.8	133	11.0	9.2 - 12.7	<0.01*
Dyslipidemia
No	894	93.5	91.9 - 95.0	1155	95.6	94.5 - 96.8
Yes	62	6.4	4.9 - 8.0	52	4.3	3.1 - 5.4	0.02*
*Chi-square test

Likelihood modeled in Score=’moderate/high
Effect	Crude odds ratio	95% CI		p-value	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI		p-value
Sex (male vs female)	0.97	0.81	1.17	0.77	0.98	0.82	1.18	0.84
Age (20-29 vs ≤ 19)	0.88	0.69	1.11	0.28	0.88	0.69	1.11	0.28
Age (>30 vs ≤ 19)	0.97	0.73	1.29	0.83	0.97	0.73	1.29	0.83
Socioeconomic level (A vs D)	1.00	0.61	1.61	0.98	0.98	0.60	1.59	0.93
Socioeconomic level (B vs D)	1.11	0.83	1.47	0.49	1.10	0.83	1.46	0.52
Socioeconomic level (C vs D)	1.186	0.912	1.541	0.20	1.178	0.906	1.532	0.22

[1] Collaborations

LZ Monteiro collaborated in the conception and design, data interpretation, article writing, and final approval. AR Varela collaborated in data analysis and interpretation, article writing, and final approval. BA Lira, SB Rauber, and JOT Nóbrega collaborated on article writing and final review. MS Spinola and MLA Carneiro collaborated in data collection and article writing. FB Junior collaborated in data interpretation, article writing, and final approval.

Brasil

Brasil

Lifestyle and risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among healthcare undergraduates in Midwest, Brazil

Estilo de vida e comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre universitários da saúde na região Centro-Oeste, Brasil

Abstract