Self-esteem and oral health behavior in adolescents

Pazos, Carolina Thaiza Costa; Austregésilo, Silvia Carréra; Goes, Paulo S. A. de

doi:10.1590/1413-812320182411.02492018

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 24 (11) • Nov 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182411.02492018 copy

Self-esteem and oral health behavior in adolescents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study investigated the mediation of self-esteem in adolescents’ oral health behaviors. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to assess self-esteem, whereas data from socio-demographic and behavior characteristics were analyzed by questions validated in previous surveys. The teenagers had good oral health behavior, except unhealthy diet. The number of adolescents with high self-esteem was a lot smaller than those with low self-esteem. The use of dental services, even when associated with high self-esteem, lost significance after being adjusted by sex, age and tooth brushing frequency. Nevertheless, multiple logistic regression analysis, using unadjusted estimates and adjusted with their respective Confidence Intervals of 95%, showed a relationship of self-esteem with age (p-value=0.001) and tooth brushing frequency (p-value=0.019). Regardless of the sex, students over 16 years old with high self-esteem brush their teeth more often, having probably better oral health. These results confirm the modulation of self-esteem in oral health, and then it is necessary the analysis and the use of these psychosocial factors in the young oral health care.

Keywords
Self-esteem; Health behavior; Oral health; Adolescent

Factor assessed	Level of self-esteem		P-value^a a P-value of the Chi-square test for independence.
Factor assessed	Low	High
Gender
Male	408(77,7%)	117(22,3%)	χ² = 1,794 p = 0,180
Female	454(74,3%)	157(25,7%)	χ² = 1,794 p = 0,180
Age
< 16 years	472(80,3%)	116(19,7%)	χ² = 13,404 p<0,001^b b If p-value <0.05, the factor evaluated influences the level of self-esteem.
≥16 years	383(70,9%)	157(29,1%)
Failure history
Yes	338(73,5%)	122(26,5%)	χ² = 2,711 p = 0,258
No	492(77,6%)	142(22,4%)
Sometimes	27(79,4%)	7(20,6%)
Family structure
Nuclear family	476(76,3%)	148(23,7%)	χ² = 0,122 p = 0,727
Non-nuclear family	386(75,4%)	126(24,6%)	χ² = 0,122 p = 0,727
Birth order
First	383(75,1%)	127(24,9%)	χ² =1,351 p = 0,853
Second	258(76,8%)	78(23,2%)
Third	119(77,3%)	35(22,7%)
Fourth	78(76,5%)	24(23,5%)
Dont know	17(68,0%)	8(32,0%)

Health Behaviors
Use of dental service	Regular	Access to the dentist-yes
	Regular	Time of visit to the dentist-less than one year
	Irregular	Access to the dentist-no
	Irregular	Time of visit to the dentist-more than one year
Tooth brushing frequency	Regular	Brushes teeth- yes, every day
Tooth brushing frequency	Irregular	Brushes teeth- yes, but not every day; Brushes teeth- no
Oral hygiene habits	Regular	Brushes teethevery day
	Regular	Uses a toothbrush, toothpaste and dental floss for teeth hygiene
	Irregular	Does not brush teethevery day
	Irregular	Use toothpick or something for teeth hygiene
Dietary habits	Favorable to oral health	Consumes refined carbohydrate-rich foods less than three days a week
		Consumes sugary foodless than three days a week
		Consumes industrialized beveragesless than three days a week
		Consumes coffee, natural juice, milk and teaat least once a day
		Consumes fruits, vegetables, and cerealsat least once a day
	Notfavorable to oral health	Consumes refined carbohydrate-rich foods at least once a day
		Consumes sugary foodat least once a day
		Consumes industrialized beveragesat least once a day
		Consumes coffee, natural juice, milk, and tealess than three days a week
		Consumes fruits, vegetables, and cerealsless than three days a week
Tobacco use	Lower risk	Not smoking
Tobacco use	Higher risk	Smoking
Alcohol use	Lower risk	Not drinking alcoholic beverages
Alcohol use	Higher risk	Drinking alcoholic beverages

Factor assessed	Level of self-esteem		P-value
Factor assessed	Low	High	P-value
Brushes teeth	814(75,1%)	270(24,1%)	p = 0,004^c c P-value Fisher's Exact test.
Yes, every day	36(94,7%)	2(5,3%)
Yes, but not every day	1(100,0%)	0(0,0%)
No
Oral hygiene habits
Regular	368(73,6%)	132(26,4%)	χ² = 2,537 p = 0,111^a a P-value of the Chi-square test for independence.
Irregular	494(77,7%)	142(33,3%)
Use of dental services
Regular	408(73,1%)	150(26,9%)	χ² = 4,571 p = 0,033^a a P-value of the Chi-square test for independence. , ^b b If p-value <0.05, the factor evaluated influences the level of self-esteem.
Irregular	454(78,5%)	124(21,5%)
Diet
Favorable to oral health	34(75,6%)	11(24,4%)	χ² = 0,003 p = 0,959^a a P-value of the Chi-square test for independence.
Not favorable to oral health	828(75,9%)	263(24,1%)
Tobacco use
Lower risk	847(75,8%)	271(24,2%)	p = 1,000^c c P-value Fisher's Exact test.
Higher risk	12(80,0%)	3(20,0%)	p = 1,000^c c P-value Fisher's Exact test.
Alcohol use
Lower risk	807(76,1%) 53(72,6%)	254(23,9%)	χ² = 0,446 p = 0,504^a a P-value of the Chi-square test for independence.
Higher risk	807(76,1%) 53(72,6%)	20(27,4%)

Factor assessed	Unadjusted Odds (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted Odds (95% CI)	p-value
Gender
Female	1,21(0,92-1,59)	0,181	1,14(0,86-1,50)	0,374
Male	1		1
Age
≥ 16 year	1,67(1,27-2,20)	0,000^a a If p-value < 0,05, the factor evaluated influences the level of self-esteem.	1,64(1,24-2,16)	0,001^a a If p-value < 0,05, the factor evaluated influences the level of self-esteem.
< 16 year	1		1
Use of dental services
Regular	1,35(1,02-1,77)	0,033^a a If p-value < 0,05, the factor evaluated influences the level of self-esteem.	1,26(0,95-1,66)	0,110
Irregular	1		1
Tooth brushing frequency
Regular	6,14(1,47-25,62)	0,013^a a If p-value < 0,05, the factor evaluated influences the level of self-esteem.	5,56(1,33-23,36)	0,019^a a If p-value < 0,05, the factor evaluated influences the level of self-esteem.
Irregular	1		1

ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Brasil, 4036 - sala 700 Manguinhos, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil, Tel.: +55 21 3882-9153 / 3882-9151 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Colaborations

CTC Pazos and PSA Goes worked on the conception and desing of the research, project construction, statistical analisys of the data and interpretation of results, writing and review of the manuscript. SC Austregésilo worked on the statistical analisys of the data and interpretation of results, writing and review of the manuscript.