Patterns of energy balance-related behaviors and food insecurity in pregnant women

Fernandes, Renata Cordeiro; Höfelmann, Doroteia Aparecida

doi:10.1590/1413-81232023283.13342022

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 28 (03) • Mar 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023283.13342022 copy

Patterns of energy balance-related behaviors and food insecurity in pregnant women

Padrões de comportamentos relacionados ao balanço de energia corporal e insegurança alimentar em gestantes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The behaviors related to caloric balance during pregnancy can lead to short- and long-term repercussion over the life course. This study aimed to identify patterns of energy balance-related behavior (EBRB) and its association with food insecurity (FI) in pregnant women. Cross-sectional, with pregnant women undergoing prenatal care in public health units in Colombo, Brazil, in 2018/2019. EBRB patterns were identified by factor analysis, and the scores were compared according to FI levels (mild and moderate/severe (M/S) through quantile regression. Four EBRB patterns were identified among 535 pregnant women: Factor 1- household/caregiving activities, exercise/sport, and physical inactivity; Factor 2 - fruits and vegetables; Factor 3 - paid work and commuting; Factor 4 - soda and sweetened beverage, sweets, and goodies. After adjusted analyses, women with mild FI presented higher scores for Factor 1 and lower scores for Factor 3. Higher scores for Factor 4 (p25) were observed among women with mild FI in simultaneous quantile regression. M/S FI was associated with lower scores for Factor 3 (p75). Mixed patterns with factors negatively and positively associated with energy balance were identified among pregnant women with FI.

Key words:
Social Inequality; Food Security; Energy; Cross-Sectional Studies

Variables		n	%
Age Group (years)
	0-19	88	16.4
	20-29	399	74.6
	≥30	48	9.0
Schooling (years)
	0-7	109	18.1
	8-10	229	38.0
	≥11	264	43.9
Food Insecurity
	Food security	281	52.5
	Mild	217	40.6
	Moderate	23	4.3
	Severe	14	2.6
		Mean	Std. Dev
Energy balance-related behaviors
Food frequency
	Vegetables (times per week)	4.3	2.1
	Fruits (times per week)	4.7	2.1
	Sweets and goodies (times per week)	3.4	2.4
	Soda/sweet drinks (times per week)	3.3	2.6
Physical activity domains
	Household caregiving activities (mets)	17.1	9.1
	Paid work (mets)	3.5	5.3
	Sports/Exercise (mets)	2.4	3.8
	Commuting (mets)	2.7	2.1
	Physical inactivity (mets)	6.9	3.3

	Variables	Factor 1 - Household/caregiving activities, sports/exercise, and physical inactivity						Factor 2 - Fruits and vegetables
		Non-Adjusted			Adjusted			Non-Adjusted			Adjusted
		Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value
Food Insecurity
	Food Security	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
	Mild FI	0.183	0.083; 0.282	<0.001	0.192	0.058; 0.326	0.005	0.084	0.016; 0.184	0.100	0.119	-0.022; 0.261	0.100
	Moderate/Severe FI	-0.002	-0.277; 0.273	0.986	0.038	-0.180; 0.255	0.736	-0.216	-0.524; 0.091	0.168	-0.060	-0.269. 0.148	0.570
Age (years)		0.009	-0.002; 0.021	0.120	0.007	-0.005; 0.020	0.266	0.004	-0.008; 0.018	0.464	0.003	-0.006; 0.012	0.566
Education (years)		0.016	-0.003; 0.036	0.101	0.013	0.009; 0.036	0.242	0.044	0.029; 0.061	<0.001	0.051	0.034; 0.067	<0.001
Constant					-0.046	-0.861; -0.685	0.022				-0.681	-0.974; -0.389	<0.001
	Variables	Factor 3 - Paid work and commuting						Factor 4 - Soda and sweetened drink, sweets, and goodies
		Non-Adjusted			Adjusted			Non-Adjusted			Adjusted
		Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value
Food Insecurity
	Food Security	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
	Mild FI	0.003	-0.135; 0.141	0.966	0.011	0.001; 0.220	0.047	0.124	-0.490; 0.297	0.160	0.0.83	-0.059; 0.226	0.253
	Moderate/Severe FI	-0.037	-0.589; -0.159	0.001	-0.238	-0.360; - 0.117	<0.001	-0.177	-0.454; 0.101	0.212	-0.180	-0.409; 0.048	0.123
Age (years)		0.017	0.006; 0.028	0.002	0.013	0.007; 0.019	<0.001	-0.247	-0.033; -0.016	<0.001	-0.023	-0.033; -0.014	<0.001
Education (years)		0.035	0.007; 0.064	0.012	0.028	0.017; 0.039	<0.001	-0.013	0.120; 0.730	0.132	0.019	-0.005; 0.016	0.288
Constant					-0.630	-0.807; -0.454	<0.001				-0.765	-0.464; 1.00	<0.001

	Variables	Factor 1 - Household/caregiving activities, sports/exercise, and physical inactivity						Factor 2 - Fruits and vegetables
		Quantile 25			Quantile 75			Quantile 25			Quantile 75
		Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value
Food Insecurity
	Food Security	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
	Mild FI	0.18	-0.01; 0.37	0.007	0.02	-0.14; 0.19	0.753	0.017	-0.11; 0.14	0.797	0.10	-0.03; 0.23	0.137
	Moderate/Severe FI	-0.01	-0.20; 0.20	0.996	-0.16	-0.75; 0.43	0.596	-0.10	-0.26; 0.06	0.236	0.09	-0.59; 0.78	0.789
Age (years)		0.01	- 0.01; 0.01	0.886	0.00	-0.01; 0.02	0.493	0.003	-0.01; 0.01	0.624	0.01	0.03; 0.02	0.045
Education (years)		0.01	-0.01; 0.03	0.457	0.01	-0.01; 0.04	0.279	0.020	-0.05; 0.04	0.015	0.06	0.03; 0.09	<0.001
Constant		-0.67	-1.05; -0.29	0.001	0.13	-0.28; 0.54	0.546	-0.70	-1.05; -0.36	<0.001	-0.63	-1.02; -0.24	0.001
	Variables	Factor 3 - Paid work and commuting						Factor 4 - Soda and sweetened drink, sweets, and goodies
		Quantile 25			Quantile 75			Quantile 25			Quantile 75
		Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value	Coef	95%CI	P value
Food Insecurity
	Food Security	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
	Mild FI	0.014	-0.13; 0.16	0.854	-0.14	-0.32; 0.04	0.135	0.17	0.03; 0.31	0.013	0.06	-0.09; 0.21	0.462
	Moderate/Severe FI	-0.20	- 0.59; 0.20	0.338	-0.56	-1.02; -0.94	0.018	0.03	-0.26; 0.31	0.860	-0.30	-0.61; 0.01	0.060
Age (years)		0.008	-0.03; 0.02	0.170	0.02	0.001; 0.03	0.032	-0.03	-0.03; -0.01	0.001	-0.03	-0.03; -0.13	<0.001
Education (years)		0.05	0.01; 0.08	0.009	0.02	-0.01; 0.04	0.194	0.02	-0.01; 0.04	0.182	-0.03	-0.64; 0.03	0.078
Constant		-1.05	1.53; - 0.57	0.001	-0.07	-0.52; 0.40	0.781	0.01	-0.39; 0.40	0.971	1.33	0.82; 1.83	0.001

ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Brasil, 4036 - sala 700 Manguinhos, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil, Tel.: +55 21 3882-9153 / 3882-9151 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Chief editors:

Romeu Gomes, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva