Urban road traffic deaths: data linkage and identification of high-risk population sub-groups

Paixão, Lúcia Maria Miana Mattos; Gontijo, Eliana Dias; Mingoti, Sueli Aparecida; Costa, Dário Alves da Silva; Friche, Amélia Augusta de Lima; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00081314

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ARTICLE • Cad. Saúde Pública 31 (suppl 1) • Nov 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00081314 linkcopy

Urban road traffic deaths: data linkage and identification of high-risk population sub-groups

Óbitos en el tráfico urbano: calificación de la información y caracterización de grupos vulnerables

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study analyzes the profile of deaths from road traffic accidents in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, by linking two public databases, the Information System of the Urban Transportation and Transit Company (BH10) and the Mortality Information System (SIM). The linked database (n = 306) identified a 24% under-recording rate for deaths and differed in the age distribution from the BH10 database and in roadway user category when compared to the mortality database. The mortality rate for road traffic accidents within the city limits was 10.2 per 100,000 thousand, and was higher among men, young adults, and the elderly. Poisson multivariate regression showed a higher mean death rate for motorcycle occupants (rate ratio – RR: 1.81); pedestrians (RR: 1.32); males (RR: 1.24); single/divorced (RR: 1.27); young adults 18-29 years of age (RR: 1.75); elderly (RR: 1.59); and deaths at the crash site (RR: 1.39) when compared to the reference categories. The study unveils the city’s traffic violence, expressed by the large proportion of deaths at the crash site and within the first 24 hours, and confirms the relevance of database linkage for characterizing vulnerable groups and traffic accident mortality in the urban setting.

Traffic Accidents; Mortality; Information System; Urban Health

	SIM (n = 625)			BH10-SIM (n = 306)			BH10 (n = 247)
	n	%	p-value *	n	%	p-value *	n	%
Age bracket (years)
≤ 17	40	6.40		12	3.92		9	3.64
18-29	170	27.20		99	32.35		82	33.20
30-39	115	18.40		57	18.63		48	19.43
40-49	84	13.44		39	12.75		29	11.74
50-59	87	13.92		35	11.44		25	10.12
≥ 60	129	20.64		64	20.92		38	15.38
Data missing	0	0.00		0	0.00		16	6.48
BH10-SIM vs. SIM			0.392
BH10-SIM vs. BH10						0.001
Gender
Male	499	79.84		250	81.70		203	82.19
Female	126	20.16		56	18.30		43	17.41
Data missing	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.40
BH10-SIM vs. SIM			0.559
BH10-SIM vs. BH10						0.521
Roadway users
Pedestrians	249	39.84		148	48.37		108	43.72
Automobile occupants	143	22.88		45	14.71		50	20.24
Bicycle occupants	19	3.04		9	2.94		3	1.21
Motorcycle occupants	156	24.96		96	31.37		76	30.77
Heavy vehicle occupants	18	2.88		8	2.61		6	2.43
Occupants of other vehicles **	8	1.28		0	0.00		1	0.40
Unspecified **	32	5.12		0	0.00		3	1.21
BH10-SIM vs. SIM			0.015
BH10-SIM vs. BH10						0.291

Variable	n (306)	%	B	p-value	RR	95%CI
Roadway users
Pedestrians	149	48.69	0.102	0.419	1.110	0.865-1.416
Motorcycle occupants	95	31.05	0.519	0.004	1.680	1.180-2.391
Automobile occupants	45	14.71	0.09	0.501	1.090	0.843-1.420
Bicycle occupants	9	2.94	-0.134	0.249	0.880	0.697-1.098
Heavy vehicles	8	2.61	-		1.000	-
Gender
Male	250	81.7	0.252	0.003	1.287	1.091-1.517
Female	56	18.3	-		1.000	-
Age bracket (years)
≥ 60	64	20.92	0.267	< 0.001	1.306	1.137-1.500
50-59	35	11.44	0.26	0.008	1.296	1.071-1.569
40-49	39	12.75	0.198	0.065	1.219	0.988-1.504
30-39	57	18.63	0.236	0.003	1.267	1.083-1.482
18-29	99	32.35	0.606	< 0.001	1.833	1.415-2.376
≤ 17	12	3.92	-		1.000	-
Race/Color
Black/Brown	178	58.17	0.118	0.235	1.126	0.925-1.370
White	128	41.83			1.000
Schooling (years)
≤ 3	54	17.65	0.038	0.695	1.038	0.860-1.253
4-7	89	29.08	0.163	0.117	1.177	0.960-1.441
8-11	124	40.52	0.297	0.02	1.345	1.047-1.727
≥ 12	39	12.75	-		1.000	-
Marital status
Widowed	17	5.56	0.079	0.63	1.082	0.785-1.489
Single/Divorced/Separated	208	67.97	0.213	0.02	1.238	1.034-1.481
Married	81	26.47	0.000		1.000	-
Place of death
Roadway	125	40.85	0.202	0.084	1.224	0.973-1.538
Hospital	181	59.15	-		1.000	-
Interval *
< 24 hours	204	66.67	0.291	0.003	1.337	1.107-1.615
1-29 days	81	26.47	0.167	0.085	1.182	0.977-1.429
≥ 30 days	21	6.86	-		1.000	-
Place and time of death **
Roadway	125	40.85	0.359	0.004	1.432	1.122-1.825
Hospital (< 24 hours)	79	25.82	0.192	0.055	1.211	0.995-1.474
Hospital (1-29 days)	81	26.47	0.167	0.085	1.182	0.977-1.429
Hospital (≥ 30 days)	21	6.86	-		1.000	-

Variables	B	p-value *	RR	95%CI
Intercept	-0.909	< 0.001	0.403	0.248-0.654
Roadway users
Pedestrians	0.278	0.035	1.321	1.020-1.711
Motorcycle occupants	0.594	0.001	1.812	1.286-2.552
Automobile occupants	0.118	0.359	1.125	0.875-1.448
Bicycle occupants	-0.113	0.396	0.893	0.687-1.160
Heavy vehicles	-		1.000
Gender
Male	0.214	0.005	1.238	1.065-1.439
Female	-		1.000
Age bracket (years)
≥ 60	0.468	0.000	1.597	1.240-2.057
50-59	0.326	0.016	1.385	1.062-1.805
40-49	0.312	0.047	1.366	1.004-1.858
30-39	0.218	0.060	1.243	0.991-1.560
18-29	0.557	0.000	1.746	1.331-2.291
≤ 17	-		1.000
Marital status
Widowed	0.202	0.262	1.224	0.860-1.743
Single/Divorced/Separated	0.245	0.008	1.277	1.065-1.532
Married	-		1.000
Place and time of death **
Roadway	0.331	0.003	1.392	1.115-1.737
Hospital (< 24 hours)	0.093	0.348	1.097	0.904-1.331
Hospital (1-29 days)	0.178	0.510	1.195	0.999-1.430
Hospital (≥ 30 days)	-		1.000

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Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480 , 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil, Tel.:+55 21 2598-2511, Fax: +55 21 2598-2737 / +55 21 2598-2514 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
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[TFN1] BH10: Information System of the Belo Horizonte Urban Transportation and Transit Company; BH10-SIM: linkage of BH10 and SIM databases; SIM: Mortality Information System. * χ² test; ** Excluded from the analysis.