Association between eating patterns and body mass index
					in a sample of children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Santos, Nadya Helena Alves dos; Fiaccone, Rosemeire Leovigildo; Barreto, Maurício Lima; Silva, Luce Alves da; Silva, Rita de Cássia Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00178613

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ARTICLE • Cad. Saúde Pública 30 (10) • Oct 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00178613 copy

Association between eating patterns and body mass index in a sample of children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Associação entre padrões alimentares e índice de massa corporal em amostra de crianças e adolescentes do Nordeste brasileiro

Asociación entre patrones de alimentación e índice de masa corporal en una muestra de niños y adolescentes en el noreste de Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between eating patterns and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study of 1,247 male and female students, aged between 6 and 12, from public elementary schools in São Francisco do Conde, Bahia State, Brasil. BMI was used to analyze the children’s nutritional status. Food consumption frequencies, in addition to demographic and socioeconomic information, were collected for each participant. Dietary patterns were identified through a factor analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.3% (10.2% overweight and 7.1% obese). Two eating patterns, “obesogenic” and “prudent”, were identified. The former is characterized by sweets and sugars, typical Brazilian dishes, pastries, fast food, oils, milk, cereals, cakes, and sauces, and was positively associated with increased BMI (ßi = 0.244; p = 0.018). An “obesogenic” dietary pattern was associated with increased BMI.

Feeding Behavior; Body Mass Index; Adolescent; Child

Variable	n	%
Age (years) *
< 10	609	49.8
≥ 10	614	50.2
Gender
Male	662	53.1
Female	585	46.9
Caregiver education *
Illiterate	49	4.2
Elementary school-cycle I	306	25.9
Elementary school-cycle II	302	25.6
Middle school and above	523	44.3
Family income (minimum wage *)
≥ 1.5	506	42.3
< 1.5	691	57.7
Economic classification *
Class B	661	56.3
Classes C, D, E	514	43.7
Household location
Urban	434	34.8
Rural	813	65.2
Puberty *
Pre-pubescent	953	76.4
Pubescent	294	23.6
Sedentarism *
Sedentary	311	25.1
Non-sedentary	926	74.9
Physical activity level *
Active	985	79.2
Inactive	258	20.8

Foods and food groups	“Obesogenic” pattern	“Prudent” pattern	h₂
Sugars	0.697	0.085	0.498
Typical Brazilian dishes	0.601	0.115	0.378
Pastries	0.586	0.113	0.351
Fast food	0.767	0.012	0.590
Oils	0.619	0.265	0.457
Milk	0.656	0.165	0.470
Cereals (rice, cassava flour, and pasta)	0.424	0.319	0.326
Cakes and filled cookies	0.531	0.017	0.290
Roots and tubers	0.253	0.641	0.460
Legumes	0.052	0.825	0.684
Fruits	0.463	0.503	0.449
Leafy vegetables	0.073	0.747	0.568
Sauces	0.640	0.100	0.423

Eigenvalues	4.090	1.658
% Variance explained	30.25	17.63
% Variance accumulated	47.89

Nutrient	“Obesogenic” pattern		“Prudent” pattern
Nutrient	Absolute	Adjusted	Absolute	Adjusted
Energy	0.491 *	-	0.224 *
Carbohydrate	0.459 *	-0.023	0.219 *	0.007 *
Total fat	0.523 *	0.083 *	0.193 *	-0.118 *
PUFA	0.411 *	0.086 *	0.167 *	-0.020
MUFA	0.495 *	0.121 *	0.148 *	-0.062 *
SFA	0.436 *	0.132 *	0.128 *	-0.115 *
Protein	0.432 *	-0.143 *	0.273 *	0.123 *
Fiber	0.305 *	-0.120 *	0.309 *	0.257 *
Fe	0.420 *	-0.009	0.195 *	0.114 *
Zn	0.358 *	-0.005	0.174 *	0.090 *
Vitamin B6	0.327 *	-0.029	0.344 *	0.321 *
Vitamin B12	0.120 *	-0.011	0.352 *	0.327 *
Niacin	0.351 *	-0.052	0.197 *	0.120 *
Folate	0.348 *	-0.057 *	0.304 *	0.276 *
Retinol	0.219 *	-0.001	0.566 *	0.557 *
Na	0.417 *	-0.041	0.088 *	-0.082 *
Ca	0.360 *	-0.069 *	0.181 *	0.094 *

	“Obesogenic” pattern		“Prudent” pattern
	β *	p-value	β *	p-value
Model 0	0.232	0.008	0.003	0.977
Model 1	0.229	0.007	-0.003	0.976
Model 2	0.242	0.005	-0.006	0.941
Model 3	0.231	0.009	-0.009	0.913
Model 4	0.244	0.018	-0.025	0.776

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[1] Correspondence. R. C. R. Silva. Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Rua Araújo Pinho 32, Salvador, BA 40150-260, Brasil. rcrsilva@ufba.br