Eventos estressantes ao longo do ciclo de vida e desigualdades sociais em um estudo de coorte

Lessa, Ingrid Medeiros; Gonçalves-Silva, Bruna; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista; Wehrmeister, Fernando César; Gonçalves, Helen

doi:10.1590/0102-311XEN052125

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ARTICLE • Cad. Saúde Pública 41 (11) • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311XEN052125 linkcopiar

Eventos estressantes ao longo do ciclo de vida e desigualdades sociais em um estudo de coorte

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Eventos estressantes são situações evitáveis e potencialmente traumáticas que prejudicam a saúde física e mental. Pesquisas sobre esse tema geralmente são realizadas em contextos sem desigualdades sociais significativas. Descrevemos medidas de prevalência e de desigualdade para exposição a diferentes eventos estressantes de acordo com sexo, cor da pele, renda familiar e escolaridade, utilizando dados de cinco acompanhamentos da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas (Brasil) de 1993. Avaliamos eventos estressantes até a adolescência (< 18 anos, n = 2.755), na idade adulta (18-30 anos, n = 1.752) e em ambos os contextos (n = 1.400). As características das amostras analíticas foram semelhantes à linha de base de acordo com a ponderação de probabilidade inversa. Utilizaram-se medidas simples e complexas para medir desigualdades (diferença, razão, índice de inclinação da desigualdade e índice de concentração). Até a adolescência, os eventos estressantes mais prevalentes foram separação dos pais (67,5% dos homens) e morte de um familiar (66,1% das mulheres). A morte de um familiar foi o evento estressante mais prevalente para ambos os sexos na idade adulta (homens: 65,8%; mulheres: 63,2%) e em ambos os períodos (homens: 44,1%; mulheres: 44,2%). Independentemente do período da vida, negros e indivíduos menos escolarizados e mais pobres foram os mais expostos à maioria dos eventos estressantes. Negligência emocional, encarceramento, separação dos pais e discriminação foram as exposições mais desiguais, com negros, aqueles com menor escolaridade e os mais pobres sendo os mais afetados, as mulheres sendo mais expostas à negligência emocional e à discriminação, e os homens às demais exposições. Programas de saúde física e mental devem ser desenvolvidos para prevenir tais exposições e minimizar os danos à saúde, especialmente nos grupos mais vulneráveis.

Palavras-chave:
Estresse Psicológico; Fatores Socioeconômicos; Demografia; Desigualdades Sociais; Coorte de Nascimento

Characteristics	Original sample perinatal		Participants included
	Original sample perinatal		Adolescence		Adulthood		Both periods
	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Sex
Male	49.6	48.2; 50.9	49.6	47.7; 51.5	49.6	47.2; 52.0	49.7	47.0; 52.4
Female	50.4	49.0; 51.7	50.4	48.5; 52.3	50.4	48.0; 52.8	50.3	47.6; 53.0
Skin color *
Black	33.5	32.1; 34.9	32.7	30.9; 34.5	34.0	31.8; 36.4	33.2	30.8; 35.8
White	66.5	65.0; 67.9	67.3	65.5; 69.0	66.0	63.6; 68.2	66.7	64.2; 69.8
Family income (minimum wages)
≤ 1	18.8	17.7; 19.9	17.1	15.7; 18.6	17.3	15.6; 19.2	16.6	14.7; 18.7
1.1-3	41.8	40.4; 43.1	41.8	39.9; 43.7	41.8	39.4; 44.1	41.9	39.3; 44.6
3.1-6	23.4	22.3; 24.6	25.7	24.0; 27.4	25.6	23.6; 27.7	25.9	23.6; 28.3
≥ 6.1	15.9	14.9; 16.9	15.4	14.1; 16.9	15.3	13.7; 17.1	15.6	13.7; 17.6
Maternal schooling (years)
0-4	28.0	26.8; 29.2	26.2	24.6; 27.9	27.4	25.3; 29.6	26.9	24.6; 29.4
5-8	46.2	44.9; 47.6	49.2	47.3; 51.0	47.1	44.7; 49.5	47.9	45.3; 50.6
9-11	17.6	16.6; 18.7	17.4	16.0; 18.8	17.9	16.2; 19.8	17.9	15.9; 20.0
12 or more	8.1	7.4; 8.9	7.2	6.3; 8.3	7.6	6.5; 8.9	7.2	6.0; 8.7

Stressful event	Adolescence		Adulthood		Both periods
Stressful event	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Physical abuse/violence	56.9	55.0; 58.7	18.1	16.4; 20.1	11.1	9.5; 12.9
Sexual abuse/violence	1.4	1.0; 1.9	3.0	2.3; 3.9	0.1	0.0; 0.6
Emotional neglect	32.6	30.8; 34.4	41.1	38.7; 43.4	17.2	15.3; 19.3
Death of parents	10.0	8.9; 11.2	15.5	13.8; 17.3	1.0	0.6; 1.6
Parental divorce	64.3	62.5; 66.1	8.1	6.9; 9.5	3.9	3.0; 5.1
Death of a relative/close person	64.7	62.8; 66.5	64.5	62.2; 66.7	44.2	41.5; 46.8
Financial difficulties	22.2	20.7; 23.9	39.6	37.3; 42.0	10.9	9.4; 12.7
Discrimination	15.1	13.8; 16.5	30.9	28.7; 33.1	6.2	5.0; 7.6
Domestic violence	28.9	27.2; 30.6	0.7	0.4; 1.2	0.1	0.0; 0.6
Relationship dissolution	20.6	19.1; 22.2	31.4	29.3; 33.7	7.8	6.5; 9.4
Incarceration	4.2	3.5; 5.1	5.0	4.0; 6.2	0.0	-
Moving out against their will	5.9	5.1; 6.9	13.4	11.8; 15.1	1.2	0.7; 1.9
Community fear/insecurity	57.1	55.3; 59.0	58.3	55.9; 60.6	28.0	25.6; 30.5
Mother’s mental disorders	30.0	28.3; 31.8	-	-	-	-

Stressful event	Adolescence
	Sex (male n = 1,341; female n = 1,364)				Skin color (black n = 854; white n = 1,757)
	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical abuse	6.1	2.0; 10.0	1.1	1.0; 1.2	12.8	8.9; 16.8	1.2	1.2; 1.3
Sexual abuse	-1.7	-2.5; -0.8	0.2	0.1; 0.5	0.5	-0.5; 1.4	1.4	0.7; 2.7
Emotional neglect	-15.1	-19.0; -12.0	0.6	0.5; 0.7	4.9	0.9; 8.7	1.1	1.0; 1.3
Death of parents	-2.0	-4.2; 0.3	0.8	0.6; 1.0	2.9	0.3; 5.4	1.3	1.0; 1.7
Parental divorce	6.3	2.7; 10.0	1.1	1.0; 1.2	12.7	9.0; 16.5	1.2	1.1; 1.3
Death of a relative/close person	-2.9	-6.5; 0.6	0.9	0.9; 1.0	5.7	1.8; 9.6	1.1	1.0; 1.2
Financial difficulties	0.0	-3.1; 3.2	1.0	0.9; 1.1	6.4	2.9; 9.9	1.3	1.1; 1.5
Discrimination	-3.8	-6.5; -1.1	0.8	0.6; 0.9	4.3	1.2; 7.3	1.3	1.1; 1.6
Domestic violence	-5.9	-9.2; -2.4	0.8	0.7; 0.9	7.0	3.1; 10.7	1.3	1.1; 1.4
Relationship dissolution	-4.0	-7.0; -1.0	0.8	0.7; 0.9	-0.3	-3.6; 2.9	1.0	0.8; 1.1
Incarceration	4.1	2.5; 5.6	2.9	1.9; 4.3	1.3	-0.4; 3.0	1.3	0.9; 1.9
Moving out against their will	-3.0	-4.8; -1.2	0.6	0.4; 0.8	1.2	-0.7; 3.1	1.2	0.8; 1.7
Community fear/insecurity	0.7	-2.9; 4.5	1.0	0.9; 1.1	-3.3	-7.3; 0.8	0.9	0.9; 1.0
Mother mental disorders	1.2	-2.2; 4.7	1.0	0.9; 1.2	7.5	3.6; 11.3	1.3	1.1; 1.4
	Adulthood
	Sex (male n = 853; female n = 866)				Skin color (black n = 544; white n = 1,055)
	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical violence	1.3	-2.4; 4.8	1.1	0.9; 1.3	1.4	-2.6; 5.5	1.1	0.9; 1.3
Sexual violence	-0.8	-2.4; 0.8	0.8	0.4; 1.3	1.3	-0.7; 3.1	1.5	0.8; 2.5
Emotional neglect	-4.9	-9.6; -0.3	0.9	0.8; 1.0	7.6	2.4; 12.7	1.2	1.1; 1.3
Death of parents	-1.2	-4.7; 2.2	0.9	0.7; 1.1	1.3	-2.5; 5.1	1.1	0.8; 7.4
Parental divorce	1.0	-1.6; 3.5	1.1	0.8; 1.5	-1.3	-4.0; 1.5	0.8	0.6; 1.2
Death of a relative/close person	2.6	-2.0; 7.0	1.0	1.0; 1.1	10.0	5.1; 14.7	1.2	1.1; 1.2
Financial difficulties	0.4	-4.2; 5.0	1.0	0.9; 1.1	11.3	6.2; 16.4	1.3	1.2; 1.5
Discrimination	-9.1	-13.5; -4.8	0.7	0.6; 0.8	14.8	9.8; 19.6	1.6	1.4; 1.8
Domestic violence	-0.5	-1.3; 0.2	0.4	0.1; 1.4	0.5	-0.4; 1.5	2.0	0.6; 6.0
Relationship dissolution	2.9	-1.6; 7.2	1.1	0.9; 1.2	6.8	1.9; 11.7	1.2	1.1; 1.4
Incarceration	6.9	5.0; 9.0	5.3	3.0; 9.3	0.7	-1.6; 3.1	1.1	0.7; 1.8
Moving out against their will	0.7	-2.5; 3.9	1.0	0.8; 1.3	2.4	-1.2; 5.9	1.2	0.9; 1.5
Community fear/insecurity	2.0	-2.7; 6.7	1.0	0.9; 1.1	-5.1	-10.3; -0.1	0.9	0.8; 1.0
	Both periods
	Sex (male n = 683; female n = 691)				Skin color (black n = 441; white n = 886)
	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical abuse/violence	2.3	-1.0; 5.6	1.2	0.9; 1.6	0.8	-2.8; 4.5	1.1	0.8; 1.5
Sexual abuse/violence	0.1	-0.4; 0.4	2.0	0.1; 16.1	0.1	-0.4; 0.6	2.0	0.1; 32.0
Emotional neglect	-6.7	-10.6; -2.7	0.7	0.5; 0.8	6.6	2.1; 11.2	1.4	1.1; 1.8
Death of parents	-0.6	-1.6; 0.5	0.5	0.2; 1.7	0.6	-0.7; 1.8	1.7	0.6; 5.1
Parental divorce	2.6	0.4; 4.5	2,0	1.1; 3.4	1.5	-0.9; 3.8	1.4	0.8; 2.4
Death of a relative/close person	-0.1	-5.3; 5.2	1.0	0.9; 1.1	12.3	6.5; 17.9	1.3	1.1; 1.5
Financial difficulties	0.5	-3.0; 3.7	1.0	0.8; 1.4	5.9	2.0; 9.6	1.6	1.2; 2.2
Discrimination	-3.0	-5.5; -0.4	0.6	0.4; 0.9	5.3	2.3; 8.4	2.3	1.5; 3.5
Domestic violence	0.0	-0.4; 0.4	1.0	0.0; 16.1	0.1	-0.4; 0.6	2.0	0.1; 32.0
Relationship dissolution	0.0	-0.3; 0.3	1.0	0.7; 1.4	2.4	-0.9; 5.5	1.3	0.9; 1.9
Incarceration	0.0	0.0; 0.0	-	-	0.0	0.0; 0.0	-	-
Moving out against their will	-0.3	-1.4; 0.8	0.8	0.3; 2.1	0.3	-0.9; 1.6	1.3	0.5; 3.7
Community fear/insecurity	8.4	3.7; 13.2	1.3	1.1; 1.6	-4.8	-9.8; 0.3	0.8	0.7; 1.0

Stressful event	Adolescence
Stressful event	SII (p.p.)	95%CI	CIX	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical abuse	-22.2	-28.5; -16.0	-0.1	0.0; -0.1	17.2	11.4; 23.1	1.3	1.2; 1.5
Sexual abuse	-2.5	-4.3; -0.7	-0.3	-0.5; -0.1	2.5	0.7; 4.2	4.1	1.5; 13.0
Emotional neglect	-18.6	-24.7; -12.6	-0.1	-0.1; -0.1	17.8	12.1; 23.5	1.7	1.4; 2.0
Death of parents	-12.0	-16.1; -7.9	-0.2	-0.3; -0.1	10.0	6.3; 13.8	2.7	1.9; 4.1
Parental divorce	-46.2	-51.5; -40.8	-0.1	-0.1; -0.1	39.5	34.0; 44.7	1.9	1.7; 2.1
Death of a relative/close person	-9.3	-15.5; -3.1	0.0	0.0; 0.0	9.4	3.8; 15.3	1.1	1.0; 1.3
Financial difficulties	-31.0	-36.2; -25.7	-0.2	-0.3; -0.2	26.9	21.9; 31.9	3.5	2.7; 4.6
Discrimination	-15.8	-20.7; -10.8	-0.2	-0.2; -0.1	12.9	8.2; 17.5	2.1	1.6; 2.7
Domestic violence	-21.1	-26.9; -15.3	-0.1	-0.1; -0.1	18.2	12.8; 23.7	1.9	1.5; 2.3
Relationship dissolution	4.9	-0.4; 10.2	0.0	0.0; 0.1	-4.0	-8.8; 0.9	0.8	0.6; 1.0
Incarceration	-3.9	-7.0; -0.8	-0.2	-0.3; 0.0	3.3	0.5; 6.3	1.7	1.1; 2.9
Moving out against their will	-9.1	-12.7; -5.6	-0.2	-0.3; -0.2	7.3	3.9; 10.4	2.9	1.7; 4.5
Community fear/insecurity	0.5	-6.0; 7.0	0.0	0.0; 0.0	-2.2	-8.2; 3.7	1.0	0.9; 1.1
Mother mental disorders	-27.5	-33.3; -21.8	-0.1	-0.2; -0.1	24.0	18.5; 29.5	2.2	1.8; 2.6
	Adulthood
	SII (p.p.)	95%CI	CIX	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical violence	-13.2	-20.4; -5.9	-0.1	-0.1; 0.0	8.4	1.7; 15.1	1.5	1.1; 2.1
Sexual violence	-3.0	-6.5; 0.4	0.0	-0.2; 0.1	2.8	-0.5; 6.0	2.2	0.9; 5.2
Emotional neglect	-17.0	-25.8; -8.2	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	14.7	6.4; 22.7	1.4	1.2; 1.7
Death of parents	-14.6	-21.1; -8.1	-0.1	-0.2; 0.0	12.7	6.7; 18.4	2.5	1.6; 3.9
Parental divorce	- 0.8	-5.9; 4.2	0.0	-0.1; 0.1	4.0	-0.8; 8.4	1.6	0.9; 2.8
Death of a relative/close person	-11.9	-20.6; -3.2	0.0	0.0; 0.0	8.4	0.4; 16.4	1.1	1.0; 1.3
Financial difficulties	-21.4	-30.0; -12.8	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	23.0	15.2; 31.0	1.9	1.5; 2.3
Discrimination	-8.7	-17.0; -0.5	0.0	0.0; 0.0	10.1	2.7; 17.8	1.4	1.1; 1.9
Domestic violence	-2.0	-4.0; -0.1	-0.4	-0.7; 0.0	1.9	0.0; 3.8	7.3	0.8; 52.5
Relationship dissolution	-12.5	-21.1; -4.0	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	9.0	0.9; 16.7	1.3	1.0; 1.6
Incarceration	-7.4	-11.5; -3.3	-0.1	-0.2; 0.1	6.1	2.7; 9.4	6.5	2.0; 22.4
Moving out against their will	-10.9	-17.1; -4.7	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	9.0	3.5; 14.7	2.0	1.3; 3.3
Community fear/insecurity	-3.5	-5.5; 12.5	0.0	0.0; 0.0	-3.2	-11.6; 5.0	0.9	0.8; 1.1
	Both periods
	SII (p.p.)	95%CI	CIX	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical abuse/violence	-10.3	-16.7; -3.9	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	7.8	2.0; 13.7	2.2	1.2; 4.0
Sexual abuse/violence	0.0	-1.7; 0.5	-0.2	-1.3; 0.9	0.6	-0.5; 1.5	-	-
Emotional neglect	-17.0	-24.7; -9.3	-0.1	-0.1; 0.0	15.2	7.9; 22.6	2.4	1.6; 3.7
Death of parents	0.7	-0.7; 2.2	0.2	0.0; 0.4	-0.1	-1.2; 1.4	0.8	0.1; 18.7
Parental divorce	-2.4	-6.2; 1.4	0.0	-0.2; 0.2	3.2	-0.1; 6.9	3.0	0.9; 9.3
Death of a relative/close person	-17.0	-26.9; -7.1	0.0	0.0; 0.0	12.3	3.1; 21.6	1.4	1.1; 1.7
Financial difficulties	-13.4	-19.6; -7.2	0.0	-0.1; 0.1	12.8	7.1; 18.5	4.6	2.2; 10.0
Discrimination	-4.7	-9.9; 0.5	-0.1	-0.2; 0.0	3.8	-0.8; 8.7	1.8	0.9; 3.8
Domestic violence	-0.9	-2.1; 0.3	-0.9	-1.0; -0.7	1,0	-0.3; 2.4	-	-
Relationship dissolution	-5.4	-11.0; 0.2	-0.1	-0.2; 0.0	3.0	-2.0; 8.2	1.5	0.8; 3.0
Incarceration	-	0.0	0.0	-	-	-	-	-
Moving out against their will	-2.8	-5.1; -0.5	-0.1	-0.5; 0.3	2.1	0.1; 4.0	-	-
Community fear/insecurity	1.7	-7.7; 11.1	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	-3.5	-12.1; 5.0	0.9	0.6; 1.2

Stressful event	Adolescence
Stressful event	SII (p.p.)	95%CI	CIX	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical abuse	-38.7	-45.1; -32.3	-0.1	-0.1; -0.1	28.1	18.2; 38.4	1.7	1.3; 2.2
Sexual abuse	-2.1	-4.0; -0.1	-0.2	-0.4; 0.0	-0.3	-3.0; 3.0	0.9	0.2; 4.1
Emotional neglect	-6.7	-13.5; 0.1	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	5.6	-3.8; 15.0	1.2	0.9; 1.6
Death of parents	-11.7	-16.3; -7.1	-0.2	-0.2; -0.1	6.3	0.7; 11.8	1.9	0.9; 3.9
Parental divorce	-46.7	-52.6; -40.9	-0.1	-0.1; -0.1	41.2	31.1; 50.9	2.1	1.6; 2.7
Death of a relative/close person	-11.8	-18.8; -4.9	0.0	0.0; 0.0	5.4	-4.5; 15.4	1.1	0.9; 1.3
Financial difficulties	-29.9	-35.7; -24.0	-0.2	-0.2; -0.1	19.4	13.0; 26.7	2.6	1.6; 4.8
Discrimination	-11.9	-17.2; -6.6	-0.1	-0.2; -0.1	6.6	-0.4; 13.3	1.5	0.9; 2.6
Domestic violence	-13.6	-20.2; -7.0	-0.1	-0.1; 0.0	6.7	-2.7; 15.6	1.2	0.9; 1.7
Relationship dissolution	-1.7	-7.7; 4.2	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	-2.9	-11.1; 6.4	0.9	0.6; 1.3
Incarceration	-9.8	-13.6; -6.0	-0.3	-0.4; -0.2	2.7	-1.2; 7.2	1.6	0.6; 4.6
Moving out against their will	-7.8	-11.5; -4.1	-0.2	-0.2; -0.1	4.1	-0.1; 8.3	2.0	0.7; 5.3
Community fear/insecurity	3.5	-3.7; 10.8	0.0	0.0; 0.0	-3.8	-13.8; 6.5	0.9	0.8; 1.1
Mother mental disorders	-31.0	-37.3; -24.7	-0.1	-0.2; -0.1	16.8	8.0; 25.6	1.7	1.2; 2.5
	Adulthood
	SII (p.p.)	95%CI	CIX	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical violence	-3.7	-10.7; 3.3	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	5.2	0.0; 10.6	1.3	1.0; 1.6
Sexual violence	-2.7	-6.1; 0.7	-0.1	-0.3; 0.1	3.3	0.6; 6.2	2.2	1.2; 4.1
Emotional neglect	1.0	-7.7; 9.7	0.0	0.0; 0.0	0.6	-5.8; 7.0	1.0	0.9; 1.2
Death of parents	-10.8	-17.1; -4.4	-0.1	-0.2; 0.0	7.9	2.9; 12.8	1.6	1.2; 2.2
Parental divorce	-2.5	-7.4; 2.4	0.0	-0.1; 0.1	2.2	-1.4; 6.0	1.3	0.9; 2.0
Death of a relative/close person	-7.0	-15.5; 1.5	0.0	0.0; 0.0	3.6	-2.6; 9.8	1.1	1.0; 1.2
Financial difficulties	-12.5	-21.0; -4.0	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	8.1	1.7; 14.4	1.2	1.0; 1.4
Discrimination	14.4	6.2; 22.6	0.1	0.0; 0.1	-7.8	-13.7; 1.9	0.8	0.6; 0.9
Domestic violence	-0.6	-2.0; 0.7	-0.2	-0.5; 0.1	0.4	-0.7; 1.5	1.8	0.4; 7.9
Relationship dissolution	-2.0	-10.4; 6.2	0.0	0.0; 0.0	3.7	-2.4; 9.9	1.1	0.9; 1.3
Incarceration	-11.5	-16.1; -7.0	-0.3	-0.4; -0.2	8.6	5.1; 12.1	5.1	2.9; 9.2
Moving out against their will	-6.8	-13.1; -0.5	-0.1	-0.1; 0.0	7.1	2.2; 12.0	1.6	1.2; 2.1
Community fear/insecurity	20.2	11.8; 28.6	0.0	0.0; 0.1	-15.5	-21.9; -9.1	0.7	0.6; 0.8
	Both periods
	SII (p.p.)	95%CI	CIX	95%CI	Difference * (p.p.)	95%CI	Ratio **	95%CI
Physical abuse/violence	-10.4	-17.0; -3.8	-0.1	-0.2; 0.0	9.6	4.2; 14.8	2.1	1.4; 2.9
Sexual abuse/violence	-0.8	-2.0; 0.4	-0.8	-0.9; -0.7	0.8	-0.3; 1.9	-	-
Emotional neglect	-4.4	-12.0; 3.0	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	4.5	-1.1; 10.4	1.3	0.9; 1.7
Death of parents	-1.6	-3.6; 0.4	-0.4	-0.6; 0.0	1.0	-0.5; 2.7	3.0	0.7; 14.4
Parental divorce	-6.6	-10.6; -2.5	-0.2	-0.4; 0.0	4.3	1.2; 7.5	3.3	1.6; 6.8
Death of a relative/close person	-11.4	-21.1; -1.7	0.0	-0.1; 0.0	8.0	0.7; 15.2	1.2	1.0; 1.4
Financial difficulties	-10.7	-16.8; -4.6	-0.1	-0.2; 0.0	7.1	2.3; 12.0	1.9	1.3; 2.9
Discrimination	0.2	-4.7; 5.0	0.0	-0.1; 0.1	0.5	-3.2; 4.2	1.1	0.6; 1.8
Domestic violence	-0.5	-1.3; 0.3	-0.6	-0.8; -0.5	0.4	-0.4; 1.1	-	-
Relationship dissolution	-4.5	-10.1; 1.0	-0.1	-0.2; 0.0	4.0	-0.2; 8.4	1.6	1.0; 2.5
Incarceration	0.0	-	-	-	0.0	0.0; 0.0	-	-
Moving out against their will	-3.1	-6.0; -0.3	-0.4	-0.7; 0.0	3.1	0.5; 5.2	5.4	1.7; 17.7
Community fear/insecurity	12.4	3.5; 21.3	0.1	0.0; 0.1	-8.9	-15.3; -2.7	0.7	0.5; 0.9

Characteristics	Adolescence
	0		1-2		3 or more
	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Sex
Male	1.5	1.0; 2.4	21.2	19.0; 23.6	77.2	74.8; 79.5
Female	1.5	1.0; 2.3	22.0	20.0; 24.2	76.4	74.2; 78.5
Skin color
Black	1.5	0.9; 2.6	14.8	12.6; 17.3	83.7	81.1; 86.0
White	1.6	1.1; 2.3	24.9	22.9; 27.0	73.5	71.4; 75.6
Family income (quintiles)
1st (poorest)	0.4	0.1; 1.7	11.8	9.2; 14.9	87.8	84.6; 90.4
2nd	0.9	0.4; 2.2	15.0	12.2; 18.3	84.1	80.7; 87.0
3rd	1.4	0.7; 2.8	20.5	17.4; 24.0	78.1	74.5; 81.3
4th	2.0	1.1; 3.6	26.8	23.2; 30.6	71.2	67.3; 74.9
5th (wealthy)	2.8	1.7; 4.6	33.0	29.1; 37.1	64.2	60.0; 68.2
Schooling (years)
0-8	0.8	0.4; 1.5	11.7	9.9; 13.7	87.5	85.5; 89.4
9-11	2.2	1.6; 3.1	29.0	26.7; 31.4	68.8	66.3; 71.1
12 or more	0.8	0.1; 5.7	35.2	26.4; 45.2	63.9	54.0; 72.8
	Adulthood
	0		1-2		3 or more
	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Sex
Male	4.8	3.5; 6.6	32.8	29.6; 36.3	62.3	58.8; 65.7
Female	4.9	3.7; 6.4	33.0	30.1; 36.1	62.1	58.9; 65.1
Skin color
Black	3.9	2.5; 5.8	27.6	24.0; 31.5	68.5	64.6; 72.3
White	5.2	4.0; 6.8	36.3	33.4; 39.3	58.5	55.4; 61.4
Family income (quintiles)
1st (poorest)	3.9	2.2; 6.9	26.1	21.2; 31.8	70.0	64.2; 75.2
2nd	4.0	2.2; 7.2	31.1	25.8; 37.0	64.9	58.9; 70.4
3rd	6.3	3.9; 10.0	31.4	26.2; 37.1	62.3	56.4; 67.8
4th	2.7	1.4; 5.4	37.6	32.1; 43.4	59.7	53.9; 65.2
5th (wealthy)	7.0	4.5; 10.6	42.4	36.7; 48.2	50.6	44.8; 56.4
Schooling (years)
0-8	6.3	4.0; 9.6	30.8	25.9; 36.2	63.0	57.4; 68.2
9-11	5.9	4.3; 8.1	32.7	29.0; 36.6	61.4	57.4; 65.3
12 or more	3.4	2.3; 4.9	34.4	31.1; 37.8	62.2	58.8; 65.6
	Both periods
	0		1-2		3 or more
	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Sex
Male	26.9	23.4; 30.6	57.5	53.5; 61.4	15.6	12.9; 18.8
Female	27.7	24.6; 31.0	57.0	53.5; 60.5	15.3	12.9; 18.0
Skin color
Black	22.7	19.1; 26.7	57.0	52.4; 61.4	20.3	16.9; 24.3
White	29.9	26.9; 33.1	56.6	53.2; 59.9	13.5	11.4; 16.0
Family income (quintiles)
1st (poorest)	20.7	15.7; 26.9	58.5	51.5; 65.2	20.7	15.6; 26.9
2nd	24.6	19.3; 30.8	56.8	50.1; 63.3	18.6	13.9; 24.4
3rd	25.0	19.8; 31.0	61.7	55.2; 67.8	13.3	9.5; 18.4
4th	32.2	26.4; 38.6	56.7	50.2; 63.1	11.0	7.5; 15.9
5th (wealthy)	34.8	28.8; 41.2	57.2	50.7; 63.5	8.0	5.1; 12.4
Schooling (years)
0-8	27.5	22.2; 33.6	48.6	42.4; 55.0	23.8	18.9; 29.6
9-11	26.2	22.4; 30.3	58.8	54.3; 63.1	15.1	12.1; 18.5
12 or more	28.1	24.7; 31.8	59.5	55.6; 63.3	12.3	9.9; 15.2

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Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480 , 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil, Tel.:+55 21 2598-2511, Fax: +55 21 2598-2737 / +55 21 2598-2514 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br

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[TFN1] 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.

[TFN2] * Variable with the highest number of missing (n = 4,164).