Associação de fatores socioeconômicos com o índice de massa corporal, obesidade, atividade física e dieta em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil: <i>Estudo Saúde em Beagá</i>

Ward, Julia; Friche, Amélia Augusta de Lima; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Proietti, Fernando Augusto; Xavier, César Coelho; Roux, Ana V. Diez

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00126914

person Julia Ward

schoolSchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, U.S.A.schoolUniversity of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.

person Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Fernando Augusto Proietti

schoolCentro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Vespasiano, Brasil.

person César Coelho Xavier

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Vespasiano, Brasil.

person Ana V. Diez Roux

schoolSchool of Public Health, Drexel University Philadelphia, U.S.A.

Correspondence J. Ward Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina. 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
emailjbward@umich.edu

Contibutors

J. Ward analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. A. A. L. Friche contributed to the design and acquisition of the data, assisted with data analysis and translation of the abstract to Portuguese, and reviewed the final manuscript. W. T. Caiaffa contributed to the design and acquisition of the data, assisted with data interpretation, and reviewed the final manuscript. F. A. Proietti and C. C. Xavier contributed to the design and acquisition of the data and reviewed the final manuscript. A. V. Diez Roux contributed to the design and acquisition of the data, assisted with data analysis and interpretation and translation of the abstract to Spanish, and reviewed the final manuscript.

Variable	Total (N = 3,918)	Men (n = 1,601)	Women (n = 2,317)	p-value *
Male (%)	40.8
Married (%)	42.9	48.5	39.1	< 0.0001
Age in years, Mean ± SD [range]	44.3±16.9 (18.0-95.0)	43.5±17.1 (18.0-91.0)	44.9±16.8 (18.0-95.0)	0.0088
Ethnicity (%)
White	38.2	36.0	39.7
Black	12.9	14.5	11.7
Mixed (“parda”)	47.7	48.7	47.0
Other	1.3	0.9	1.6	0.0047
Education (%) [years]
0-8	47.7	45.4	49.3
9-11	35.1	36.2	34.3
12+ years	17.2	18.4	16.4	0.0421
Household monthly income, in minimum wages (%)
Low (< 2)	26.7	19.5	31.6
Medium (2-5)	45.8	47.9	44.4
High (> 5)	27.5	32.6	24.0	< 0.0001
Nominal monthly income per person (BRL), [Mean ± SD (Range)]	870.1±771.7 (181.8-4847.8)	863±781.0 (181.8-4847.8)	874.4±765.3 (181.8-4847.8)	0.6761
BMI (kg/m²), Mean ± SD [range]	26.1±5.1 (13.9-53.0)	25.5±4.5 (14.0-46.7)	26.5±5.5 (13.9-53.0)	< 0.0001
Obesity (%) [BMI ≥ 30]	19.6	14.9	22.8	< 0.0001
Eat fruits or vegetables < 3 days/week (%)	35.0	40.5	31.2	< 0.0001
Physical inactivity, < 150min/week (%)	73.57	67.4	77.8	< 0.0001

Individual socioeconomic variables	Men (n = 1,601)		Women (n = 2,317)
Individual socioeconomic variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Education
Low	-0.94 (-1.53; -0.35)	-0.03 (-0.71; 0.65)	1.59 (0.93; 2.25)	1.79 (1.03; 2.55)
Medium	-0.32 (-0.93; 0.30)	0.17 (-0.48; 0.85)	0.92 (0.30; 1.54)	1.03 (0.37; 1.70)
High	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
p-value for trend	0.0025	0.6653	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Monthly income (minimum salary)
Low	-1.63 (-2.25; -1.01)	-1.26 (-1.93; -0.58)	0.23 (-0.38; 0.85)	-0.61 (-1.29; 0.07)
Medium	-0.69 (-1.22; -0.17)	-0.46 (-1.05; 0.14)	0.39 (-0.09; 0.87)	-0.19 (-0.71; 0.32)
High	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
p-value for trend	< 0.0001	0.0013	0.2865	0.1992
Neighborhood measure (percentile of nominal monthly income per person)
1^st tertile (low)	-1.18 (-1.68; -0.67)	-0.76 (-1.28; -0.23)	0.57 (-0.04; 1.17)	0.22 (-0.40; 0.84)
2^nd tertile	-0.34 (-0.81; 0.13)	-0.15 (-0.63; 0.34)	0.07 (-0.44; 0.59)	-0.13 (-0.66; 0.41)
3^rd tertile (high)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
p-value for trend	< 0.0001	0.0145	0.1606	0.5345

Individual socioeconomic variables	Men (n = 1,601)		Women (n = 2,317)
Individual socioeconomic variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Education
Low	1.05 (0.71; 1.57)	1.40 (0.88; 2.22)	1.90 (1.35; 2.67)	2.03 (1.36; 3.03)
Medium	1.28 (0.83; 1.97)	1.45 (0.92; 2.29)	1.53 (1.09; 2.16)	1.60 (1.11; 2.31)
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	0.3803	0.2630	0.0011	0.0024
Monthly income (minimum salary)
Low	0.65 (0.43; 0.98)	0.65 (0.41; 1.04)	1.14 (0.85; 1.53)	0.86 (0.62; 1.20)
Medium	0.90 (0.65; 1.24)	0.87 (0.60; 1.24)	1.12 (0.89; 1.42)	0.91 (0.70; 1.19)
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	0.1142	0.1984	0.5949	0.6698
Neighborhood measure (percentile of nominal monthly income per person)
1^st tertile (low)	0.76 (0.53; 1.09)	0.78 (0.53; 1.15)	1.20 (0.90; 1.59)	1.03 (0.77; 1.38)
2^nd tertile	1.12 (0.85; 1.49)	1.11 (0.82; 1.48)	1.02 (0.77; 1.35)	0.93 (0.70; 1.24)
3^rd tertile (high)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	0.0445	0.0812	0.3420	0.7238

Individual socioeconomic variables	Men (n = 1,505)		Women (n = 2,188)
Individual socioeconomic variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Education
Low	2.47 (1.73; 3.53)	1.55 (1.07; 2.26)	3.38 (2.48; 4.60)	2.12 (1.49; 3.02)
Medium	1.69 (1.24; 2.31)	1.24 (0.89; 1.73)	2.09 (1.56; 2.81)	1.61 (1.19; 2.18)
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	< 0.0001	0.0683	< 0.0001	0.0002
Monthly income (minimum salary)
Low	1.97 (1.41; 2.76)	1.33 (0.93; 1.90)	3.15 (2.32; 4.28)	2.08 (1.47; 2.96)
Medium	1.94 (1.45; 2.61)	1.46 (1.08; 1.99)	2.14 (1.64; 2.80)	1.63 (1.23; 2.18)
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	< 0.0001	0.0529	< 0.0001	0.0001
Neighborhood measure (percentile of nominal monthly income per person)
1^st tertile (Low)	2.80 (1.95; 4.03)	2.04 (1.41; 2.96)	2.23 (1.66; 3.01)	1.31 (0.96; 1.80)
2^nd tertile	1.92 (1.40; 2.63)	1.56 (1.15; 2.13)	1.31 (0.99; 1.73)	0.97 (0.74; 1.28)
3^rd tertile (High)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	< 0.0001	0.0006	< 0.0001	0.1200

Individual socioeconomic variables	Men (n = 1,601)		Women (n = 2,317)
Individual socioeconomic variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Education
Low	1.99 (1.46; 2.71)	1.47 (1.02; 2.13)	2.47 (1.85; 3.30)	1.61 (1.15; 2.26)
Medium	1.35 (1.00; 1.83)	1.15 (0.82; 1.60)	1.43 (1.04; 1.97)	1.09 (0.79; 1.51)
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	< 0.0001	0.0777	< 0.0001	0.0021
Monthly income (minimum salary)
Low	2.23 (1.68; 2.94)	1.76 (1.26; 2.44)	2.85 (2.19; 3.70)	2.21 (1.65; 2.96)
Medium	1.37 (1.07; 1.74)	1.16 (0.89; 1.51)	1.65 (1.27; 2.14)	1.39 (1.05; 1.85)
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	< 0.0001	0.0021	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Neighborhood measure (percentile of nominal monthly income per person)
1^st tertile (low)	1.62 (1.23; 2.14)	1.20 (0.87; 1.64)	1.65 (1.29; 2.10)	1.08 (0.84; 1.40)
2^nd tertile	1.30 (0.96; 1.76)	1.11 (0.81; 1.52)	1.51 (1.20; 1.91)	1.24 (0.99; 1.54)
3^rd tertile (high)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
p-value for trend	0.0026	0.5229	0.0002	0.1442

[TFN1] BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation. * Chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables were performed to determine differences between men and women.

Associação de fatores socioeconômicos com o índice de massa corporal, obesidade, atividade física e dieta em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Estudo Saúde em Beagá

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