El contexto social del barrio en la práctica de actividad física durante el tiempo libre de los residentes de un centro urbano: <i>Estudio Salud en Beagá</i>

Andrade, Amanda Cristina de Souza; Peixoto, Sérgio Viana; Friche, Amélia Augusta de Lima; Goston, Janaína Lavalli; César, Cibele Comini; Xavier, César Coelho; Proietti, Fernando Augusto; Roux, Ana V. Diez; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00069514

person Amanda Cristina de Souza Andrade

schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Sérgio Viana Peixoto

schoolCentro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolEscola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche

schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Janaína Lavalli Goston

schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Cibele Comini César

schoolInstituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person César Coelho Xavier

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Vespasiano, Brasil.

person Fernando Augusto Proietti

schoolCentro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Vespasiano, Brasil.

person Ana V. Diez Roux

schoolSchool of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, U.S.A.

person Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa

schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

Correspondence A. C. S. Andrade Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte. Av. Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brasil.
emailamandasouza_est@yahoo.com.br

Contributors

A. C. S. Andrade and S. V. Peixoto contributed to the literature review, data analysis and writing of the paper. A. A. L. Friche, J. L. Goston, C. C. César and A. V. Diez Roux contributed to the data analysis and the review of the final version of the paper. C. C. Xavier and F. A. Proietti contributed to the study design and the review of the final version of the paper. W. T. Caiaffa contributed to the study design, literature review, data analysis and writing of the paper.

Variables	Total (n = 3,597)	Socioeconomic status
	Total (n = 3,597)	Low (n = 1,224)	Medium (n = 1,203)	High (n = 1,170)
	% or mean (SD)	% or mean (SD)	% or mean (SD)	% or mean (SD)
Gender (male)	46.9	43.7	47.2	48.8
Age (years)	41.1 (16.2)	41.0 (18.6)	40.5 (15.9)	41.5 (14.3)
Marital status (without a partner)	46.8	46.8	47.0	46.7
Education (years) *
0-4	19.8	37.3	20.5	7.7
5-8	21.7	29.9	25.8	13.0
9-11	36.4	30.2	42.2	36.0
≥ 12	22.1	2.6	11.5	43.0
Family income (minimum monthly wage – USD 240) *
< 2	19.5	48.9	15.6	2.6
2\|-3	20.9	29.6	30.2	7.5
3\|-5	24.0	17.8	33.2	20.8
5\|-10	19.1	3.4	18.0	30.7
≥ 10	16.5	0.3	3.0	38.4
Currently working	64.8	64.4	65.3	64.6
Time in neighborhood (years) *	15.4 (12.5)	13.7 (14.4)	15.6 (12.6)	16.1 (10.9)
Regular fruit and vegetable consumption (≥ 5 days/week) *	48.6	39.9	45.9	48.6
Current smoker **	17.5	22.9	15.5	15.6
Alcohol consumption *	47.7	37.8	40.8	59.8
Body Mass Index ***
Underweight	5.9	8.6	6.3	3.8
Normal weight	45.0	46.1	46.1	43.4
Overweight	49.1	45.3	47.6	52.7
Self-perception of health (Good/Very good) *	69.8	59.7	67.4	78.3
Social participation *
High	38.9	22.5	33.6	53.9
Medium	32.1	32.5	35.4	29.3
Low	29.0	45.0	31.0	16.8
Physical activity social support
Ride	37.2	34.6	38.8	37.7
Encouragement from friends or family members *	68.8	56.8	69.4	76.1
Friends or family members’ commitment	58.2	54.8	59.8	59.1
Active during leisure *	30.2	20.2	25.4	40.6

Variables	Socioeconomic status
	Low [mean (SD)]		Medium [mean (SD)]		High [mean (SD)]
	Active	Inactive	Active	Inactive	Active	Inactive
Neighborhood	(n = 138)		(n = 145)		(n = 143)
Services	2.54 (0.23)	2.58 (0.21)	2.59 (0.18)	2.56 (0.24)	2.55 (0.24)	2.58 (0.27)
Aesthetics	2.89 (0.57)	2.89 (0.60)	2.99 (0.65)	3.01 (0.63)	3.11 (0.67)	3.10 (0.65)
Safety	2.87 (0.80)	2.89 (0.74)	2.89 (0.77)	2.93 (0.77)	2.98 (0.81)	2.97 (0.80)
Social cohesion	3.27 (0.60)	3.14 (0.69) *	3.32 (0.62)	3.27 (0.67)	3.31 (0.70)	2.26 (0.69)
Individual	(n = 1,224)		(n = 1,203)		(n = 1,170)
Age (years)	37.8 (15.3)	41.8 (16.7) **	36.9 (14.6)	41.8 (15.8) *	39.7 (15.5)	42.8 (16.2) **
Time living in neighborhood (years)	12.1 (11.2)	14.1 (13.1)	14.8 (10.7)	16.4 (13.0)	15.1 (10.7)	16.8 (13.1)

Variables	Socioeconomic status
	Low	Medium	High
	% Active (95%CI)	% Active (95%CI)	% Active (95%CI)
Gender
Male	27.2 (20.0-34.3) *	30.2 (24.8-35.6) **	46.1 (38.5-56.7) *
Female	14.8 (11.0-18.6)	21.1 (16.6-25.7)	35.4 (29.7-41.1)
Marital status
Without a partner	20.1 (15.2-24.9)	31.3 (25.8-36.8) *	45.8 (39.2-52.5) *
With a partner	20.3 (14.9-25.6)	20.1 (15.6-24.7)	36.0 (30.6-41.5)
Currently employed
Yes	22.5 (17.3-27.8) *	23.6 (19.6-27.5)	39.9 (34.2-45.7)
No	15.9 (10.6-21.2)	28.8 (22.2-35.4)	41.9 (34.8-48.9)
Regular fruit and vegetable consumption (days/week)
≥ 5	26.5 (20.8-32.2) *	30.6 (25.4-35.7) *	43.5 (37.5-49.6)
< 5	16.0 (11.4-20.5)	21.0 (16.2-25.8)	36.8 (30.4-43.2)
Current smoker
No	22.3 (17.7-26.8) *	27.7 (23.9-31.4) **	42.0 (36.6-47.3)
Yes	13.2 (6.7-19.6)	12.7 (6.1-19.4)	33.4 (23.5-43.2)
Alcohol consumption
No	20.1 (15.0-25.3)	22.2 (18.4-26.0) *	33.2 (27.8-38.5) *
Yes	20.4 (14.2-26.6)	30.1 (24.3-35.8)	45.5 (38.8-52.3)
Body Mass Index
Underweight	8.1 (1.3 -14.9) **	25.2 (10.3-40.0)	30.7 (16.1-45.3)
Normal weight	26.2 (19.8-32.5)	28.6 (22.9-34.3)	45.7 (39.0-52.3)
Overweight	17.2 (12.8-21.5)	22.8 (18.4-27.2)	37.4 (30.2-44.6)
Self-perception of health
Good/Very good	25.3 (19.9-30.8) **	28.4 (23.9-32.7) *	45.2 (40.0-50.5) **
Reasonable/Bad/Very bad	12.5 (8.0-17.1)	19.3 (14.4-24.2)	24.0 (16.8-31.2)
Social participation
High	34.7 (25.3-44.1) **	39.1 (32.1-46.1) **	49.6 (42.6-56.6) **
Medium	23.1 (17.3-29.0)	21.6 (16.1-27.1)	34.2 (27.3-41.1)
Low	11.0 (7.5-14.5)	14.8 (10.5-19.2)	22.4 (15.7-29.0)
Physical activity social support
Ride
Yes	22.9 (17.2-28.7)	29.1 (22.9-35.2)	48.4 (41.7-55.2) ***
No	18.7 (14.3-23.1)	23.0 (19.9-27.0)	35.9 (30.0-41.8)
Encouragement from friends or family members **
Yes	26.1 (20.2-32.1) **	28.3 (24.1-32.4) ***	44.1 (38.8-49.4) ***
No	12.3 (8.2-16.5)	18.8 (13.6-24.1)	29.4 (20.8-38.0)
Friends or family members’ commitment
Yes	25.5 (19.4-31.6 ) **	30.0 (25.2-34.9) **	42.9 (36.6-49.2)
No	13.8 (9.9-17.6)	18.5 (14.7-22.2)	37.3 (31.2-68.8)

	Socioeconomic status
	Low		Medium		High
	OR (95%CI)	p-value	OR (95%CI)	p-value	OR (95%CI)	p-value
Null model		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Area level variance (SE)	0.58 (0.22)		0.51 (0.17)		0.88 (0.22)
ICC (%)	15.01		13.52		21.06
AIC	954.48		1314.94		1863.24
Model 1
Services	0.28 (0.07-1.04)	0.058	2.29 (0.82-6.30)	0.110	0.67 (0.30-1.50)	0.331
Aesthetics	1.02 (0.68-1.52)	0.936	0.81 (0.55-1.19)	0.281	1.29 (0.89-1.86)	0.171
Safety	0.89 (0.57-1.36)	0.585	0.98 (0.76-1.26)	0.854	0.96 (0.74-1.26)	0.787
Social cohesion	1.47 (1.03-2.08)	0.031	1.13 (0.80-1.61)	0.485	1.05 (0.82-1.36)	0.685
Area level variance (SE)	0.63 (0.24)		0.55 (0.19)		0.88 (0.23)
ICC (%)	16.10		14.33		21,08
AIC	947.13		1315.50		1861.14
Model 2
Services	0.24 (0.06-1.08)	0.063	1.67 (0.60-4.69)	0.322	0.53 (0.23-1.26)	0.154
Aesthetics	1.14 (0.73-1.76)	0.566	0.86 (0.59-1.26)	0.440	1.32 (0.93-1.87)	0.118
Safety	0.98 (0.64-1.48)	0.911	1.02 (0.78-1.33)	0.875	0.99 (0.76-1.29)	0.972
Social cohesion	1.45 (1.03-2.06)	0.035	1.17 (0.80-1.72)	0.426	1.09 (0.82-1.44)	0.550
Area level variance (SE)	0.64 (0.27)		0.52 (0.20)		0.87 (0.23)
ICC (%)	16.33		13.85		20.85
AIC	924.70		1264.58		1825.86
Model 3
Services	0.25 (0.06-1.15)	0.075	1.54 (0.55-4.32)	0.407	0.52 (0.22-1.23)	0.138
Aesthetics	1.09 (0.68-1.73)	0.727	0.83 (0.56-1.22)	0.343	1.34 (0.95-1.89)	0.098
Safety	1.03 (0.71-1.48)	0.888	1.01 (0.77-1.33)	0.947	1.02 (0.78-1.34)	0.865
Social cohesion	1.49 (1.03-2.15)	0.036	1.12 (0.76-1.66)	0.561	1.04 (0.78-1.39)	0.778
Area level variance (SE)	0.56 (0.24)		0.64 (0.25)		0.80 (0.23)
ICC (%)	14.60		16.27		19.66
AIC	863.41		1202.83		1765.19
Model 4
Services	0.29 (0.07-1.15)	0.079	1.20 (0.44-3.30)	0.724	0.49 (0.19-1.22)	0.126
Aesthetics	1.13 (0.74-1.74)	0.565	0.84 (0.57-1.23)	0.371	1.36 (0.93-1.98)	0.102
Safety	1.05 (0.71-1.54)	0.801	1.05 (0.80-1.37)	0.716	1.02 (0.78-1.34)	0.881
Social cohesion	1.43 (1.02-2.01)	0.039	0.98 (0.65-1.47)	0.910	0.95 (0.71-1.27)	0.732
Area level variance (SE)	0.52 (0.23)		0.54 (0.22)		0.83 (0.23)
ICC (%)	13.58		14.03		20.10
AIC	825.45		1176.76		1708.94

[TFN1] SD: standard deviation.

[TFN2] Comparison between socioeconomic statuses: * p < 0,001; ** p < 0,05; and *** p < 0,01.

El contexto social del barrio en la práctica de actividad física durante el tiempo libre de los residentes de un centro urbano: Estudio Salud en Beagá

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