Overweight in men and women among urban area residents: individual factors and socioeconomic context

Andrade, Roseli Gomes de; Chaves, Otaviana Cardoso; Costa, Dário Alves da Silva; Andrade, Amanda Cristina de Souza; Bispo, Stephanie; Felicissimo, Monica Faria; Friche, Amélia Augusta de Lima; Proietti, Fernando Augusto; Xavier, César Coelho; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00102714

person Roseli Gomes de Andrade

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Otaviana Cardoso Chaves

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Dário Alves da Silva Costa

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Amanda Cristina de Souza Andrade

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Stephanie Bispo

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Monica Faria Felicissimo

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

person Fernando Augusto Proietti

schoolCentro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, BrasilschoolFaculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Vespasiano, Brasil.

person César Coelho Xavier

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Vespasiano, Brasil.

person Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa

schoolObservatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.schoolFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

Correspondence R. G. Andrade Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 190, sala 730, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brasil.
roselidd@gmail.com

Contributors

R. G. Andrade and O. C. Chaves participated in data interpretation, preparation of the manuscript, relevant critical review of the contents, and approval of the final version of the manuscript. D. A. S. Costa and A. C. S. Andrade participated in data analysis and interpretation, relevant critical review of the contents, and approval of the final version of the manuscript. S. Bispo participated in data analysis and interpretation, preparation of the manuscript and approval of the final version of the manuscript. M. F. Felicissimo participated in the approval of the final version of the manuscript. A. A. L. Friche participated in the study design and approval of the final version of the manuscript. F. A. Proietti and C. C. Xavier participated in the project design and planning, and in the approval of the final version of the manuscript. W. T. Caiaffa participated in the project design and planning, data interpretation, preparation of the manuscript, relevant critical review of the contents, and approval of the final version of the manuscript.

Variables	Men				Women
Variables	n	Prevalence	95%CI	p-value	n	Prevalence	95%CI	p-value
Age (years)
20-29	333	38.2	31.4-45.0	< 0.001 *	387	31.2	24.4-37.9	< 0.001 *
30-39	304	58.5	51.2-65.8		434	54.4	48.9-59.8
40-49	306	55.3	47.7-62.8		458	58.7	52.4-64.9
50-60	277	66.8	59.5-74.0		436	69.3	63.1-75.5
Marital status
Whithout a spouse	485	42.6	36.9-48.3	< 0.001 *	789	45.3	40.5-50.1	< 0.001 *
With a spouse	735	61.6	57.0-66.2		926	57.4	52.6-62.3
Schooling (years)
0-4	205	53.8	45.8-61.9	0.081	361	70.0	64.4-75.6	< 0.001 *
5-8	301	50.0	42.9-57.2		412	59.0	52.8-65.2
9-12	477	49.0	42.5-55.4		625	46.8	40.3-53.3
> 12	237	61.2	53.5-68.9		315	40.4	33.9-46.8
Family income (multiples of minimum wage)
≤ 2	219	42.6	33.5-51.7	0.005 *	492	55.1	49.0-61.1	0.556
> 2 and ≤ 5	591	50.7	45.7-55.7		771	50.9	46.1-55.7
> 5	386	59.8	54.0-65.6		415	50.9	44.3-57.6
Census tract income
1^st.tercile	464	44.7	39.1-50.2	0.003 *	635	52.2	45.6-58.9	0.739
2^nd.tercile	407	56.0	50.1-61.8		613	53.3	48.4-58.1
3^rd.tercile	349	57.9	52.1-63.7		467	49.9	42.8-57.0

Variables	Men				Women
Variables	N	Prevalence	95%CI	p-value	n	Prevalence	95%CI	p-value
Smoking
No	609	53.1	47.9-58.2	< 0.001 *	1.066	49.9	45.6-54.3	0.207
Former smoker	323	63.8	56.5-71.0		350	56.3	49.3-63.3
Smoker	288	40.9	33.3-48.5		299	54.8	47.0-62.5
Alcohol intake
Never/seldom	641	51.6	45.7-57.5	0.388	1.323	53.1	49.2-57.0	0.237
1-2 days a week	400	56.2	49.4-63.1		333	49.5	41.0-57.9
3-7 days a week	179	47.7	38.2-57.2		59	38.3	21.5-55.0
Intake of fat
Does not eat	664	56.3	50.7-61.9	0.113	1.163	51.1	46.8-55.5	0.503
Eats	508	50.1	45.3-54.8		427	53.3	48.0-58.7
Beans
Up to 5 days a week	103	62.4	48.1-76.7	0.198	329	46.6	38.7-54.5	0.119
5-7 days a week	1,117	52.0	48.2-55.7		1.386	53.1	49.3-56.9
Milk
Does not drink	369	46.6	39.9-53.3	0.029 *	547	53.4	47.1-59.6	0.048 *
Drinks whole milk	733	53.7	48.9-58.5		892	48.2	43.1-53.3
Drinks reduced fat/ fat-free milk	118	64.4	53.8-75.0		275	60.3	51.9-68.7
Fruits and vegetables consumption
Up to 5 days a week	723	48.4	43.7-52.9	0.008 *	794	51.3	46.4-56.2	0.760
5-7 days a week	497	58.8	53.2-64.4		921	52.3	47.6-57.0
Intake of soft drink
Does not drink	96	55.6	41.8-69.5	< 0.001 *	233	47.0	37.8-56.2	0.073
Drinks the regular one/all kinds	1,015	48.9	45.3-52.6		1244	50.9	47.0-54.7
Drinks diet/light/sugar-free	108	82.7	73.9-91.6		235	61.3	51.3-71.4
Form of sweetening
Uses sugar and others	1,057	49.2	45.3-53.0	< 0.001 *	1.380	49.8	46.2-53.3	0.039 *
Does not sweeten and/or uses sweetener	163	71.2	62.1-80.2		335	59.6	50.6-68.5
Leisure-time physical activity
Inactive	770	56.7	52.2-61.2	0.060	1.240	53.5	49.4-57.7	0.124
Active	373	47.7	40.2-55.3		364	46.9	39.3-54.5
Health self-assessment
Very good/Good	895	49.9	45.9-53.9	0.003 *	1.124	44.7	40.3-49.1	< 0.001 *
Fair	268	61.1	53.4-68.8		490	64.8	58.2-71.4
Poor/Very poor	57	70.5	56.8-84.3		100	80.2	70.9-89.6

Variables	Model 1 *			Model 2 **
Variables	OR	95%CI	p-value	OR	95%CI	p-value
Age	1.05	1.03-1.06	< 0.001	1.04	1.03-1.06	< 0.001
Marital status
Whithout a spouse	1.00		-	1.00		-
With a spouse	1.38	1.04-1.82	0.024	1.38	1.05-1.82	0.023
Schooling (years)
0-4	1.00		-	1.00		-
5-8	0.82	0.57-1.18	0.287	0.81	0.55-1.19	0.281
9-12	0.66	0.44-0.99	0.045	0.65	0.43-0.99	0.047
> 12	0.45	0.29-0.70	< 0.001	0.44	0.27-0.71	0.001
Form of sweetening
Uses sugar and others	1.00		-	1.00		-
Does not sweeten and/or uses sweetener	1.61	1.06-2.46	0.026	1.61	1.06-2.46	0.027
Health self-assessment
Very good/Good	1.00		-	1.00		-
Fair	1.79	1.25-2.56	0.002	1.79	1.25-2.57	0.002
Poor/Very poor	3.91	1.78-8.56	0.001	3.93	1.78-8.67	0.001
Intake of soft drink
Does not drink	1.00		-	1.00		-
Drinks the regular one/all kinds	1.65	1.03-2.65	0.038	1.65	1.03-2.65	0.038
Drinks diet/light/sugar-free	2.64	1.39-5.03	0.003	2.64	1.39-5.01	0.003
Census tract income
1^st.tercile				1.00		-
2^nd.tercile				1.08	0.73-1.57	0.710
3^rd.tercile				1.07	0.68-1.68	0.770
Variance (covariance)	0.348 (0.113)			0.346 (0.113)
AIC	2015.19			2019.02

Variables	Model 1			Model 2
Variables	OR	95%CI	p-value	OR	95%CI	p-value
Age	1.02	1.00-1.04	0.048	1.02	1.00-1.04	0.084
Marital status
Without a spouse	1.00		-	1.00		-
With spouse	1.93	1.27-2.95	0.002	1.94	1.28-2.95	0.002
Schooling (years)
0-4	1.00		-	1.00		-
5-8	1.25	0.76-2.07	0.384	1.18	0.71-1.96	0.524
9-12	1.58	0.94-2.65	0.085	1.39	0.82-2.34	0.220
> 12	2.86	1.46-5.59	0.002	2.23	1.08-4.58	0.030
Smoking
No	1.00		-	1.00		-
Former smoker	1.51	0.97-2.35	0.065	1.49	0.96-2.29	0.074
Smoker	0.51	0.33-0.80	0.003	0.49	0.31-0.76	0.002
Leisure-time physical activity
Inactive	1.00		-	1.00		-
Active	0.56	0.37-0.87	0.009	0.55	0.36-0.83	0.004
Health self-assessment
Very good/Good	1.00		-	1.00		-
Fair	1.44	0.92-2.26	0.111	1.47	0.94-2.28	0.089
Poor/Very poor	2.17	1.01-4.64	0.046	2.21	1.05-4.66	0.037
Intake of soft drink
Does not drink	1.00		-	1.00		-
Drinks the regular one/all kinds	0.68	0.33-1.41	0.301	0.70	0.35-1.41	0.317
Drinks diet/light/sugar-free	3.27	1.16-9.21	0.025	3.16	1.15-8.71	0.026
Census tract income
1^st tercile				1.00		-
2^nd tercile				1.69	1.18-2.43	0.004
3^rd tercile				1.82	1.18-2.80	0.007
Variance (covariance)	0.256 (0.109)			0.209 (0.095)
AIC	1737.85			1731.00

[TFN1] 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.

[TFN2] * Pearson’s chi-square test significant at 5%.

Overweight in men and women among urban area residents: individual factors and socioeconomic context

Sobrepeso en hombres y mujeres residentes en zonas urbanas: factores individuales y contexto socioeconómico

Abstract