Mineral element and heavy metal (cadmium, lead and arsenic) levels of bee pollen in Turkey

ALTUNATMAZ, Sema Sandikci; TARHAN, Duygu; AKSU, Filiz; BARUTÇU, Umıt Bora; OR, Mehmet Erman

doi:10.1590/1678-457X.36016

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Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 37 (suppl 1) • Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.36016 linkcopy

Mineral element and heavy metal (cadmium, lead and arsenic) levels of bee pollen in Turkey

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this study, mineral element and heavy metal levels in bee pollen produced in various regions of Turkey (20 samples) and imported bee pollen (4 samples), were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) device. Mineral and heavy metal levels of bee pollens produced in Turkey were determined to be within the following ranges (minimum-maximum, µg/g_pollen); Cr (chromium): 0.124-1.595, Cu (copper): 3.728-14.994, Fe (iron): 28.603-725.360, Mg (magnesium): 271.107-1278.340, Mn (manganese): 8.151-201.036, Se (selenium): 0.593-5.085, Zn (zinc): 14.832-39.079, B (boron): 0.592-61.33, Ni (nickel): 0.002-1.761, Si (silicon): 0.082-10.500, K (potassium): 992.107-2894.154, Ca (calcium): 491.853-1472.102, P (phosphorus): 795.899-5246.992 and Cd (cadmium): 0.006-0.181, Pb (lead): 0.000-0.479, As (arsenic): 0.006-1.035. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that bee pollens produced in Turkey may be a good source of mineral regarding the trace elements Se, Mn, Fe, Cr and Cu.

Keywords:
bee pollen; heavy metal; ICP-OES; minerals

Region/ county	City	Sample no. of Pollen
Black Sea	Artvin-Kaçkar	6-9-11
	Çanakkale	20-21-22
Marmara Region	Bursa	19
	Yalova	1-7-10-12
	Izmit	15
Aegean Region	Datça-Muğla	13
Eastern Anatolia	Sivas, Erzurum	2 5-23
Central Anatolia	Kayseri	4-8-17
The Mediterranean Region	Mersin	18
China	Santiago	14-16
Chile		24
Canada		3
Total		24

No	Cr	Cu	Fe	Mn	Se	Zn	B	Ni	Si	Cd	Pb	As
1	0.536	11.157	140.223	19.456	3.912	37.813	0.946	0.004	0.261	0.113	0.176	0.015
2	1.159	14.994	340.117	201.036	5.085	39.079	0.799	0.020	0.082	0.086	0.088	0.010
4	0.337	10.616	313.532	19.713	3.242	30.387	0.693	0.007	0.132	0.040	0.055	0.009
5	0.912	7.062	60.691	30.652	1.845	27.272	34.850	1.062	7.249	0.070	0.222	0.446
6	0.730	11.622	510.235	25.087	2.127	23.873	0.841	0.005	0.110	0.061	0.304	0.009
7	0.842	11.398	725.360	18.295	2.154	27.738	0.700	0.002	0.142	0.046	0.278	0.008
8	1.179	12.439	79.496	23.967	1.836	36.049	48.524	1.184	10.380	0.090	0.293	0.435
9	0.577	14.097	454.990	23.014	2.056	33.240	0.620	0.007	0.121	0.076	0.065	0.007
10	0.644	13.907	168.662	17.874	2.572	31.217	0.708	0.002	0.195	0.042	0.102	0.007
11	0.777	12.734	290.442	17.745	1.863	24.892	0.592	0.008	0.098	0.095	0.390	0.006
12	0.589	10.611	182.455	16.047	2.120	26.895	0.650	0.003	0.245	0.047	0.479	0.010
13	0.246	3.728	28.603	8.151	0.593	14.832	34.220	0.690	6.014	0.058	0.000	0.406
15	0.506	9.465	95.763	15.127	2.076	28.372	0.708	0.002	0.198	0.033	0.215	0.010
17	0.124	4.808	30.719	9.311	1.295	15.160	51.640	0.943	1.982	0.113	0.000	0.759
18	1.595	12.688	107.525	21.918	2.990	34.365	61.330	0.736	10.500	0.051	0.117	0.983
19	1.169	9.005	78.794	19.353	2.956	30.572	56.790	1.090	8.490	0.006	0.145	1.035
20	1.218	7.471	55.333	11.605	2.813	32.647	34.440	0.642	2.189	0.181	0.212	0.871
21	0.911	9.641	168.449	54.627	3.228	33.381	46.920	1.761	6.024	0.054	0.296	0.907
22	0.788	7.879	113.805	13.826	2.954	22.026	33.600	1.202	6.112	0.095	0.182	1.011
23	1.016	13.040	118.107	19.796	3.488	33.245	36.380	0.861	3.869	0.025	0.231	0.873
Mean	0.793	10.418	203.165	29.329	2.560	29.153	22.298	0.512	3.220	0.069	0.193	0.391

No	K	Mg	Ca	P
1	1811.094	919.343	580.278	865.879
2	2485.519	1200.501	491.853	795.899
4	2702.758	814.476	679.514	1331.377
5	1796.641	419.090	785.355	3518.333
6	2365.266	1278.340	1016.559	1786.657
7	2099.323	987.505	878.967	1191.741
8	2671.459	613.053	1227.646	4721.593
9	2165.239	721.926	764.602	1819.231
10	1699.761	949.572	920.300	1541.382
11	2004.736	593.459	847.933	1361.374
12	1664.247	633.786	902.981	1335.985
13	2224.814	271.106	1472.102	5246.992
15	1453.998	617.565	677.717	1045.813
17	1619.484	316.023	1019.669	4055.672
18	2894.154	720.719	1177.349	4714.479
19	1539.838	641.464	936.270	3839.639
20	1681.628	333.048	493.997	3301.834
21	1604.919	412.245	954.493	3363.309
22	1440.419	383.981	631.935	3147.411
23	992.107	568.204	789.182	4210.083
Mean	1945.87	669.770	862.435	2659.730

No	Cr	Cu	Fe	Mn	Se	Zn	B	Ni	Si	Cd	Pb	As
3	0.480	19.191	306.675	33.957	4.237	41.679	0.618	0.009	0.053	0.077	0.000	0.008
14	0.373	4.977	103.294	9.479	0.644	17.479	39.820	0.418	14.120	0.046	0.000	0.279
16	0.298	5.077	50.056	10.743	1.482	14.805	58.470	0.580	5.192	0.081	0.004	0.668
24	0.726	7.170	96.770	29.470	3.236	31.101	41.730	1.305	2.004	0.044	0.339	1.054

No	K	Mg	Ca	P
3	2471.018	1111.973	680.061	1043.708
14	2414.352	359.290	1296.739	3383.856
16	2726.714	561.295	1634.456	4694.666
24	1300.233	410.638	514.942	3064.424

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