Effects of consumption of a low glycaemic index formula on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes managed by medical nutrition therapy

BAI, Qian; XU, Jing; ZHU, Wenyi; HUANG, Chen; NI, Xiangmin; ZHAO, Huan; FENG, Xiaoqing; LI, Li; DU, Shanshan; FAN, Rong; WANG, Jian

doi:10.1590/fst.51320

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 41 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.51320 copy

Effects of consumption of a low glycaemic index formula on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes managed by medical nutrition therapy

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of medical nutritional therapy (MNT) combined with low glycaemic index (LGI) formula at breakfast for 4 weeks on the glycaemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ninety-six participants were recruited and randomly equally divided into two groups. The intervention group was offered with 40g LGI formula at breakfast adjusted according to MNT, and the control group with regular MNT. After 4 weeks, fasting blood glucose, glycated albumin (GA), insulin, C-peptide levels and metabolic index were compared between the two groups. Compared to the intervention group, the total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the change of FBG (–0.64 ± 1.4 vs. 0.3 ± 2.2; p < 0.05) and 2h-PBG (–1.8 ± 3.6 vs.0.8 ± 3.2; p < 0.01) in the control group were significantly decreased. The LGI formulations, having a significant effect on controlling glucose and lipid metabolism, could be used as a non-pharmacological intervention for T2DM self-management.

Keywords:
low glycaemic index; enteral formula; medical nutrition therapy; type 2 diabetes mellitus

	Groups
	Control (N=42)	Intervention (N=42)

Age (years)	60.7 ± 8.5	60.5 ± 8.0
Gender (M/F)	16/26	21/21
Height (cm)	159.7 ± 8.2	159.5 ± 8.0
Weight (kg)	62.9 ± 11.1	61.6 ± 9.8
BMI (kg/m2)	24.6 ± 3.1	24.1 ± 2.3
Diabetes course (years)	7.1 ± 6.4	8.2 ± 6.8
Therapy
Oral hypoglycaemic agents	12 (28.6%)	20 (47.6%)
Insulin	13 (31.0%)	10 (23.8%)
Hypoglycaemic agents plus insulin	15 (35.7%)	9 (21.4%)
Nomedication	2 (4.8%)	3 (7.1%)

	1 unit 100 g
Total energy (kcal)	444
Protein (g)	21.5
Total lipid (g)	15.5
Carbohydrate (g)	51
Dietary fibre (g)	6.0
Sodium (mg)	200

Parameters	Control group		Intervention group
Parameters	Baseline	At 4 weeks	Baseline	At 4 weeks
FPG (mmol/L)	8.0 ± 2.4	8.3 ± 2.4	8.0 ± 2.0	7.4 ± 1.8^* * p < 0.05, compared with the control; ^# # p < 0.01, compared with the baseline;
2h-PBG (mmol/L)	13.2 ± 4.7	14.0 ± 4.2	14.1 ± 3.8	12.3 ± 3.8*^#
GA (%)	18.4 ± 5.5	18.1 ± 4.7	17.2 ± 4.7	16.2 ± 4.0*^#
Fins (µU/mL )	22.7 ± 45.0	22.7 ± 42.8	19.0 ± 25.9	24.6 ± 46.4
P2hIns (µU/mL)	41.6 ± 56.6	43.7 ± 56.9	50.3 ± 55.0	48.8 ± 54.2
fastingC-P (ng/mL)	1.74 ± 0.8	1.8 ± 0.7	1.62 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.8
2h C-P (ng/mL)	4.1 ± 1.4	4.2 ± 1.8	4.9 ± 2.3	4.5 ± 2.6
TC (mmol/L)	4.8 ± 1.2	4.8 ± 1.0	5.1 ± 0.9	4.6 ± 1.0^#
TG (mmol/L)	2.4 ± 3.1	2.0 ± 1.5	2.1 ± 1.1	1.9 ± 1.2
HDL (mmol/L)	1.2 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3
LDL (mmol/L)	3.0 ± 0.8	3.0 ± 0.8	3.3 ± 0.7	2.9 ± 0.7^#
Ur (mmol/L)	5.7 ± 1.5	5.9 ± 1.6	6.1 ± 1.6	6.1 ± 1.8
Cr (µmol/L)	70.0 ± 16.2	71.0 ± 17.0	72.9 ± 18.1	72.8 ± 8.0
UA (µmol/L)	349.5 ± 80.1	345.3 ± 75.3	341.5 ± 80.1	336.5 ± 84.3

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[1] *Corresponding author:baiqian0202@126.com, wangjian_1996@aliyun.com