Extraction of hydrocolloids from <i>Pereskia Aculeata</i> Miller: reuse of process residue as activated carbon for the pigment-removal phase

AMARAL, Tatiana Nunes; JUNQUEIRA, Luciana Affonso; ALVES, Cibele Cristina Oliveira; OLIVEIRA, Natália Leite; PRADO, Mônica Elisabeth Torres; RESENDE, Jaime Vilela de

doi:10.1590/1678-457X.10517

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Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol 38 (Suppl. 1) • Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.10517 copy

Extraction of hydrocolloids from Pereskia Aculeata Miller: reuse of process residue as activated carbon for the pigment-removal phase

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Hydrocolloids of Pereskia aculeata Miller (OPNH) are potential ingredients in food industry as emulsifiers and stabilizers. The extraction process of OPNH requires the removal of pigments with activated carbon. Because this step is critical to the quality of the ingredient and has an impact on costs, a new activated carbon has been developed with residues from the same process. Residues activated with NaOH and H₃PO₄ (300 °C, 1 h) were subjected to batch adsorption tests in model solutions of malachite green (MG), carbohydrate and protein. Residue treated with 85% H₃PO₄ (OPNAC) had higher productivity and MG adsorption capacity, displaying a predominantly microporous surface (MEV/BET) with chemical activation confirmed by TG/FTIR. OPNAC showed higher MG and protein adsorption capacity than the commercial activated carbon (CAC) did. Results for MG-adsorption capacity by OPNAC did not show significant differences in the presence of protein and carbohydrate, presenting the higher affinity of the adsorbent for the dye. Adsorption isotherms showed OPNAC to be more favorable to MG adsorption than CAC, and to have a good fit to Langmuir-Freundlich model. OPNAC made it possible to reduce costs and allowed the sustainability of the process, leading to increased efficiency in selective pigment removal compared with CAC.

Keywords:
adsorption; carbohydrate; malachite green; protein; sustainable process

Treatment	Adsorbent yield (%)	Density (g L^–1)	q_t (mg/g)^* * 10 mg L–1 MG in aqueous solution, 10 g L–1 of adsorbent, 6 h, 100 rpm.
20% NaOH	17.6185 a	0.1055 a b	0.8297 b
15% NaOH	17.9823 a	0.1087 a	0.8426 c
10% NaOH	20.6676 a	0.1187 b	0.8797 d
72.2% H₃PO₄	29.0767 b	0.2033 c	0.9224 f
85.0% H₃PO₄	30.8176 b	0.2112 c	0.9531 g
42.5% H₃PO₄	31.8514 b	0.2150 c	0.7753 a
CAC	-	-	0.9048 e

Adsorbent (impregnation rate)	OPNAC (100%)	CCAC (168%)	DCAC (168%)	SGAC1 (30%)	SGAC2 (120%)
ST (m²g^-1)	712.081	893.7	490.8	514	745
VT (cm³g^-1)	0.3105	0.612	0.277	0.280	0.446
Sme (m²g^-1)	107.125	192.4	31.0	103	417
%	15	21	6	20	56
Vme (cm³g^-1)	0.128	0.248	0.034	0.066	0.279
%	41	40	12	23	62
Smi (m²g^-1)	296.04	610.6	421.5	311	158
%	42	68	85	60	21
Vmi (cm³g^-1)	0.137	0.288	0.199	0.169	0.100
%	44	47	72	60	22
Ref.	Present study	Alves et al. (2013)	Clark et al. (2012)	Reffas et al. (2010)	Reffas et al. (2010)

Model	Adsorbent	R²	RMS
Langmuir	CAC $K_{L} = 0.074 q_{o} = 19.108$	0.987	0.172
$q_{e} = \frac{q_{o} K_{L} C_{e}}{1 + K_{L} C_{e}}$	OPNAC $K_{L} = 0.105 q_{o} = 36,008$	0.858	0.303
Freundlich	CAC $K_{F} = 2.379 n = 2.055$	0.936	0.228
$q_{e} = K_{F} C_{e}^{1 / n}$	OPNAC $K_{F} = 3.846 n = 1.472$	0.812	0.342
Redlich-Peterson	CAC OPNAC	0.991 0.910	0.172 0.238
$q_{e} = \frac{a_{R P} C_{e}^{}}{1 + K_{R P} C_{e}^{n}_{}}$	CAC OPNAC	0.991 0.910	0.172 0.238
Langmuir-Freundlich	CAC OPNAC	0.991 0.997	0.164 0.206
$q_{e} = \frac{q_{o} {(K_{L} C_{e})}^{n}}{1 + {(K_{L} C_{e})}^{n}}$	CAC OPNAC	0.991 0.997	0.164 0.206

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[1] *Corresponding author: jvresende@dca.ufla.br