Effect of brine and dry salting methods on the physicochemical and microbial quality of chub (<i>Squalius cephalus</i> Linnaeus, 1758)

BINICI, Arzu; KAYA, Gülderen Kurt

doi:10.1590/1678-457X.15717

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Food Science and Technology

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Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol 38 (Suppl. 1) • Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.15717 copy

Effect of brine and dry salting methods on the physicochemical and microbial quality of chub (Squalius cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present study, looks at the physicochemical and microbiological quality changes that occur due to different salting techniques (20% salt concentration) of chub (Squalius cephalus) and when stored in 4 ± 0.5 °C. Samples of fish from each group was taken on the 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120^th day and was analyzed for nutritional component (crude protein, lipid, moisture, crude ash), pH value, salt content and the microbial flora (total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count, total coliform, total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria count, yeast and mould). It was determined that crude protein, lipid, crude ash and salt amounts in the group where dry salting method was applied were higher than the group where brine salting occurred, in addition protein and lipid values decreased as storage period was longer (P < 0.05). It was determined that there is an increase in total aerobic mesophilic, psycrophile bacteria and enumeration of yeast and mould as storage period increased, while coliform bacteria decreased (P < 0.05).

Keywords:
chub; squalius cephalus; quality properties; brine salting; dry salting

Storage time (day)	Crude Protein (%)		Lipid (%)		Moisture (%)		Crude Ash (%)		pH		Salt (%)
Storage time (day)	DS	BS	DS	BS	DS	BS	DS	BS	DS	BS	DS	BS
Raw material	20 ± 1^abc	20 ± 1^b	7 ± 0^a	7 ± 0^c	75 ± 1^d	75 ± 1^bc	2 ± 0^a	2 ± 0^a	7 ± 0^a	7 ± 0^a	0 ± 0^a	0 ± 0^a
15	21 ± 0^bc	15 ± 6^a	6 ± 0^a	7 ± 1^bc	62 ± 2^c	77 ± 2^c*	11 ± 1^b	2 ± 1^b*	6 ± 1^a	7 ± 1^a	21 ± 1^d	10 ± 1^c*
30	21 ± 1^bc	13 ± 1^a*	6 ± 1^a	4 ± 1^a	60 ± 2^bc	74 ± 2^ab*	13 ± 1^cd	9 ± 1^b*	6 ± 1^a	6 ± 1^a	17 ± 2^c	9 ± 1^bc*
45	22 ± 2^c	15 ± 1^a*	6 ± 1^a	4 ± 1^a	59 ± 2^bc	73 ± 2^ab*	13 ± 1^c	8 ± 1^b*	6 ± 1^a	7 ± 1^a	13 ± 2^b	7 ± 1^b*
60	19 ± 1^ab	13 ± 2^a*	7 ± 2^a	5 ± 1^ab	61 ± 1^c	78 ± 2^c*	13 ± 1^cd	4 ± 1^b*	6 ± 1^a	7 ± 1^a	15 ± 1^bc	8 ± 2^b*
90	18 ± 1^a	12 ± 1^a*	6 ± 2^a	5 ± 1^ab	56 ± 1^a	71 ± 2^a*	20 ± 2^d	12 ± 1^b*	6 ± 1^a	7 ± 1^a	16 ± 1^bc	8 ± 1^bc*
120	18 ± 1^a	11 ± 1^a*	5 ± 1^a	4 ± 1^a	57 ± 2^ab	75 ± 2^bc*	19 ± 2^cd	10 ± 2^b*	6 ± 0^a	8 ± 1^a	15 ± 2^bc	9 ± 1^bc*

Storage time (day)	According to the groups
	TMBC		TPBC		Yeasts-Moulds		TC
	DS	BS	DS	BS	DS	BS	DS	BS
Raw material	5 ± 0^a	5 ± 0^a	6 ± 0^a	6 ± 0^a	3 ± 0^e	3 ± 0^a	2 ± 0^b	2 ± 0^b
15	6 ± 0^c	8 ± 0^d^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	6 ± 0^b	8 ± 0^d*	1 ± 0^b	4 ± 0^ab^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	5 ± 0^c	<10^a^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).
30	6 ± 0^d	8 ± 0^d^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	7 ± 0^d	8 ± 0^e^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	<10^a	3 ± 0^a^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	<10^a	<10^a
45	6 ± 0^b	8 ± 0^e^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	6 ± 0^c	8 ± 0^f^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	2 ± 0^c	5 ± 0^c^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	<10^a	<10^a
60	7 ± 0^d	8 ± 0^f^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	6 ± 0^d	9 ± 0^g^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	3 ± 0^e	4 ± 0^b^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	<10^a	<10^a
90	7 ± 0^e	7 ± 0^c^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	7 ± 0^e	8 ± 0^c^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	7 ± 0^f	5 ± 0^c^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	<10^a	<10^a
120	7 ± 0^e	7 ± 0^b	6 ± 0^a	7 ± 0^b^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	3 ± 0^d	3 ± 0^a^* * shows statistical differences of “Two-tailed Independent T-test” between two different applications (DS and BS) of same parameters (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC) in same line. Different letters (a-g) in same column show statistical differences of “Duncan Multiply Range Test” among different storage times (0-120 days) for same application (DS or BS) and parameter (TMBC, TPBC, YM and TC).	<10^a	<10^a

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[1] *Corresponding author: gkurtkaya@munzur.edu.tr