Satisfação da imagem corporal, aspectos sociodemográficos, funcionais e clínicos de adultos comunitários

Farias, Raquel Rousselet; Martins, Renata Breda; Ulrich, Vivian; Kanan, João Henrique Correa; Silva Filho, Irenio Gomes da; Resende, Thais de Lima

doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-030012

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Sumário

Original Article • Dement. neuropsychol. 12 (3) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-030012 copiar

Satisfação da imagem corporal, aspectos sociodemográficos, funcionais e clínicos de adultos comunitários

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

A imagem corporal, de acordo com a definição de Ledoux et al.⁽¹⁾1 Ledoux M, Mongeau L, Rivard M. Poids et image corporelle. Enquête sociale et de santé auprès des enfants et adolescents québécois 1999. Québec: Institut de la statistique du Québec; 2002. p. 311-334. Cited by Roy M, Payette H. The body image construct about Western seniors: A systematic review of a literature. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012;55 (3):505-21., é “a representação sistemática, cognitiva, afetiva, consciente e inconsciente que as pessoas possuem em relação ao seu corpo durante o seu desenvolvimento biológico e ao longo de suas relações sociais”.

Objetivo:

Determinar a prevalência de satisfação com a imagem corporal (BIS) e sua relação com aspectos sociodemográficos, funcionais e clínicos em idosos.

Métodos:

Estudo transversal, analítico e prospectivo, realizado em uma amostra aleatória de idosos de todos os distritos sanitários de Porto Alegre (30 unidades de saúde). Os seguintes aspectos foram estudados: dados sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, estado civil e escolaridade), BIS (escala de Stunkard), testes funcionais (30 segundos Sit/Stand Test, tempo de caminhada 10m, Handgrip Strength - HGS) atividade física (Minnesota Questionnaire) e cognição (Mini Mental State Examination).

Resultados:

A maioria dos 532 participantes estava insatisfeita com a imagem corporal (92,5%), particularmente as mulheres (71,7%). Após a Regressão Logística Binária (6 passos), os preditores do BIS foram: escores altos para o sentar/levantar (OR: 1,13; p=0,013), maior FP (OR: 1,06; p=0,049), menor tempo gasto em atividade física (OR: 0,77; p<0,001).

Conclusão:

A prevalência do BIS foi baixa e a maioria das variáveis analisadas não apresentou relação com o BIS. Não obstante, foi encontrada uma relação com maior FPP, maior escore de Sit/Stand e menor tempo gasto em atividade física. Devido à escassez de estudos sobre o assunto, nossa pesquisa ajuda a aumentar o conhecimento sobre como a imagem corporal afeta essa parcela da população.

Palavras-chave:
idoso; envelhecimento; imagem corporal; atenção primária à saúde; saúde pública

Variable type	Variable	Categories	Data collection
Variable type	Variable	Categories	Instrument	Place
Sociodemographic	Age	None	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	Home
	Age group	60-69; 70-79; ≥80years	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	Home
	Education	Illiterate; low; medium; high education	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	Home
	Marital status	Living with a partner/not living with a partner	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	Home
Functional	Time (s) to walk 10m	None	Chronometer	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Sit/Stand Test (repetitions)	None	Chronometer	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Handgrip strength (Kgf)	None	Dynamometer Crow	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Physical activity level (min/week)	Total; light; moderate; intense	Minnesota Questionnaire	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
Clinical	Cognition	None	MMSE^§ § MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Presence of cognitive loss	Yes/No	MMSE^§ § MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Body image satisfaction	Yes/No	Stunkard’s Scale	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Urinary incontinence	Yes/No	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Report of falls in the last year	Yes/No	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Nº of falls in the past year	1; 2; ≥3	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Fracture due to fall	Yes/No	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Medication use	Yes/No	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;
	Nº of medicines taken	None; 1-3; ≥4	OAGAQ^* * OAGAQ: Older Adult Global Assessment Questionnaire;	SLH⁺ + SLH: São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul;

Variables		Body image satisfaction		p^* * Minimum level of significance for bivariate analysis;	Crude OR⁺ + Odds Ratio;
Variables		Yes (n=165)	No (n=367)	p^* * Minimum level of significance for bivariate analysis;	95% CI^§ § 95% confidence interval for OR;
Sex^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Male	83 (50.3)	104 (28.3)	<0.001^ Pearson’s Chi-square;	2.560 (1.750-3.744)
Sex^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Female	82 (49.7)	263 (71.7)	1.0
Age (years)	Mean±SD^¶ ¶ Standard deviation; (Range)	69.3±7.9 (60.0-103.8)	68.7±6.8 (58.9-95)	0.402⁺⁺ ++ Student’s t-test for independent groups;	1.011 (0.9866-1.037)
Age group^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	60-69 years	103 (62.4)	235 (64.0)	0.840^ Pearson’s Chi-square;	1.0
	70-79 years	47 (28.5)	104 (28.3)		1.002 (0.681-1.162)
	≥80 years	15 (9.1)	28 (7.6)		1.056 (0.841-1.155)
Marital status^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Living with a partner	70 (42.4)	135 (36.8)	0.216^ Pearson’s Chi-square;	1.266 (0.871-1.842)
Marital status^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Not living with a partner	95 (57.6)	232 (63.2)		1.0
Education^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Illiterate	147 (89.1)	339 (92.4)	0.213^ Pearson’s Chi-square;	1.0
Education^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Low Education	18 (10.9)	28 (7.6)		0.675 (0.362-1.258)
Total Physical Activity (min/week)^§§ §§ Physical activity measured with Minnesota Questionnaire; Median (1^st-3^rd Quartile)		2,519.0 (1,500.0-4,917.0)	3,420.0 (1,831.0-4,341.0)	0.067^\|\|-\|\| \|\|-\|\| Mann Whitney test.	0.811 (0.599-1.033)
Light Physical Activity (min/week)^§§ §§ Physical activity measured with Minnesota Questionnaire; Median (1^st-3^rd Quartile)		1,866.0 (902.0-3,122.0)	2,382.0 (1,384.0-4,341.0)	0.078^\|\|-\|\| \|\|-\|\| Mann Whitney test.	0.855 (0.602-1.016)
Moderate Physical Activity (min/week)^§§ §§ Physical activity measured with Minnesota Questionnaire; Median (1^st-3^rd Quartile)		1,429.0 (598.0-2,721.0)	1,541.0 (530.0-3,409.0)	0.081^\|\|-\|\| \|\|-\|\| Mann Whitney test.	0.892 (0.577-1.098)
Intense Physical Activity (min/week)^§§ §§ Physical activity measured with Minnesota Questionnaire; Median (1^st-3^rd Quartile)		464.0 (280.0-1,276.0)	873.0 (285.0-2,078.5)	0.330^\|\|-\|\| \|\|-\|\| Mann Whitney test.	0.694 (0.388-1.106)

Variables		Body image satisfaction		p^* * Minimum level of significance for bivariate analysis;	Crude OR⁺ + Odds Ratio;
Variables		Yes (n=165)	No (n=367)	p^* * Minimum level of significance for bivariate analysis;	95% CI^§ § 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio;
Medication^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Yes	140 (88.6)	324 (90.5)	0,510^§ § 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio;	1.0
Medication^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	No	18 (11.4)	34 (9.5)		1.068 (0.869-1.313)
Polypharmacy^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Yes	84 (52.2)	208 (58.6)	0.173^§ § 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio;	1.0
Polypharmacy^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	No	77 (47.8)	147 (41.4)		1.142 (1.021-1.278)
Urinary incontinence^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Yes	51 (31.5)	120 (33.3)	0.677^§ § 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio;	0.943 (0.618-1.367)
Urinary incontinence^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	No	111 (68.5)	240 (66.7)		1.0
Presence of cognitive impairment^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Yes	43 (27.6)	109 (30.8)	0.463^§ § 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio;	0.855 (0.563-1.298)
	No	113 (72.4)	245 (69.2)		1.0
Fall in past year^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Yes	53 (32.3)	115 (31.4)	0.838^§ § 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio;	1.0
Fall in past year^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	No	111 (67.7)	251 (68.6)		1.042 (0.702-1.546)
Nº of falls in past year^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	1	25 (47.2)	46 (41.1)	0.515^§ § 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio;	0.793 (0.369-1.702)
	2	16 (30.2)	31 (27.7)		0.716 (0.502-1.195)
	≥3	12 (22.6)	35 (31.3)	1.0
Fracture after fall^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	Yes	12 (22.6)	31 (27.0)	0.551^§ § 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio;	0.793 (0.369-1.702)
Fracture after fall^\|\| \|\| Data expressed as n (%);	No	41 (77.4)	84 (73.0)		1.0
Time to walk 10m (s) Mean±SD^¶ ¶ Standard deviation; (Range)		6.3±1.7 (3.0-13.0)	6.8± (3.0-20.0)	0.104^ Student’s t-test for independent groups.	0.850 (0.761-1.250)
Sit/Stand Test (number of repetitions/30s) Mean±SD^¶ ¶ Standard deviation; (Range)		9.7±3.4 (1.0-23.0)	8.4±2.9 (1.0-18.0)	0.009^ Student’s t-test for independent groups.	1.147 (1.076-1.222)
Handgrip Strength (Kgf) Mean±SD^¶ ¶ Standard deviation; (Range)		29.4±9.5 (11.4-50.0)	24.7±8.8 (5.2-45.8)	<0.001^ Student’s t-test for independent groups.	1.055 (1.033-1.078)

Independent variables		Regression coefficient		Sig.^\|\| \|\| Minimum level of significance for regression coefficient;	Adjusted Odds Ratio
		Regression coefficient			Exp (B)^¶ ¶ Odds ratio;	95% CI^* * Odds Ratio 95% confidence Interval;
		B_crude⁺ + Crude regression coefficient;	SE^§ § Standard error for regression coefficient;		Exp (B)^¶ ¶ Odds ratio;	Lower	Upper
Initial model	Male	–0.317	0.453	0.484	0.728	0.300	1.769
	Time to walk 10m	0.060	0.094	0.525	1.061	0.883	1.275
	Sit/Stand	0.124	0.053	0.018	1.132	1.021	1.255
	Handgrip strength	0.073	0.026	0.005	1.076	1.022	1.132
	Total physical activity^ Physical activity measured with Minnesota Questionnaire in minutes per week.	–0.084	0.054	0.050	0.851	0.693	1.074
	No polypharmacy	–0.493	0.404	0.223	0.611	0.277	1.349
	No history of falls	0.009	0.314	0.977	1.009	0.545	1.868
Final model	Sit/Stand	0.116	0.047	0.013	1.123	1.025	1.231
	Handgrip strength	0.060	0.016	0.000	1.062	1.028	1.096
	Total physical activity^ Physical activity measured with Minnesota Questionnaire in minutes per week.	–0.844	0.022	0.004	0.766	0.522	0.908

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[1] Thais de Lima Resende. PUCRS / Escola de Ciências da Saúde - Av. Ipiranga, 6690 / Prédio 81 / 6º andar / sala 603 - 90619-900 Porto Alegre RS - Brazil. E-mail: thaislr@pucrs.br