THIS PAPER is focused on the diffusion process of the neoclassical theory in the economic background of Brazilian economists. Initially, it presents a brief characterization of this theoretical conception, which is largely dominant all around the world in Economics. After that, it analyzes that diffusion process properly. The analysis is based on results obtained by other researchers that have examined the evolution of graduate courses in Economics in Brazil. At the same time, it is based on empirical research on the theoretical foundations of the papers published in two important Brazilian economic journals: Revista Brasileira de Economia and Estudos Econômicos. In the conclusions, it is showed that this diffusion process has left behind the absorption and consolidation phases, and it is getting into another phase, characterized by an emphasis on international integration.
